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Implications of impaired dhairya can be seen in form of various psychopathological and behavioural manifestations. Some common psychological conditions in which impairment of  dhairya can be seen are as follows: </p>

Implications of impaired dhairya can be seen in form of various psychopathological and behavioural manifestations. Some common psychological conditions in which impairment of  dhairya can be seen are as follows: </p>

<ul style="text-align:justify;"><li>Depression (vishada) : Depression is a mood disorder characterised by depressed mood or episodes of apathy, indifference, sadness, guilt, thoughts of dying and irritability with changes in appetite, sleep patterns, weight and motor fatigue, impaired concentration and decision making abilities.<ref name="ref11"></ref> Ayurveda defines depression (vishada) i.e. apprehension towards undertaking a task due to fear of failure. Causes of vishada leading to deranged rajas and tamas dosha are excessive indulgence in kapha increasing food items, sedentary lifestyle, undue mental stress and emotional disorders like shoka (grief), bhaya (fear), krodha (anger), lobha (greed) and moha (delusion). [Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana 1/25]<ref name="ref12"></ref> Depressed person has a weak mental constitution susceptible to an endless cycle of poor self-image and negative behavioural and thinking patterns indicative of impaired dhairya.  </li>

<ul style="text-align:justify;"><li>Depression (vishada) : Depression is a mood disorder characterised by depressed mood or episodes of apathy, indifference, sadness, guilt, thoughts of dying and irritability with changes in appetite, sleep patterns, weight and motor fatigue, impaired concentration and decision making abilities.<ref name="ref11">Harrison T.r. et al; Ed Harrisopn’s Principles of Internal Medicine; Vol. II, 19th International Edition, 2012; McGraw Hill Book Co. Singapore. </ref> Ayurveda defines depression (vishada) i.e. apprehension towards undertaking a task due to fear of failure. Causes of vishada leading to deranged rajas and tamas dosha are excessive indulgence in kapha increasing food items, sedentary lifestyle, undue mental stress and emotional disorders like shoka (grief), bhaya (fear), krodha (anger), lobha (greed) and moha (delusion). [Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana 1/25]<ref name="ref12">Dr. Ashwini A., Dr. Rajashekhar C.V. Role of Satvavajaya Chikitsa in the management of Depression  in  current  scenario.  J  Ayurveda  Integr  Med Sci 2019;4:275-27 </ref> Depressed person has a weak mental constitution susceptible to an endless cycle of poor self-image and negative behavioural and thinking patterns indicative of impaired dhairya.  </li>

<li>Anxiety (chittodvega) : Generalised anxiety disorder (chittodvega) is characterized by excessive and uncontrolled apprehension about routine activities, easy fatiguability, sleep disturbances and difficult concentration with mind often going blank [as per DSM-V]. Manoabhigata (mental trauma) vitiates rajas and tamas dosha gradually manifesting symptoms of chittodvega (fear, grief and mental confusion) in people with low sattva guna.<ref name="ref13"></ref> Anxious people are often fickle-minded and easy to sway in their beliefs and decisions. The lack of mental stronghold and control over one’s thoughts is due to weakened dhairya. </li>

<li>Anxiety (chittodvega) : Generalised anxiety disorder (chittodvega) is characterized by excessive and uncontrolled apprehension about routine activities, easy fatiguability, sleep disturbances and difficult concentration with mind often going blank [as per DSM-V]. Manoabhigata (mental trauma) vitiates rajas and tamas dosha gradually manifesting symptoms of chittodvega (fear, grief and mental confusion) in people with low sattva guna.<ref name="ref13">Roshni, K. Tele-counselling for management of Chittodvega (anxiety disorder) in Ayurveda--composing ancillary methods during the Covid 19 pandemic. CSIT 8, 395–401 (2020). </ref> Anxious people are often fickle-minded and easy to sway in their beliefs and decisions. The lack of mental stronghold and control over one’s thoughts is due to weakened dhairya. </li>

<li>Hysteria (yoshapasmara) : Hysteria is a state of mind defined by unmanageable fear or excessive emotion. Though the symptoms are similar to physical manifestations of epilepsy, the cause is major psychological, generally a sudden fright, grief or worry. This is evident in an hysteria episode's associated emotional expression (laughter, weeping or moaning). Yoshapasmara [Madhav Nidana Yoshapasmara nidana] is a clinical condition primarily affecting females. Yoshapasmara, or hysterical neurosis is a disorder common in highly sensitive people due to their weak will (impaired dhairya). [14] The deliberate behaviour of the individual to attract sympathy shows the lack of courage to face adverse situations.  </li></ul>

<li>Hysteria (yoshapasmara) : Hysteria is a state of mind defined by unmanageable fear or excessive emotion. Though the symptoms are similar to physical manifestations of epilepsy, the cause is major psychological, generally a sudden fright, grief or worry. This is evident in an hysteria episode's associated emotional expression (laughter, weeping or moaning). Yoshapasmara [Madhav Nidana Yoshapasmara nidana] is a clinical condition primarily affecting females. Yoshapasmara, or hysterical neurosis is a disorder common in highly sensitive people due to their weak will (impaired dhairya).<ref name="ref14">Kumar Dileep et al: Clinical evaluation of Sarpagandha Churnayoga along with Sattvavjaye Chikitsa. JPSI 1(4). July-August 2012, 19-23. </ref> The deliberate behaviour of the individual to attract sympathy shows the lack of courage to face adverse situations.  </li></ul>

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