Changes

'''Ghee/Oil'''

'''Ghee/Oil'''

Kalyanaka ghrita [Sahasrayoga 2/81], Mahakalyanaka ghrita [Sahasrayoga 2/82], Saraswata ghrita [Sahasrayoga 2/92], Sarvamayantaka ghrita [Sahasrayoga 2/97], Dhanwantara taila [Sahasrayoga 3/109], Narayana taila [Bhaishajya Ratnavali Vatavyadhi 140-150], Mahanarayana taila [Bhaishajya Ratnavali. Vatavyadhi. 151-162], Ksheerabala taila [Sahasrayoga 3/110], Prabhanjana vimardana taila [Sahasrayoga 3/7], Bala-aswagandhadi taila [Sahasrayoga 13/117], Sahacharadi taila [Sahasrayoga 3/131], Bala taila [Sahasrayoga 3/68], Prasarini taila [Sahasrayoga 3/69], Erandataila [Ca.Sa. Sutra Sthana 13/12(1)], Gandharvahastadi erandataila [Sahasrayoga 1/59(4)].

Kalyanaka ghrita [Sahasrayoga 2/81]<ref name=":3" />, Mahakalyanaka ghrita [Sahasrayoga 2/82]<ref name=":3" />, Saraswata ghrita [Sahasrayoga 2/92]<ref name=":3" />, Sarvamayantaka ghrita [Sahasrayoga 2/97]<ref name=":3" />, Dhanwantara taila [Sahasrayoga 3/109]<ref name=":3" />, Narayana taila [Bhaishajya Ratnavali Vatavyadhi 140-150], Mahanarayana taila [Bhaishajya Ratnavali. Vatavyadhi. 151-162], Ksheerabala taila [Sahasrayoga 3/110]<ref name=":3" />, Prabhanjana vimardana taila [Sahasrayoga 3/7]<ref name=":3" />, Bala-aswagandhadi taila [Sahasrayoga 13/117]<ref name=":3" />, Sahacharadi taila [Sahasrayoga 3/131]<ref name=":3" />, Bala taila [Sahasrayoga 3/68]<ref name=":3" />, Prasarini taila [Sahasrayoga 3/69]<ref name=":3" />, Erandataila [Ca.Sa. Sutra Sthana 13/12(1)]<ref name=":3" />, Gandharvahastadi erandataila [Sahasrayoga 1/59(4)]<ref name=":3" />.

'''Avaleha'''

'''Avaleha'''

'''Ksheerapaka'''

'''Ksheerapaka'''

Lasuna ksheerapaka [Ca.Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 5/94-95], Prasarinyadi ksheera Kashaya [Sahasrayoga 1/59(1)], Masha athmagupthadi ksheera (nasapana) [Chakradatta. Vatavyadi 27], mashabaladi kwatha [Bhaishajya Ratnavali. Vatavyadhi adhikara 62-63]  

Lasuna ksheerapaka [Ca.Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 5/94-95], Prasarinyadi ksheera Kashaya [Sahasrayoga 1/59(1)]<ref name=":3" />, Masha athmagupthadi ksheera (nasapana) [Chakradatta. Vatavyadi 27], mashabaladi kwatha [Bhaishajya Ratnavali. Vatavyadhi adhikara 62-63]  

'''Research on Ayurvedic formulations'''

'''Research on Ayurvedic formulations'''

In a study involving 40 patients afflicted with post stroke aphasia, kalyana leha is found more effective than speech therapy on auditory and verbal comprehension as well as naming.^[6]

In a study involving 40 patients afflicted with post stroke aphasia, kalyana leha is found more effective than speech therapy on auditory and verbal comprehension as well as naming.<ref>Priyanka Patel (2017): A randomized controlled clinical trial on kalyana leha in the management of post stroke aphasia. Department of Kayachiktsa, Parul Institute of Ayurved, Limda.</ref>

'''Research on Ayurvedic treatments'''

'''Research on Ayurvedic treatments'''

A comparative clinical study was conducted among 31 patients of pakshaghata between virechana group and koshtha shuddhi group. Both of these groups have shown marked to moderate improvements in patients with a better percentage wise improvement in the virechana group.^[7]

A comparative clinical study was conducted among 31 patients of pakshaghata between virechana group and koshtha shuddhi group. Both of these groups have shown marked to moderate improvements in patients with a better percentage wise improvement in the virechana group.<ref>Pandya Asutosh (2003): A comparative study of Virechana Karma and Sramsana in the management of Pakshaghata.Department of Panchakarma, ITRA, Jamnagar.</ref>

A comparative study was done between snehayuktha virechana (therapeutic unctuous purgation) followed by shamana (pacification therapy) using ekangaveer rasa and shamana alone. Using Ekangaveer rasa among 30 patients of pakshaghata, it is evident that virechana followed by shamana is far more effective than shamana only in all aspects.^[8]

A comparative study was done between snehayuktha virechana (therapeutic unctuous purgation) followed by shamana (pacification therapy) using ekangaveer rasa and shamana alone. Using Ekangaveer rasa among 30 patients of pakshaghata, it is evident that virechana followed by shamana is far more effective than shamana only in all aspects.<ref>Tripti Lokesh (2013): A comparative study of virechana (snehayukta virechana) & shamana chikitsa in pakshaghata. Department of panchakarma, Govt.Akhandanand Ayurveda college, Ahmedabad.</ref>

A comparative clinical trial for comparing the effect of kala basti and virechana in pakshaghata was conducted in 25 patients. Kala basti group has shown better improvement in outcomes compared to the virechana group.^[9]

A comparative clinical trial for comparing the effect of kala basti and virechana in pakshaghata was conducted in 25 patients. Kala basti group has shown better improvement in outcomes compared to the virechana group.<ref>Vimal M Vekariya (2008): comparative study of virechana karma and kala basti in the management of pakshaghata. Department of Panchakarma, ITRA, Jamnagar.</ref>

In a clinical study involving 10 patients of pakshaghata, the treatments like abhyanga, sarvanga shashtikashali pinda sweda and rajayapana basti were administered consecutively. It has shown significant improvements in vakstambha, padasankocha, hastakankocha, shula and Cheshta nivritti.^[10]

In a clinical study involving 10 patients of pakshaghata, the treatments like abhyanga, sarvanga shashtikashali pinda sweda and rajayapana basti were administered consecutively. It has shown significant improvements in vakstambha, padasankocha, hastakankocha, shula and Cheshta nivritti.<ref>Manasa T. V, Kiran M. Goud, Lolashri S. J. (2019). A clinical study to evaluate the efficacy of rajayapana basti in pakshaghata. IAMJ: Volume 7, Issue 3, March - 2019 (www.iamj.in).</ref>

In a comparative clinical study conducted among 40 patients, kalabasti with dasamoola kashaya, yavanyadi kalka, and sahacharadi taila has shown better improvement both in subjective and objective parameters as compared to the group of nasya (nasal medication) with karpasasthyadi taila and group with samana (pacification) drugs only.^[11]

In a comparative clinical study conducted among 40 patients, kalabasti with dasamoola kashaya, yavanyadi kalka, and sahacharadi taila has shown better improvement both in subjective and objective parameters as compared to the group of nasya (nasal medication) with karpasasthyadi taila and group with samana (pacification) drugs only.<ref>Dr. Sayeda Nikhat Inamdar, Dr. Prashanth A S, Dr. Rahul kumar. Clinical evaluation of basti and nasya in pakshaghata (hemiplegia). PIJAR/July-August-17/volume 1/Issue-6, ISSN:2456:4354

 

</ref>

'''Case reports'''

'''Case reports'''

'''1.''' A case study of 63 years old male patient who has weakness on his left side of body and unable to walk was published. His diagnosis was haemorrhagic stroke presenting with left sided hemiplegia with acute intraparenchymal haemorrhage in C.T. brain. The Ayurvedic diagnosis of pakshaghata was made and managed with treatment principle which is mentioned by Acharya Charak.  Snehana, swedana and mridu virechana along with panchakarma procedures like shirodhara, shiropichu and basti for 21 days. Samshamana aushadhis (oral medicines) and physiotherapy were adopted at various stages of the diseases. Maximum improvement was noticed in upper and lower extremity functions at the end of the treatment. Patient showed remarkable recovery in speech ability and mobility.^[12]

'''1.''' A case study of 63 years old male patient who has weakness on his left side of body and unable to walk was published. His diagnosis was haemorrhagic stroke presenting with left sided hemiplegia with acute intraparenchymal haemorrhage in C.T. brain. The Ayurvedic diagnosis of pakshaghata was made and managed with treatment principle which is mentioned by Acharya Charak.  Snehana, swedana and mridu virechana along with panchakarma procedures like shirodhara, shiropichu and basti for 21 days. Samshamana aushadhis (oral medicines) and physiotherapy were adopted at various stages of the diseases. Maximum improvement was noticed in upper and lower extremity functions at the end of the treatment. Patient showed remarkable recovery in speech ability and mobility.<ref>Mohan, V., B, D., & Deva, S. (2021). Ayurvedic Management of Pakshaghata (Left Hemiplegia) – A Case study. International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine, 12(3), 733–741. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.47552/ijam.v12i3.1954</nowiki></ref>

 

'''2.''' In a case report of a 77-year-old male patient with complaints of sudden weakness in right side of the body including face, inability to stand, walk, slurring of speech in the past 2 days. The main treatments given are dhanyamladhara, abhyanga, shashtika shali pinda sweda, matra basti, nasya, tailadhara along with shamana aushadhis in the above-mentioned order. The patients’ muscle power, tone, strength improved greatly and deep tendon reflexes regained the normal status. Patient was able to walk without any support at the end of treatment.^[13]

'''3.'''  A case on management of stroke of a male patient aged 40 years with chief complaints of loss of function of the left upper & lower limb is repored. He was a diagnosed case of stroke based on clinical presentation and brain computed tomography-scan. In the case, Ayurveda medications were found to be effective in providing relief in chief complaint with improvement of overall health of the patient. Treatment protocol was snehana, swedana, mridu virechana, basti karma, murdhni taila (shirodhara) along with internal medication which is mentioned by Acharya Sushruta.^[14]

'''2.''' In a case report of a 77-year-old male patient with complaints of sudden weakness in right side of the body including face, inability to stand, walk, slurring of speech in the past 2 days. The main treatments given are dhanyamladhara, abhyanga, shashtika shali pinda sweda, matra basti, nasya, tailadhara along with shamana aushadhis in the above-mentioned order. The patients’ muscle power, tone, strength improved greatly and deep tendon reflexes regained the normal status. Patient was able to walk without any support at the end of treatment.<ref>Karthikeya Prasad, Manjusri. (2022). Pakshaghata – A case study. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Applications. Volume 7, Issue 6 Nov-Dec 2022, pp: 687-690 www.ijprajournal.com ISSN: 2456-4494.</ref>

'''3.'''  A case on management of stroke of a male patient aged 40 years with chief complaints of loss of function of the left upper & lower limb is repored. He was a diagnosed case of stroke based on clinical presentation and brain computed tomography-scan. In the case, Ayurveda medications were found to be effective in providing relief in chief complaint with improvement of overall health of the patient. Treatment protocol was snehana, swedana, mridu virechana, basti karma, murdhni taila (shirodhara) along with internal medication which is mentioned by Acharya Sushruta.<ref>Santhosh kumar Bhatted, Uttamram Yadav. (2020). Treatment Protocol of Stroke (Pakshaghata) Through Ayurveda Medicine -A Case Study. International Journal of Health Sciences and Research. Vol.10; Issue: 1; January 2020 Website: www.ijhsr.org Case Study ISSN: 2249-9571.</ref>

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