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<li style="font-weight:bold">Lifestyle and other activities: <span style="font-weight:normal">Daytime sleep (diwaswapana), lack of exercise(avyayama), drinking water at night(nishaambupana), mixing wholesome and unwholesome together (samashana) and over eating before digestion of previous meals(adhyashana), etc. [Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana 21/23-24]<ref name="ref3"/> </span></li>
<li style="font-weight:bold">Lifestyle and other activities: <span style="font-weight:normal">Daytime sleep (diwaswapana), lack of exercise(avyayama), drinking water at night(nishaambupana), mixing wholesome and unwholesome together (samashana) and over eating before digestion of previous meals(adhyashana), etc. [Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana 21/23-24]<ref name="ref3"/> </span></li>
<li style="font-weight:bold">Emotional and behavior factors: <span style="font-weight:normal">pleasure(harsha). </span></li></ul></div>
<li style="font-weight:bold">Emotional and behavior factors: <span style="font-weight:normal">pleasure(harsha). </span></li></ul></div>
== Clinical aspects ==
=== Preventive aspect: ===
<div style='text-align:justify;'>A person with a normal state of kapha dosha constitution (prakritakapha), should avoid diet and lifestyle vitiating kapha.</div>
=== Stages of dosha: ===
<div style='text-align:justify;'>Dosha continues to exist in three states: hypofunction (kshaya), hyperfunction (vriddhi), and normal physiological state (sama). [Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana17/110]Increase and reduction in dosha functioning (karma) can be used to understand dosha increase and decline in the body. Dosha, when increased, produce their respective features in excess; when decreased, cut off their functions, and when in the normal state, perform their normal functions.</div>
=== 13.2.1Hyperfunctioning of kapha(vridhilakshana): ===
<div style='text-align:justify;'>Whenkapha levels increase, the body exhibits various signs and symptoms as below: [Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana 15/13]<ref name="ref3"/>, [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 11/7-8]<ref name="ref8"/>, [A.S. Sutra Sthana 19/5]<ref name="ref5"/>:
<ul><li>Whitish coloration of skin(shaukalaya) </li>
<li>A feeling of coldness (shaityam) </li>
<li>Firmness and stiffness(sthairyam) </li>
<li>Heaviness in body(gauravam) </li>
<li>Depression (avasada) </li>
<li>Drowsiness(tandra) </li>
<li>Sleepiness(nidra or atinidrata) </li>
<li>Lack of firmness in joints(sandhivishlesha) </li>
<li>Low digestive capacity (agnisadana) </li>
<li>Salivation(praseka) </li>
<li>Laziness(alasya) </li>
<li>Flaccidity (slathangatvam or angasada) </li>
<li>Dyspnea (shwasa) </li>
<li>Cough(kasa) </li>
<li>Obesity(sthaulya) </li>
<li>Blockage of natural passages(srotapidana) </li>
<li>Syncope (murchha) </li>
<li>Nausea (hrillasa) </li></ul></div>
=== Hypo functioning of kapha (kshayalakshana): ===
<div style='text-align:justify;'>When kaphadosha levels in the body are declining, the body exhibits various signs and symptoms as described below:[Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana15/7]<ref name="ref3"/>, [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana11/16]<ref name="ref8"/>, [A.S. Sutra Sthana19/8]<ref name="ref5"/>
<ul><li>Dryness (rukshata)</li>
<li>Burning sensation in the body(antardaha) </li>
<li>Emptiness in all sites of kaphaespecially stomach(amashyaitrashleshmashyashunyta) </li>
<li>Flaccid joints(sandhi shaithilya) </li>
<li>Thirst (trishna) </li>
<li>Weakness (daurbalya) </li>
<li>Loss of sleep (prajagarana or anidra) </li>
<li>Giddiness (bhrama) </li>
<li>Twisting pain(udveshtana) </li>
<li>Body aches (angamarda) </li>
<li>A feeling of burning skin(parishosha) </li>
<li>Pricking pain(toda) </li>
<li>Tremors (vepana) </li>
<li>Burning sensation(daha) </li>
<li>A feeling of cracking or breaking pain(sphotana) </li>
<li>Feeling of smoke(dhumayana) </li>
<li>Palpitation (hridayadrava) </li></ul></div>
=== Diagnosis: ===
<div style='text-align:justify;'>The state ofkapha dosha can be diagnosed and assessed based on clinical features. The most common clinical features of kapha dosha are unctuousness (sneha), whitishness(shwetya), coldness(shaitya), itching(kandu), heaviness(gaurava), chronicity (chirkaritvam), accumulation (upachaya), numbness(supti). [Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana20/15] [K.S. Sutra Sthana 27/45]<ref name="ref9"/> <br/>Forty types of diseases due to an imbalance of kaphadosha(kaphananatmajavyadhi) occur, as below [Cha.Sa. SutraSthana 20/17] [K.S. Sutra Sthana 27/42-43]<ref name="ref9"/> (Table 02)</div>
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Table 02: 20 types of disease of kapha (kaphananatmajavikara)<ref name="ref10">Byadgi P.S., Saini N..MaharogaAdhyaya. In: Kar A.C., Rai S., Deole Y.S., Basisht G., eds. Charak Samhita New Edition. 1st ed. Jamnagar, Ind: CSRTSDC; 2020. https://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/mediawiki-1.32.1/index.php?title=Maharoga_Adhyaya&oldid=41150. Accessed November 14, 2022.</ref>
| Contentment(trupti)
| Drowsiness (tandra)
| Excess sleep (nidradhikya)
| Rigidity/stiffness (staimitya)
|-
| Heaviness in body(gurugatrata)
| Lassitude (alasya)
| Sweet taste in mouth (mukhamadhurya)
| Salivation (mukhastrava)
|-
| Expectoration of mucous(shleshmodgirana)
| Excess accumulation of waste products (maladhikya)
| Loss of strength (balasaka)
| Indigestion (apakti)
|-
| Adherence or coatingaround heart(hridayopalepa)
| Adherence or coating in throat (kanthopalepa)
| Adherence of waste in blood vessels/ atherosclerosis (dhamanipratichaya)
| Goiter (galaganda)
|-
| Morbid obesity (atisthaulya)
| Decreased digestive power (shitagnita)
| Urticarial rashes (udarda)
| Pale look (shvetavabhashata)
|-
|}