Difference between revisions of "Chikitsa Sthana"
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|data7 = [[Rasayana]], [[Vajikarana]], [[Jwara Chikitsa]], [[Raktapitta Chikitsa]], [[Gulma Chikitsa]], [[Prameha Chikitsa]], [[Kushtha Chikitsa]], [[Rajayakshma Chikitsa]], [[Unmada Chikitsa]], [[Apasmara Chikitsa]], [[Kshatakshina Chikitsa]], [[Shvayathu Chikitsa]], [[Udara Chikitsa]], [[Arsha Chikitsa]], [[Grahani Chikitsa]], [[Pandu Chikitsa]], [[Hikka Shwasa Chikitsa]], [[Kasa Chikitsa]], [[Atisara Chikitsa]], [[Chhardi Chikitsa]], [[Visarpa Chikitsa]], [[Trishna Chikitsa]], [[Visha Chikitsa]], [[Madatyaya Chikitsa]], [[Dwivraniya Chikitsa]], [[Trimarmiya Chikitsa]] , [[Urustambha Chikitsa]], [[Vatavyadhi Chikitsa]],[[Vatarakta Chikitsa]], [[Yonivyapat Chikitsa]] }} | |data7 = [[Rasayana]], [[Vajikarana]], [[Jwara Chikitsa]], [[Raktapitta Chikitsa]], [[Gulma Chikitsa]], [[Prameha Chikitsa]], [[Kushtha Chikitsa]], [[Rajayakshma Chikitsa]], [[Unmada Chikitsa]], [[Apasmara Chikitsa]], [[Kshatakshina Chikitsa]], [[Shvayathu Chikitsa]], [[Udara Chikitsa]], [[Arsha Chikitsa]], [[Grahani Chikitsa]], [[Pandu Chikitsa]], [[Hikka Shwasa Chikitsa]], [[Kasa Chikitsa]], [[Atisara Chikitsa]], [[Chhardi Chikitsa]], [[Visarpa Chikitsa]], [[Trishna Chikitsa]], [[Visha Chikitsa]], [[Madatyaya Chikitsa]], [[Dwivraniya Chikitsa]], [[Trimarmiya Chikitsa]] , [[Urustambha Chikitsa]], [[Vatavyadhi Chikitsa]],[[Vatarakta Chikitsa]], [[Yonivyapat Chikitsa]] }} | ||
| − | <div style="text-align:justify;">''Chikitsa'' | + | <div style="text-align:justify;"> |
| − | + | ==Fundamental principles== | |
| − | + | The term ''Chikitsa'' means treatment or therapy. <ref> Available from http://spokensanskrit.org/index.php?tran_input=cikitsA&direct=se&script=hk&link=yes&mode=3</ref> This section deals with therapeutics in Ayurveda. This is the most important section focusing on objective of Ayurveda for prevention, preservation of health and treatment of diseases. | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | Though [[Chikitsa Sthana]] relates with therapeutics, each chapter provides a etio-pathogenesis along with symptomatology, prognosis and classification of the disease before delving into its detailed treatment. In therapeutic chapters a general pattern is adopted to describe the management: The first principle of treatment (''chikitsa sutra'') of that particular disease is given in terms of ''langhana'' or ''brimhana, snehana'' or ''rukshana, svedana'' or ''stambhana'' and concerned measures of ''shodhana'' followed by their judicious use in particular state and stage of the disease. It is followed by description of single or compound preparations along with their constituents, method of preparation and indications. The drugs are mentioned in the form of fresh juice and paste, powder, tablet, decoctions, ''avaleha'' (jam), ''asava'' (fermented preparations mainly from juices), ''arishta'' (fermented preparations mainly from decoctions), medicated ghee and oil etc. | |
| + | |||
| + | ==Specialities of Ayurveda therapeutics == | ||
| + | |||
| + | The medical therapeutics today has been classified into many branches focused on a defined group of patients, diseases, skills, or philosophy.<ref>Specialties of Medical Practice available from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specialty_(medicine) retrieved on April 24, 2019</ref>. Each chapter in this section deals with a separate specialty. Being primarily a treatise of ''kayachikitsa'' (medicine), twenty three chapters in the [[Chikitsa Sthana]] deal with medical therapeutics. Other aspects of therapeutics like preservation and promotion of physical, mental,spiritual and sexual health is dealt in the first two chapters of [[Rasayana]] and [[Vajikarana]]. The chapter [[Dwivraniya Chikitsa]] pertains to wound management and briefs about surgical procedures (''shalya''). The chapter [[Visha Chikitsa]] on the management of poisoning (''visha'') deals with ''agada-tantra'' (toxicology). In Ayurveda, psychiatry is dealt with under the heading of ''bhuta-vidya'' and two chapters - 9th and 10th - deal with [[Unmada Chikitsa]] and [[Apasmara Chikitsa]] focus on this aspect of medicine. Finally, the 30th chapter [[Yonivyapat Chikitsa]] describes miscellaneous matters including the gynecological disorders (''yonivyapat'') and pediatrics (''kaumarabhritya''). | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Glimpses of chapters== | ||
Eight groups of major diseases were described in [[Nidana Sthana]], each representing one specific clinical feature from diagnostic point of view. Management of those eight diseases is explained in detail from the third to the tenth chapter. | Eight groups of major diseases were described in [[Nidana Sthana]], each representing one specific clinical feature from diagnostic point of view. Management of those eight diseases is explained in detail from the third to the tenth chapter. | ||
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Thus, there are thirty chapters in [[Chikitsa Sthana]]: | Thus, there are thirty chapters in [[Chikitsa Sthana]]: | ||
| − | The first chapter is on [[Rasayana]] (rejuvenation therapy) , further divided into four sections (or sub-chapters). The chapter describes a number of | + | The first chapter is on [[Rasayana]] (rejuvenation therapy) , further divided into four sections (or sub-chapters). The chapter describes a number of medicine preparations by means of which one can prevent and retard aging and live a longer, happier life. [[Rasayana]] measures promote physical and mental health and provide general immunity to prevent diseases as well as strength to the tissues to be able to fight diseases effectively. Thus this chapter highlights principles of geriatrics and old age care as well as prevention of ageing process. |
| − | The second chapter, on [[Vajikarana]], also comprises of four sub-chapters and deals with enhancing sexual health in healthy persons, consequently leading to healthy progeny. | + | The second chapter, on [[Vajikarana]], also comprises of four sub-chapters and deals with enhancing sexual health in healthy persons, consequently leading to healthy progeny. The chapter reveals principles of aphrodisiac medicines. |
| − | The management of ''jwara'' (fever) associated diseases are described in the 3rd chapter, [[Jwara Chikitsa]]. It includes therapeutic measures for acute and chronic fever, continuous, intermittent, malarial and seasonal fevers, mild, moderate and severe fevers, fever with or without ''ama'', fevers occurring from one, two or three combination of ''dosha'', fever occurring in ''dhatu'' and so on. All the aspects affecting treatment and prognosis of various types of fever are also described. | + | The management of ''jwara'' (fever) associated diseases are described in the 3rd chapter, [[Jwara Chikitsa]]. It includes therapeutic measures for acute and chronic fever, continuous, intermittent, malarial and seasonal fevers, mild, moderate and severe fevers, fever with or without ''ama'', fevers occurring from one, two or three combination of ''dosha'', fever occurring in ''dhatu'' and so on. All the aspects affecting treatment and prognosis of various types of fever are also described. This chapter describes principles related with thermo-regulatory mechanisms in the body. |
| − | The fourth chapter deals with the management of bleeding disorders under the heading of [[Raktapitta Chikitsa]], which is of two types i.e. bleeding from the upper and lower channels. | + | The fourth chapter deals with the management of bleeding disorders under the heading of [[Raktapitta Chikitsa]], which is of two types i.e. bleeding from the upper and lower channels. Principles of blood tissue and its disorders are referred in this chapter. |
| − | The fifth chapter,[[Gulma Chikitsa]] describes protuberance of abdomen under two headings, local and generalized. Local enlargement | + | The fifth chapter,[[Gulma Chikitsa]] describes protuberance of abdomen under two headings, local and generalized. Local lump like enlargement in abdominal cavity is termed as ''gulma'' and is of five types which includes simple gas phantom to new growth and their treatment. Principles of treatment of swellings in abdomen |
Urinary diseases are described according to the presenting symptoms of excessive urine or scanty urine with difficulty/pain. Sixth chapter deals with the treatment of urinary problems with presenting sign of excessive urine under the heading of [[Prameha Chikitsa]] which is of twenty types and includes ''madhumeha'' (diabetes mellitus). | Urinary diseases are described according to the presenting symptoms of excessive urine or scanty urine with difficulty/pain. Sixth chapter deals with the treatment of urinary problems with presenting sign of excessive urine under the heading of [[Prameha Chikitsa]] which is of twenty types and includes ''madhumeha'' (diabetes mellitus). | ||
| − | The management of eighteen types of ''kushtha'' (skin diseases including leprosy) is described in the 7th chapter | + | The management of eighteen types of ''kushtha'' (skin diseases including leprosy) is described in the 7th chapter [[Kushtha Chikitsa]]. Chronic non-purulent bacterial, fungal and allergic skin disorders are described under this heading. These disorders are further divided into two groups viz. 11 types of ''kshudra kushtha'' (minor skin diseases) and 7 types of ''mahakushtha'' (major skin disorders). |
''Rajayakshma'' (Tuberculosis) has been a problem since time immemorial and according to its etio-pathogenesis it is classified into four types and its detailed treatment is described in the 8th chapter. | ''Rajayakshma'' (Tuberculosis) has been a problem since time immemorial and according to its etio-pathogenesis it is classified into four types and its detailed treatment is described in the 8th chapter. | ||
Revision as of 16:15, 24 April 2019
Fundamental principles
The term Chikitsa means treatment or therapy. [1] This section deals with therapeutics in Ayurveda. This is the most important section focusing on objective of Ayurveda for prevention, preservation of health and treatment of diseases.
Though Chikitsa Sthana relates with therapeutics, each chapter provides a etio-pathogenesis along with symptomatology, prognosis and classification of the disease before delving into its detailed treatment. In therapeutic chapters a general pattern is adopted to describe the management: The first principle of treatment (chikitsa sutra) of that particular disease is given in terms of langhana or brimhana, snehana or rukshana, svedana or stambhana and concerned measures of shodhana followed by their judicious use in particular state and stage of the disease. It is followed by description of single or compound preparations along with their constituents, method of preparation and indications. The drugs are mentioned in the form of fresh juice and paste, powder, tablet, decoctions, avaleha (jam), asava (fermented preparations mainly from juices), arishta (fermented preparations mainly from decoctions), medicated ghee and oil etc.
Specialities of Ayurveda therapeutics
The medical therapeutics today has been classified into many branches focused on a defined group of patients, diseases, skills, or philosophy.[2]. Each chapter in this section deals with a separate specialty. Being primarily a treatise of kayachikitsa (medicine), twenty three chapters in the Chikitsa Sthana deal with medical therapeutics. Other aspects of therapeutics like preservation and promotion of physical, mental,spiritual and sexual health is dealt in the first two chapters of Rasayana and Vajikarana. The chapter Dwivraniya Chikitsa pertains to wound management and briefs about surgical procedures (shalya). The chapter Visha Chikitsa on the management of poisoning (visha) deals with agada-tantra (toxicology). In Ayurveda, psychiatry is dealt with under the heading of bhuta-vidya and two chapters - 9th and 10th - deal with Unmada Chikitsa and Apasmara Chikitsa focus on this aspect of medicine. Finally, the 30th chapter Yonivyapat Chikitsa describes miscellaneous matters including the gynecological disorders (yonivyapat) and pediatrics (kaumarabhritya).
Glimpses of chapters
Eight groups of major diseases were described in Nidana Sthana, each representing one specific clinical feature from diagnostic point of view. Management of those eight diseases is explained in detail from the third to the tenth chapter.
Thus, there are thirty chapters in Chikitsa Sthana:
The first chapter is on Rasayana (rejuvenation therapy) , further divided into four sections (or sub-chapters). The chapter describes a number of medicine preparations by means of which one can prevent and retard aging and live a longer, happier life. Rasayana measures promote physical and mental health and provide general immunity to prevent diseases as well as strength to the tissues to be able to fight diseases effectively. Thus this chapter highlights principles of geriatrics and old age care as well as prevention of ageing process.
The second chapter, on Vajikarana, also comprises of four sub-chapters and deals with enhancing sexual health in healthy persons, consequently leading to healthy progeny. The chapter reveals principles of aphrodisiac medicines.
The management of jwara (fever) associated diseases are described in the 3rd chapter, Jwara Chikitsa. It includes therapeutic measures for acute and chronic fever, continuous, intermittent, malarial and seasonal fevers, mild, moderate and severe fevers, fever with or without ama, fevers occurring from one, two or three combination of dosha, fever occurring in dhatu and so on. All the aspects affecting treatment and prognosis of various types of fever are also described. This chapter describes principles related with thermo-regulatory mechanisms in the body.
The fourth chapter deals with the management of bleeding disorders under the heading of Raktapitta Chikitsa, which is of two types i.e. bleeding from the upper and lower channels. Principles of blood tissue and its disorders are referred in this chapter.
The fifth chapter,Gulma Chikitsa describes protuberance of abdomen under two headings, local and generalized. Local lump like enlargement in abdominal cavity is termed as gulma and is of five types which includes simple gas phantom to new growth and their treatment. Principles of treatment of swellings in abdomen
Urinary diseases are described according to the presenting symptoms of excessive urine or scanty urine with difficulty/pain. Sixth chapter deals with the treatment of urinary problems with presenting sign of excessive urine under the heading of Prameha Chikitsa which is of twenty types and includes madhumeha (diabetes mellitus).
The management of eighteen types of kushtha (skin diseases including leprosy) is described in the 7th chapter Kushtha Chikitsa. Chronic non-purulent bacterial, fungal and allergic skin disorders are described under this heading. These disorders are further divided into two groups viz. 11 types of kshudra kushtha (minor skin diseases) and 7 types of mahakushtha (major skin disorders).
Rajayakshma (Tuberculosis) has been a problem since time immemorial and according to its etio-pathogenesis it is classified into four types and its detailed treatment is described in the 8th chapter.
Bhuta-vidya (psychological diseases); Ninth chapter describes the management of unmada (insanity/psychotic disorders).
The tenth chapter deals with the management of epilepsy described under the heading of apasmara.
Kshata-kshina occurs by indulgence in activities beyond one’s strength or cruel activities such as bull fighting leading to ulcer in chest, bleeding and cachexia is described in 11th chapter.
Three groups of diseases with swelling (utsedha), edema and inflammation occurring in the skin and glands are described under the heading of shotha in the 12th chapter.
The conditions leading to generalized enlargement of abdomen such as ascites, splenomegaly are described in 13th chapter under the heading of udara roga.
Various types of hemorrhoids and warts etc. are described along with their treatment in the 14th chapter.
Grahani (mal-absorption) and its management is explained in the 15th chapter. Various processes of digestion, metabolism leading to the formation of dhatu and mala are also described.
Two diseases caused mainly by involvement of rakta viz. pandu roga (anemia) and kamala (jaundice) are described in 16th chapter.
Five types of disorders having presentation of dyspnea are explained in 17th chapter along with five types of hiccough.
Other diseases of respiratory system viz.
- Cough (kasa) is described in 18th chapter and
- Diarrheal disorders (atisara) are described in 19th chapter.
- Vomiting (chhardi) has been devoted a full 20th chapter.
- Various types of inflammatory skin conditions such as erysipelas are described under the heading of visarpa in Chapter 21.
- Various conditions manifested in the form of thirst (trishna) are described in Chapter 22.
- Chapter 23 is on the management of poisoning (visha) relating with agada-tantra (toxicology).
- Alcoholism was a major problem in ancient India and the management of its various acute and chronic stages and complications are tackled in Chapter 24 under the heading of madatyaya.
- Chapter 25 pertains to vrana chikitsa (wound management) and surgical disorders (shalya)
- Chapter 26 describes other gastrointestinal diseases such as udavarta, annaha (distension of abdomen), aruchi (anorexia) etc. The urinary problems with scanty urine occurring with difficulty and accompanied with burning sensation or pain are also described under the heading of mutra-krichhra and ashmari. Management of other diseases, pertaining to five types of heart diseases and ear, nose, throat and scalp diseases with passing reference to eye diseases.
- Disorders of spinal neuro muscular degeneration or Urustambha are described in Chapter 27.
- Various nervous system and related disorders including joints (sandhi-gata-vata, avabahuka etc), stroke and their managements are described in Chapter 28, under the caption of vata-vyadhi.
- Chapter 29, under the heading of vatarakta,deals with gout but other joint disorders and condition resembling thrombo angitis obliterans is described.
- Chapter 30 (Yonivyapat Chikitsa) describes miscellaneous matters including the gynecological disorders and children diseases (kaumarabhritya).
- ↑ Available from http://spokensanskrit.org/index.php?tran_input=cikitsA&direct=se&script=hk&link=yes&mode=3
- ↑ Specialties of Medical Practice available from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specialty_(medicine) retrieved on April 24, 2019