Changes

===Synonyms===  

===Synonyms===  

'<nowiki/>''Praman and pariksha'''[iii]'<nowiki/>'''''

'''Praman and pariksha''<ref>Gangadhar Commentary on Charak Samhita Sutrasthana, Taistraishaniya Adhyaya, 11/17, reprinted 2020, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, page no 70.</ref>

1. Examination or assessment tools (pariksha)

1. Examination or assessment tools (pariksha)

<nowiki>*</nowiki>Third, fourth and little toe are successively one-fifth shorter than the previous toe.

<nowiki>*</nowiki>Third, fourth and little toe are successively one-fifth shorter than the previous toe.

     **Length of cornea= 1/3^rd length of middle portion of eye

 **Length of cornea= 1/3^rd length of middle portion of eye

   Length of pupil=1/9^th length of cornea

   Length of pupil=1/9^th length of cornea

Ø  Certain differences are observed in the measurements of a human body via anguli pramana. The measurements described by the two Ayurveda scholars are the approximations of body parts of an ideal person. But criteria of idealness vary from person to person. For a person who is native of plains, a long height may be an ideal height. While for a person who is native of hilly areas, shorter height may be the ideal height. This difference in opinion may be the reason of variation in anguli pramana of Charak and Sushrut.

Ø  Certain differences are observed in the measurements of a human body via anguli pramana. The measurements described by the two Ayurveda scholars are the approximations of body parts of an ideal person. But criteria of idealness vary from person to person. For a person who is native of plains, a long height may be an ideal height. While for a person who is native of hilly areas, shorter height may be the ideal height. This difference in opinion may be the reason of variation in anguli pramana of Charak and Sushrut.

Ø  Dimensional analysis of the oldest engineered caves at the Barabar and Nagarjuni hills (dated to the Mauryan Period) has revealed that the basic length measure of one angula of that period was 1.763 cm.[iv] Although recent studies suggest that the breadth of finger can be approximated as 3⁄4^th of an inch or 1⁄16^th of a foot.[v] [vi]

Ø  Dimensional analysis of the oldest engineered caves at the Barabar and Nagarjuni hills (dated to the Mauryan Period) has revealed that the basic length measure of one angula of that period was 1.763 cm.<ref>Balasubramanian, R. (10 September 2009). "New Insights on metrology during Maurya period". ''Current Science''. '''97'''</ref> Although recent studies suggest that the breadth of finger can be approximated as 3⁄4^th of an inch or 1⁄16^th of a foot.<ref>Noah Webster; John Walker (1830). ''American dictionary of the English language''. digit: Converse. p. 247.</ref><ref>Ronald Edward Zupko (1985). ''A dictionary of weights and measures for the British Isles: the Middle Ages to the twentieth century''. American Philosophical Society. pp. 109–10. ISBN 978-0-87169-168-2</ref>

Ayurveda scholars described the volume of certain body components in anjali pramana. The quantities mentioned are their maximum normal quantity.  A study conducted in India found that the measure of one anjali for a woman is approximately 100 ml & for a man is approximately 135 ml.<ref>Gadgil, Neha & Kulkarni, Akshar. (2019). An observational study to quantify the measure of Anjali Pramana -A pilot study. 1 Neha Dattatraya Gadgil, and.</ref>

 

Ayurveda scholars described the volume of certain body components in anjali pramana. The quantities mentioned are their maximum normal quantity.  A study conducted in India found that the measure of one anjali for a woman is approximately 100 ml & for a man is approximately 135 ml.[vii]

'''Table 3: Measurements of body components in swa-anjali pramana''' [Cha. Sa. [[Sutra Sthana|Sharir Sthana]] 7/115]  

'''Table 3: Measurements of body components in swa-anjali pramana''' [Cha. Sa. [[Sutra Sthana|Sharir Sthana]] 7/115]  

'''2.     Spreading Caliper:''' Spreading Caliper is used to measure dimensions of the head and selected body width or depth dimensions in children (e.g. biacromial width, biiliocristal width, bispinal width, bitrochanteric width, transverse width of chest, biepicondylar width of humerus, biepicondylar width of femur).  

'''2.     Spreading Caliper:''' Spreading Caliper is used to measure dimensions of the head and selected body width or depth dimensions in children (e.g. biacromial width, biiliocristal width, bispinal width, bitrochanteric width, transverse width of chest, biepicondylar width of humerus, biepicondylar width of femur).  

====3.     Pelvimeter:               Pelvimeter used for measuring the width and depth dimensions of the adult population.

'''3.     Pelvimeter:'''  Pelvimeter used for measuring the width and depth dimensions of the adult population.

====4.     Modified  Thoracometer:               The instrument primarily serves for easy determination of the length of the foot. While measuring the foot length, the subject stands with his/her feet slightly apart, with the weight distributed evenly on both legs. The axis of the instrument is parallel to the inner edge of the foot, the bent toes need to be pressed against the floor.====

====4.     Modified  Thoracometer:   The instrument primarily serves for easy determination of the length of the foot. While measuring the foot length, the subject stands with his/her feet slightly apart, with the weight distributed evenly on both legs. The axis of the instrument is parallel to the inner edge of the foot, the bent toes need to be pressed against the floor.====

====5.      Small height rod: This instrument is primarily designated to determine selectedvertical dimensions of the lower extremity (e.g. sphyrion height).====

====5.      Small height rod: This instrument is primarily designated to determine selectedvertical dimensions of the lower extremity (e.g. sphyrion height).====