Changes

|title=Asthapana basti

|title=Asthapana basti

|titlemode=append

|titlemode=append

|keywords=Asthapana basti,niruha basti, kashaya basti, Adarsh P. M., Deole Y.S., Basisht G., Types of asthapana basti, Mridu asthapana basti (mild potency), Teekshna asthapana basti (strong potency), Utkleshana basti, Doshahara basti, Dosha shamana basti, Yapana basti, Piccha basti (enema for  healing), Ksheera basti (enema with medicated milk), Rakta basti (enema with animal blood), Doshaghna basti, Vataghna basti, Pittaghna basti, Kaphaghna basti, Rakta shamana basti, Shodhana basti, Lekhana basti, Brimhana basti, Grahi basti, Madhutailika basti, Yuktaratha basti, Siddha basti, Vaitarana basti, Ksheera vaitarana basti, Ardhamatrika basti, Vrishya basti, Chakshushya basti, Churna basti, Indications of asthapana basti, Ingredients of niruha basti, Procedure of administration of asthapana basti

|keywords=Asthapana basti,niruha basti, [[Kashaya|kashaya]] basti, Adarsh P. M., Deole Y.S., Basisht G., Types of asthapana basti, Mridu asthapana basti (mild potency), Teekshna asthapana basti (strong potency), Utkleshana basti, Doshahara basti, Dosha shamana basti, Yapana basti, Piccha basti (enema for  healing), Ksheera basti (enema with medicated milk), Rakta basti (enema with animal blood), Doshaghna basti, Vataghna basti, Pittaghna basti, Kaphaghna basti, Rakta shamana basti, Shodhana basti, Lekhana basti, Brimhana basti, Grahi basti, Madhutailika basti, Yuktaratha basti, Siddha basti, Vaitarana basti, Ksheera vaitarana basti, Ardhamatrika basti, Vrishya basti, Chakshushya basti, Churna basti, Indications of asthapana basti, Ingredients of niruha basti, Procedure of administration of asthapana basti

|description=Asthapana basti or niruha basti (therapeutic decoction enema) is a prime treatment for disorders due to vitiation of vata dosha.

|description=Asthapana basti or niruha basti (therapeutic decoction enema) is a prime treatment for disorders due to vitiation of vata dosha.

|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg

|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg

|type=article

|type=article

}}

}}

<p style="text-align:justify;">Asthapana basti or niruha basti (therapeutic decoction enema) is a prime treatment for disorders due to vitiation of [[Vata dosha|vata dosha]]. It can expel out the increased [[Dosha|dosha]]. [Cha.Sa. [[Siddhi Sthana|Siddhi Sthana]] 1/27]<ref name="ref1">Charak. Charak Samhita. Edited by Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya. 1st ed. Varanasi:    Krishnadas Academy;2000.</ref> Niruha basti (therapeutic decoction enema) can pacify [[Vata dosha|vata]] at its root i.e. colon. Thus, it protects the whole [[Sharira|body]] from [[Vyadhi|diseases]] due to [[Vata dosha|vata dosha]]. Both asthapana (therapeutic decoction enema) and [[Virechana|virechana]] (therapeutic purgation) remove the [[Dosha|doshas]] from the [[Sharira|body]] through the colon. Asthapana basti (therapeutic decoction enema) has the advantage of eliminating [[Dosha|dosha]] without causing difficulties like belching, pain in the heart region and koshtha (gut). [Cha.Sa. [[Siddhi Sthana|Siddhi Sthana]] 10/07]<ref name="ref1"/> Niruha (therapeutic decoction enema) can be administered in weak persons, where [[Virechana|virechana]] is contraindicated. (therapeutic purgation) [Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 28/86]<ref name="ref1"/> [[Virechana|Virechana]] (therapeutic purgation) is contraindicated in children and old people, whereas asthapana (therapeutic decoction enema) can be used for lifetime. [Cha.Sa. [[Siddhi Sthana|Siddhi Sthana]] 10/07]<ref name="ref1"/> This chapter focuses on the concept and practices of asthapana basti (therapeutic decoction enema).</p>

<p style="text-align:justify;">Asthapana basti or niruha basti (therapeutic decoction enema) is a prime treatment for disorders due to vitiation of [[Vata dosha|vata dosha]]. It can expel out the increased [[Dosha|dosha]]. [Cha.Sa. [[Siddhi Sthana|Siddhi Sthana]] 1/27]<ref name="ref1">Charak. Charak Samhita. Edited by Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya. 1st ed. Varanasi:    Krishnadas Academy;2000.</ref> Niruha basti (therapeutic decoction enema) can pacify [[Vata dosha|vata]] at its root i.e. colon. Thus, it protects the whole [[Sharira|body]] from [[Vyadhi|diseases]] due to [[Vata dosha|vata dosha]]. Both asthapana (therapeutic decoction enema) and [[Virechana|virechana]] (therapeutic purgation) remove the [[Dosha|doshas]] from the [[Sharira|body]] through the colon. Asthapana basti (therapeutic decoction enema) has the advantage of eliminating [[Dosha|dosha]] without causing difficulties like belching, pain in the heart region and [[Koshtha|koshtha]] (gut). [Cha.Sa. [[Siddhi Sthana|Siddhi Sthana]] 10/07]<ref name="ref1"/> Niruha (therapeutic decoction enema) can be administered in weak persons, where [[Virechana|virechana]] is contraindicated. (therapeutic purgation) [Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 28/86]<ref name="ref1"/> [[Virechana|Virechana]] (therapeutic purgation) is contraindicated in children and old people, whereas asthapana (therapeutic decoction enema) can be used for lifetime. [Cha.Sa. [[Siddhi Sthana|Siddhi Sthana]] 10/07]<ref name="ref1"/> This chapter focuses on the concept and practices of asthapana basti (therapeutic decoction enema).</p>

{{Infobox

{{Infobox

== Etymology and derivation ==

== Etymology and derivation ==

<p style="text-align:justify;">Asthapana: The word asthapana is derived from aan, stha with lyut suffix in Sanskrit. This means to stay in one place (for longer time). Asthapana prevents the aging process by fixing the malfunctioning [[Dosha|dosha]].<ref name="ref2">www.wisdomlib.org. Asthapana, Āsthāpana: 7 definitions [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2023 July 31st]. Available from https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/asthapana.</ref> <br/>Niruha: The word niruha is derived from nir (निर्) (privative)+ uha (ऊहा) (reasoning)+ karane (करणे घञ्). Thus, the word niruha stands for the treatment whose effect is beyond reasoning (or effective without any doubt). <br/><br/><b>Synonyms: </b>Asthapana basti, niruha basti, kashaya basti</p>

<p style="text-align:justify;">Asthapana: The word asthapana is derived from aan, stha with lyut suffix in Sanskrit. This means to stay in one place (for longer time). Asthapana prevents the aging process by fixing the malfunctioning [[Dosha|dosha]].<ref name="ref2">www.wisdomlib.org. Asthapana, Āsthāpana: 7 definitions [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2023 July 31st]. Available from https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/asthapana.</ref> <br/>Niruha: The word niruha is derived from nir (निर्) (privative)+ uha (ऊहा) (reasoning)+ karane (करणे घञ्). Thus, the word niruha stands for the treatment whose effect is beyond reasoning (or effective without any doubt). <br/><br/><b>Synonyms: </b>Asthapana basti, niruha basti, [[Kashaya|kashaya]] basti</p>

== Types of asthapana basti ==

== Types of asthapana basti ==

== Importance in the preservation of health and prevention ==

== Importance in the preservation of health and prevention ==

<p style="text-align:justify;">Therapeutic enema is advised in healthy individuals during the rainy season where there is vitiation of all three doshas [A. Hri. Sutra Sthana 3/42]<ref name="ref6" />, after the administration of vamana (therapeutic emesis) and [[Virechana|virechana]] (therapeutic purgation). [A. Hri. Sutra Sthana 3/45]<ref name="ref6" /></p>

<p style="text-align:justify;">Therapeutic enema is advised in healthy individuals during the rainy season where there is vitiation of all three doshas [A. Hri. [[Sutra Sthana|Sutra Sthana]] 3/42]<ref name="ref6" />, after the administration of [[Vamana|vamana (therapeutic emesis)]] and [[Virechana|virechana]] (therapeutic purgation). [A. Hri. [[Sutra Sthana|Sutra Sthana]] 3/45]<ref name="ref6" /></p>

== Importance in the management of diseases ==

== Importance in the management of diseases ==

<ul style="text-align:justify;"><li>[[Basti|Basti (therapeutic enema)]] therapy (asthapana and anuvasana) is the most important among the therapies for treating [[Vata dosha|vata dosha]] disorders. It enters the intestine (pakvashaya) after the administration cuts the root of aggravation of [[Vata dosha|vata]] and thereby it pacifies [[Vata dosha|vata]] all over the [[Sharira|body]]. Its effect is like cutting the root of a tree ([[Vyadhi|disease]]) will destroy the whole tree ([[Vyadhi|disease]]). [Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/13]<ref name="ref1" /></li>

<ul style="text-align:justify;"><li>[[Basti|Basti (therapeutic enema)]] therapy (asthapana and [[Anuvasana|anuvasana]]) is the most important among the therapies for treating [[Vata dosha|vata dosha]] disorders. It enters the intestine (pakvashaya) after the administration cuts the root of aggravation of [[Vata dosha|vata]] and thereby it pacifies [[Vata dosha|vata]] all over the [[Sharira|body]]. Its effect is like cutting the root of a tree ([[Vyadhi|disease]]) will destroy the whole tree ([[Vyadhi|disease]]). [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana|Sutra Sthana]] 20/13]<ref name="ref1" /></li>

<li>[[Basti|Basti (therapeutic enema)]], in general, is helpful in the prevention of aging, and it produces health, strength, proper digestion, intelligence, voice, and complexion.</li>

<li>[[Basti|Basti (therapeutic enema)]], in general, is helpful in the prevention of aging, and it produces health, strength, proper digestion, intelligence, voice, and complexion.</li>

<li>It is recommended for both children and old age as it effectively cures [[Vyadhi|diseases]] without causing complications.</li>

<li>It is recommended for both children and old age as it effectively cures [[Vyadhi|diseases]] without causing complications.</li>

<li>It removes the vit (stool), shleshma, [[Pitta dosha|pitta]] and [[Vata dosha|vata dosha]] from the [[Sharira|body]].</li>

<li>It removes the vit (stool), [[Shleshma|shleshma]], [[Pitta dosha|pitta]] and [[Vata dosha|vata dosha]] from the [[Sharira|body]].</li>

<li>It provides compactness to the [[Sharira|body]] and strength to shukra dhatu (the 6^th basic structural element of the [[Sharira|body]]).</li>

<li>It provides compactness to the [[Sharira|body]] and strength to [[Shukra dhatu|shukra dhatu]] (the 6^th basic structural element of the [[Sharira|body]]).</li>

<li>It removes [[Dosha|doshas]] from the [[Sharira|body’s]] channels and thus pacifies all [[Vyadhi|diseases]]. [Cha.Sa. [[Siddhi Sthana|Siddhi Sthana]] 1/27]<ref name="ref1" /></li>

<li>It removes [[Dosha|doshas]] from the [[Sharira|body’s]] channels and thus pacifies all [[Vyadhi|diseases]]. [Cha.Sa. [[Siddhi Sthana|Siddhi Sthana]] 1/27]<ref name="ref1" /></li>

<li>Administration of niruha basti (therapeutic decoction enema) before anuvasana basti (therapeutic unctuous enema) clears the channels.. It helps properly transport unctuous substance (sneha) like the pipe which carries water when the impurities causing obstruction are removed. [Su.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 38/84]<ref name="ref3" /></li>

<li>Administration of niruha basti (therapeutic decoction enema) before [[Anuvasana|anuvasana basti (therapeutic unctuous enema)]] clears the channels.. It helps properly transport [[Snehana (unction therapy)|unctuous substance (sneha)]] like the pipe which carries water when the impurities causing obstruction are removed. [Su.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 38/84]<ref name="ref3" /></li>

<li>[[Basti|Basti]] (asthapana and anuvasana) is important as it is the prime treatment for [[Vata dosha|vata]]. [[Vata dosha|Vata]] is the reason for the [[Vyadhi|diseases]] originating in peripheral tissues (shakha), visceral organs (koshtha), vital points of the body (marma), upper part of the body (urdhva), entire body (sarvavayava) and individual parts of the body (anga). The same [[Vata dosha|vata]] is responsible for separating and combining stool, urine, [[Pitta dosha|pitta]], etc. at their sites. As [[Basti|basti]] is supreme in managing [[Vata dosha|vata]], it is said to be half of the entire therapeutics. [Cha.Sa. [[Siddhi Sthana|Siddhi Sthana]] 1/38-40]<ref name="ref1" /></li></ul>

<li>[[Basti|Basti]] (asthapana and [[Anuvasana|anuvasana]]) is important as it is the prime treatment for [[Vata dosha|vata]]. [[Vata dosha|Vata]] is the reason for the [[Vyadhi|diseases]] originating in peripheral tissues (shakha), visceral organs ([[Koshtha|koshtha]]), vital points of the body ([[Marma|marma]]), upper part of the body (urdhva), entire body (sarvavayava) and individual parts of the body (anga). The same [[Vata dosha|vata]] is responsible for separating and combining stool, urine, [[Pitta dosha|pitta]], etc. at their sites. As [[Basti|basti]] is supreme in managing [[Vata dosha|vata]], it is said to be half of the entire therapeutics. [Cha.Sa. [[Siddhi Sthana|Siddhi Sthana]] 1/38-40]<ref name="ref1" /></li></ul>

== Indications of asthapana basti ==

== Indications of asthapana basti ==

<li>Krimikoshtha – The gut infested with worms.</li>

<li>Krimikoshtha – The gut infested with worms.</li>

<li>Balavarnamamsaretaskshaya – depletion of strength, complexion, muscle, and sperms</li>

<li>Balavarnamamsaretaskshaya – depletion of strength, complexion, muscle, and sperms</li>

<li>[[Atisara Chikitsa|Atisara]] – Diarrhea without the involvement of metabolic dysfunction (ama)</li>

<li>[[Atisara Chikitsa|Atisara]] – Diarrhea without the involvement of metabolic dysfunction ([[Ama|ama]])</li>

<li>Udavarta - Upward movement of  [[Vata dosha|vata]] due to retention of stool and urine</li>

<li>Udavarta - Upward movement of  [[Vata dosha|vata]] due to retention of stool and urine</li>

<li>Parvabheda – Pain in joints</li>

<li>Parvabheda – Pain in joints</li>

<li>Pleeha - Splenomegaly</li>

<li>Pleeha - Splenomegaly</li>

<li>Abhitapa – Burning sensation</li>

<li>Abhitapa – Burning sensation</li>

<li>Gulma – A type of lump</li>

<li>[[Gulma Nidana|Gulma]] – A type of lump</li>

<li>Shula – Abdominal colic of different pathologies</li>

<li>Shula – Abdominal colic of different pathologies</li>

<li>Shirakarnashula – Pain on head and ear</li>

<li>Shirakarnashula – Pain on head and ear</li>

<li>Bhagandra – Fistula </li>

<li>Bhagandra – Fistula </li>

<li>Unmada - Insanity</li>

<li>[[Unmada Chikitsa|Unmada]] - Insanity</li>

<li>Jwara - Fever</li>

<li>[[Jwara Chikitsa|Jwara]] - Fever</li>

<li>Hrudaya parshva prushta katigraha – Pain over heart, sides of chest, lower back, and hip.</li>

<li>Hrudaya parshva prushta katigraha – Pain over heart, sides of chest, lower back, and hip.</li>

<li>Hrudroga – [[Vyadhi|Diseases]] affecting heart</li>

<li>Hrudroga – [[Vyadhi|Diseases]] affecting heart</li>

<li>Rajakshaya – loss of menstrual blood with burning</li>

<li>Rajakshaya – loss of menstrual blood with burning</li>

<li>Vishamagni – Irregular state of agni</li>

<li>Vishamagni – Irregular state of agni</li>

<li>Shosha - Emaciation</li>

<li>[[Shosha Nidana|Shosha]] - Emaciation</li>

<li>Bahu, anguli, stanantashula – Pain over arms, fingers, and middle of chest</li>

<li>Bahu, anguli, stanantashula – Pain over arms, fingers, and middle of chest</li>

<li>Stambha - Stiffness</li>

<li>[[Stambhana|Stambha]] - Stiffness</li>

<li>Antrakujana – Gurgling sound in the intestine</li>

<li>Antrakujana – Gurgling sound in the intestine</li>

<li>Parikartika – sharp cutting pain in anus</li>

<li>Parikartika – sharp cutting pain in anus</li>

<br/>Niruha basti is also indicated in following [[Vyadhi|diseases]]

<br/>Niruha basti is also indicated in following [[Vyadhi|diseases]]

<ul style="text-align:justify;"><li>Adhimantha - glaucoma</li>

<ul style="text-align:justify;"><li>Adhimantha - glaucoma</li>

<li>Ardita   - facial paralysis</li>

<li>Ardita - facial paralysis</li>

<li>Pakshaghata - hemiplegia</li>

<li>Pakshaghata - hemiplegia</li>

<li>Udara - obstinate disorders affecting the abdomen including Ascites.</li>

<li>[[Udara Chikitsa|Udara]] - obstinate disorders affecting the abdomen including Ascites.</li>

<li>Upadamsha -syphilis</li>

<li>Upadamsha - syphilis</li>

<li>Mutrakruchhra - dysuria</li>

<li>Mutrakruchhra - dysuria</li>

<li>Shukra artava stanya nasha: Depletion of semen, menstruation, and breast milk</li>

<li>Shukra artava stanya nasha: Depletion of semen, menstruation, and breast milk</li>

<li>Fainting</li>

<li>Fainting</li>

<li>Those who have undergone the process of purification any.</li>

<li>Those who have undergone the process of purification any.</li>

<li>Those whose life depends on the strength of morbid matter (agantu dosha) to survive [Cha.Sa. [[Siddhi Sthana|Siddhi Sthana]] .1/37]<ref name="ref1" /></li></ul>

<li>Those whose life depends on the strength of morbid matter ([[Agantu roga|agantu dosha]]) to survive [Cha.Sa. [[Siddhi Sthana|Siddhi Sthana]] .1/37]<ref name="ref1" /></li></ul>

== Ingredients of niruha basti ==

== Ingredients of niruha basti ==

<li>Oil/[[Ghee|ghee]]/unctuous substance (sneha): 288 ml (3 prasruta)</li>

<li>Oil/[[Ghee|ghee]]/unctuous substance (sneha): 288 ml (3 prasruta)</li>

<li>Medicinal paste (kalka): 96 gram (1 prasruta)</li>

<li>Medicinal paste (kalka): 96 gram (1 prasruta)</li>

<li>Decoction (kashaya): 384 ml (4 prasruta) to 480 ml (5 prasruta) *[Su.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 38/37-39]<ref name="ref3" /></li>

<li>Decoction ([[Kashaya|kashaya]]): 384 ml (4 prasruta) to 480 ml (5 prasruta) *[Su.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 38/37-39]<ref name="ref3" /></li>

<li>Additives (avapadravya): 192 ml (2 prasruta) [Cha.Sa. [[Siddhi Sthana|Siddhi Sthana]] 3/30]<ref name="ref1" /></li></ol>

<li>Additives (avapadravya): 192 ml (2 prasruta) [Cha.Sa. [[Siddhi Sthana|Siddhi Sthana]] 3/30]<ref name="ref1" /></li></ol>

The proportion of sneha (unctuous substance) and honey is based on [[Dosha|dosha]] association.

The proportion of sneha (unctuous substance) and honey is based on [[Dosha|dosha]] association.

|-

|-

|1  year

|1  year

|½ prasruta (48 ml)

|½ prasruta (48 ml)

|-

|-

|Increase  the dosage by ½ prasrutha each year till 12 years

|Increase  the dosage by ½ prasrutha each year till 12 years

|-

|-

|8  years

|8  years

|4 prastuta (384 ml)

|4 prastuta (384 ml)

|-

|-

|16  years

|16  years

|8  prasruta(768ml)

|8  prasruta (768ml)

|-

|-

|25  years and above up to 70 years

|25  years and above up to 70 years

|-

|-

|Above  70 years

|Above  70 years

|8 prasruta (768 ml)

|8 prasruta (768 ml)

|}

|}

[Su.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa sthana]] 35/7]<ref name="ref3" />

[Su.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa sthana]] 35/7]<ref name="ref3" />

== Procedure of administration of asthapana basti ==

== Procedure of administration of asthapana basti ==

<p style="text-align:justify;">The procedure of administration of [[Basti|basti]] can be divided into three stages like the samshodhana (therapeutic emesis and purgation) procedures. They are.</p>

<p style="text-align:justify;">The procedure of administration of [[Basti|basti]] can be divided into three stages like the [[Samshodhana|samshodhana]] (therapeutic emesis and purgation) procedures. They are.</p>

<ol style="text-align:justify;"><li>Pre therapeutic procedure (purvakarma)</li>

<ol style="text-align:justify;"><li>Pre therapeutic procedure (purvakarma)</li>

<li>Chief therapeutic procedure (pradhana karma)</li>

<li>Chief therapeutic procedure (pradhana karma)</li>

<li>The patient should be lying in an <span style="color:red">left lateral</span> position with his own arm as the pillow below head.</li>

<li>The patient should be lying in an <span style="color:red">left lateral</span> position with his own arm as the pillow below head.</li>

<li>The right leg should be flexed at the knee whereas the left leg should be in extended position.</li>

<li>The right leg should be flexed at the knee whereas the left leg should be in extended position.</li>

<li>The anal orifice (guda) should be lubricated and the 1/4th of the total length of the lubricated enema nozzle (which is equal to the distance from the tip of nozzle to the karnika at the tip) should be inserted in the same direction of the vertebral column.</li>

<li>The anal orifice ([[Guda|guda]]) should be lubricated and the 1/4th of the total length of the lubricated enema nozzle (which is equal to the distance from the tip of nozzle to the karnika at the tip) should be inserted in the same direction of the vertebral column.</li>

<li>The hand of the person giving enema should not be shaking during the insertion of the nozzle.</li>

<li>The hand of the person giving enema should not be shaking during the insertion of the nozzle.</li>

<li>Repeated squeezing of the enema bag is not favorable, and the nozzle should be withdrawn slowly and carefully.

<li>Repeated squeezing of the enema bag is not favorable, and the nozzle should be withdrawn slowly and carefully.

<li style="font-weight: bold;">Post therapeutic procedure (paschat karma)</li>

<li style="font-weight: bold;">Post therapeutic procedure (paschat karma)</li>

<ul><li>After the proper elimination of enema, the patient should have undergone bath with lukewarm water and take boiled rice with thin meat soup.</li>

<ul><li>After the proper elimination of enema, the patient should have undergone bath with lukewarm water and take boiled rice with thin meat soup.</li>

<li>The patient should be given anuvasana basti (therapeutic unctuous enema) with the oil (taila) having 1/4^th quantity of that of asthapana (therapeutic decoction enema) processed with drugs having the property to pacify [[Vata dosha|vata]] and having sour taste, for the nourishment of the [[Sharira|body]] after the digestion of the above-mentioned diet in the evening.

<li>The patient should be given [[Anuvasana|anuvasana basti (therapeutic unctuous enema)]] with the oil (taila) having 1/4^th quantity of that of asthapana (therapeutic decoction enema) processed with drugs having the property to pacify [[Vata dosha|vata]] and having sour taste, for the nourishment of the [[Sharira|body]] after the digestion of the above-mentioned diet in the evening.

[Cha.Sa. [[Siddhi Sthana|Siddhi Sthana]] 3/27-30]<ref name="ref1"/></li></ul></ol>

[Cha.Sa. [[Siddhi Sthana|Siddhi Sthana]] 3/27-30]<ref name="ref1"/></li></ul></ol>

== Number, adjuvant, and properties of niruha basti in different dosha involvement ==

== Number, adjuvant, and properties of niruha basti in different dosha involvement ==

{| class="wikitable"

{| class="wikitable"

|+'''    Table 5: Number, adjuvant, and properties of niruha basti in different doshas'''

|+ '''Table 5: Number, adjuvant, and properties of niruha basti in different doshas'''

!'''Dosha involvement'''

!'''Dosha involvement'''

!'''Adjuvant'''

!'''Adjuvant'''

|-

|-

|[[Vata dosha|Vata]]

|[[Vata dosha|Vata]]

|Meat soup (mamsa rasa)

|Meat soup (mamsa rasa)

|Unctuous  (snigdha), Hot in potency (ushna)

|Unctuous  (snigdha), Hot in potency (ushna)

|style="text-align:center;" |1

|style="text-align:center;" |1

* having less quantity of salt, unctuous substance  fluid part (drava dravya)  

* having less quantity of salt, unctuous substance  fluid part (drava dravya)  

* thick in nature

* thick in nature

* In patients having heaviness due to chronic constipation, [[Vata dosha|vata]] dominance and dry koshtha (Viscera).

* In patients having heaviness due to chronic constipation, [[Vata dosha|vata]] dominance and dry [[Koshtha|koshtha]] (Viscera).

|

|

* Increased abdominal heaviness,

* Increased abdominal heaviness,

* Use of extreme sharp and hot formulation in mridukoshtha  (delicate bowel nature)

* Use of extreme sharp and hot formulation in mridukoshtha  (delicate bowel nature)

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|

* Signs and symptoms same as that of atiyoga (exceeded  effect) mentioned in vamana (therapeutic emesis) and [[Virechana|virechana]] (therapeutic  purgation)

* Signs and symptoms same as that of atiyoga (exceeded  effect) mentioned in [[Vamana|vamana (therapeutic emesis)]] and [[Virechana|virechana]] (therapeutic  purgation)

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* Administration of decoction enema having the  

* Administration of decoction enema having the  

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* Abdominal distension

* Abdominal distension

* severe form of flatulence as if vital point (marma) is afflicted.

* severe form of flatulence as if vital point ([[Marma|marma]]) is afflicted.

* Burning sensation

* Burning sensation

* Heaviness of abdomen

* Heaviness of abdomen

* Suppository prepared out of shyamaphaladi yoga.

* Suppository prepared out of shyamaphaladi yoga.

* Bilvadi niruha basti  

* Bilvadi niruha basti  

* Anuvasana (Therapeutic unctuous enema) with  Sarala (Pinus longifolia) and devadaru (Cedrus deodara)

* [[Anuvasana|Anuvasana (Therapeutic unctuous enema)]] with  Sarala (Pinus longifolia) and devadaru (Cedrus deodara)

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|Hikka

|Hikka

* Pradhamana nasya (Nasal medication using  medicated powder)

* Pradhamana nasya (Nasal medication using  medicated powder)

* Dhumapana (medicated smoking) of purificatory  variety.

* Dhumapana (medicated smoking) of purificatory  variety.

* Anuvasana (therapeutic unctuous enema) with  teekshna anulomana drugs (sharp and directive)

* [[Anuvasana|Anuvasana (therapeutic unctuous enema)]] with  teekshna anulomana drugs (sharp and directive)

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|Angarti

|Angarti

* Niruha basti (Therapeutic decoction enema) with  dasamula and bilva thaila.

* Niruha basti (Therapeutic decoction enema) with  dasamula and bilva thaila.

* Avagaha (sudation by sitting in tub)

* Avagaha (sudation by sitting in tub)

* Anuvasana basti (Therapeutic unctuous enema) with yashti madhu taila or bilva thaila.

* [[Anuvasana|Anuvasana basti (Therapeutic unctuous enema)]] with yashti madhu taila or bilva thaila.

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|Parikartika

|Parikartika

<li>Clinically in patients treated with lekhana basti there was a decrease in s. cholesterol, s.low density lipoprotein and s. apolipoprotein B. There was a significant reduction in BMI, weight, [[Sharira|body]] fat storage etc. It was effective to a lesser extent on lipid profile than triphala guggulu.<ref name="ref20">Shital G Bhagiya (2015): A Comparative Clinical Study of Lekhana Basti and Shamana Sneha (Triphaladi Taila) In the Management of Sthaulya W.S.R. To Obesity.Department Of panchakarma, GAAC, Ahmedabad.</ref></li>

<li>Clinically in patients treated with lekhana basti there was a decrease in s. cholesterol, s.low density lipoprotein and s. apolipoprotein B. There was a significant reduction in BMI, weight, [[Sharira|body]] fat storage etc. It was effective to a lesser extent on lipid profile than triphala guggulu.<ref name="ref20">Shital G Bhagiya (2015): A Comparative Clinical Study of Lekhana Basti and Shamana Sneha (Triphaladi Taila) In the Management of Sthaulya W.S.R. To Obesity.Department Of panchakarma, GAAC, Ahmedabad.</ref></li>

<li>A comparative study between the effect of rectal administration and oral administration of the same group of drugs (guduchi bhadramustadi) have proved the higher efficacy of rectal administration for the management of sthoulya.<ref name="ref21">Hemal Kumar V Dodiya (2013): A comparative clinical study on the effect of Guduchi-Bhadramustadi yoga administered orally and by basti in the management of sthaulya w.s.r to obesity. Department of Panchakarma, IPGT&RA Jamnagar</ref></li>

<li>A comparative study between the effect of rectal administration and oral administration of the same group of drugs (guduchi bhadramustadi) have proved the higher efficacy of rectal administration for the management of sthoulya.<ref name="ref21">Hemal Kumar V Dodiya (2013): A comparative clinical study on the effect of Guduchi-Bhadramustadi yoga administered orally and by basti in the management of sthaulya w.s.r to obesity. Department of Panchakarma, IPGT&RA Jamnagar</ref></li>

<li>In a comparative study, vaitararana basti has shown marked improvement in 45% of patients of ghridrasi. Whereas siravyadha has shown marked improvement in 55% of patients. [[Vaitarana Basti|Vaitarana basti]] was found more effective than siravedha in stambha (stiffness), spandana (twitching), suptata (numbness), sakthikshephanigraha (SLR) and gaurava(heaviness).<ref name="ref22">Paikrao Sumedh Narayanrao (2014): A clinical study on siravedha and [[Vaitarana Basti|vaitarana basti]] in the management of gridhrasi with special reference to sciatica. Department of Panchakarma, IPGT&RA Jamnagar</ref></li>

<li>In a comparative study, vaitararana basti has shown marked improvement in 45% of patients of ghridrasi. Whereas siravyadha has shown marked improvement in 55% of patients. [[Vaitarana Basti|Vaitarana basti]] was found more effective than siravedha in [[Stambhana|stambha (stiffness)]], spandana (twitching), suptata (numbness), sakthikshephanigraha (SLR) and gaurava(heaviness).<ref name="ref22">Paikrao Sumedh Narayanrao (2014): A clinical study on siravedha and [[Vaitarana Basti|vaitarana basti]] in the management of gridhrasi with special reference to sciatica. Department of Panchakarma, IPGT&RA Jamnagar</ref></li>

<li>[[Yapana basti|Yapana basti]] combined with patrapinda sweda and shamana medicine has shown relatively more effectiveness in the management of majority of symptoms in cervical spondylosis than the group in which [[Yapana basti|yapana basti]] was not administered in combination.<ref name="ref23"/> The group in which [[Yapana basti|yapana basti]] combined has also shown prevention from recurrence and long-lasting effects.</li>

<li>[[Yapana basti|Yapana basti]] combined with patrapinda sweda and shamana medicine has shown relatively more effectiveness in the management of majority of symptoms in cervical spondylosis than the group in which [[Yapana basti|yapana basti]] was not administered in combination.<ref name="ref23"/> The group in which [[Yapana basti|yapana basti]] combined has also shown prevention from recurrence and long-lasting effects.</li>

<li>Study of dashamooladi basti in the management of acute stage of amavata has revealed an overall mild improvement in 40% patients, and minor improvement was observed in remaining 60% patients. Complete remission or marked improvement was not found in any of the patient.<ref name="ref24">Anjali V Makodiya (2017): A Clinical Study on Basti Karma in The Short-Term Management of Amavata W.S. R Rheumatoid Arthtitis.Department of Panchakarma, GAAC, Ahmedabad.</ref></li>

<li>Study of dashamooladi basti in the management of acute stage of amavata has revealed an overall mild improvement in 40% patients, and minor improvement was observed in remaining 60% patients. Complete remission or marked improvement was not found in any of the patient.<ref name="ref24">Anjali V Makodiya (2017): A Clinical Study on Basti Karma in The Short-Term Management of Amavata W.S. R Rheumatoid Arthtitis.Department of Panchakarma, GAAC, Ahmedabad.</ref></li>