Changes

|label8 = Date of first publication:

|label8 = Date of first publication:

|data8 = September 18, 2022

|data8 = September 13, 2022

|label9 = DOI

|label9 = DOI

==Synonyms==

==Synonyms==

   

   

Dhatu-ushma [Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 8/39-40], dhatupaktru [Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/38], dhatupakta, dhatupachaka Agni [A.S.Sutra Sthana 19/16]<ref name= Sangraha> Vridha Vagbhata, Ashtanga Sangraha. Edited by Shivaprasad Sharma. 3rd ed. Varanasi: Chaukhamba sanskrit series office;2012.</ref>

[[Dhatu]]-ushma [Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 8/39-40], dhatupaktru [Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/38], dhatupakta, dhatupachaka Agni [A.S.Sutra Sthana 19/16]<ref name= Sangraha> Vridha Vagbhata, Ashtanga Sangraha. Edited by Shivaprasad Sharma. 3rd ed. Varanasi: Chaukhamba sanskrit series office;2012.</ref>

==Classification==

==Classification==

The management of diseases depends on correction of [[agni]] and restoration of well-formed [[dhatu]]. [Chakrapani on Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 30/28]. The dhatvagni is classified into seven types as below:  

The management of diseases depends on correction of [[agni]] and restoration of well-formed [[dhatu]]. [Chakrapani on Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 30/28]. The dhatvagni is classified into seven types as below:  

*Rasa dhatvagni

*[[Rasa]] dhatvagni

*Rakta dhatvagni

*[[Rakta]] dhatvagni

*Mamsa dhatvagni

*[[Mamsa]] dhatvagni

*Meda dhatvagni

*[[Meda]] dhatvagni

*Asthi dhatvagni

*[[Asthi]] dhatvagni

*Majja dhatvagni

*[[Majja]] dhatvagni

*Shukra dhatvagni

*[[Shukra]] dhatvagni

==Physiology of dhatvagni==

==Physiology of dhatvagni==

[[Dhatus]] are the structural and functional units that act as [[dosha]] and [[mala]] seats. The functioning of dhatvagni (dhatvagnipaaka) includes overall nourishment and development of the body structures. Dhatvagnipaaka refers to the sequential changes undergone by the essence of food through the medium of seven dhatvagni entities.

[[Dhatu]]s are the structural and functional units that act as [[dosha]] and [[mala]] seats. The functioning of dhatvagni (dhatvagnipaaka) includes overall nourishment and development of the body structures. Dhatvagnipaaka refers to the sequential changes undergone by the essence of food through the medium of seven dhatvagni entities.

The seven dhatvagni act upon the respective [[dhatu]] by which each [[dhatu]] is metabolized into two parts i.e., essence (prasadabhaga) and by-products (mala bhaga). [Chakrapani on Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/15] [[Dhatu]] is metabolized by their inherent heat (ushma) or dhatvagni (transforming enzymes in the tissue elements). The nourishing fraction of [[dhatu]] (nutrient tissue elements) further nourishes the subsequent [[dhatu]] through their respective [[strotas]] (channels of circulation). For example, a poshaka [[rasa dhatu]] nourishes the [[rakta dhatu]].[Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 8/39] In this process, the formation of essence (prasad bhaga) can be correlated with anabolic pathways. The formation of metabolic wastes or by-products (kitta-paka) can be correlated with catabolic pathways.

The seven dhatvagni act upon the respective [[dhatu]] by which each [[dhatu]] is metabolized into two parts i.e., essence (prasada bhaga) and by-products (mala bhaga). [Chakrapani on Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/15] [[Dhatu]] is metabolized by their inherent heat (ushma) or dhatvagni (transforming enzymes in the tissue elements). The nourishing fraction of [[dhatu]] (nutrient tissue elements) further nourishes the subsequent [[dhatu]] through their respective [[strotas]] (channels of circulation). For example, a poshaka [[rasa dhatu]] nourishes the [[rakta dhatu]].[Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 8/39] In this process, the formation of essence (prasad bhaga) can be correlated with anabolic pathways. The formation of metabolic wastes or by-products (kitta-paka) can be correlated with catabolic pathways.

   

   

The cell can carry on the metabolic process with the aid of enzymes (agnipitta), which are organic catalysts. A catalyst regulates the rate of a chemical reaction's acceleration without change in itself. Few enzymes, such as the digestive enzymes (comparable with jatharaagni), function outside the cell. Most enzymes are intracellular (comparable to dhatvagni and bhutagni). Enzyme oxidation that catalyzes an oxidation-reduction process is termed as ‘oxidase’. An enzyme concerned with the digestion of protein is a protease.<ref>Robinson PK. Enzymes: principles and biotechnological applications. Essays Biochem. 2015;59:1-41. doi: 10.1042/bse0590001. Erratum in: Essays Biochem. 2015;59:75. PMID: 26504249; PMCID: PMC4692135.</ref> This intracellular and extracellular metabolism can be perceived as the dhatvagnipaka.

The cell can carry on the metabolic process with the aid of enzymes (agnipitta), which are organic catalysts. A catalyst regulates the rate of a chemical reaction's acceleration without change in itself. Few enzymes, such as the digestive enzymes (comparable with jatharaagni), function outside the cell. Most enzymes are intracellular (comparable to dhatvagni and bhutagni). Enzyme oxidation that catalyzes an oxidation-reduction process is termed as ‘oxidase’. An enzyme concerned with the digestion of protein is a protease.<ref>Robinson PK. Enzymes: principles and biotechnological applications. Essays Biochem. 2015;59:1-41. doi: 10.1042/bse0590001. Erratum in: Essays Biochem. 2015;59:75. PMID: 26504249; PMCID: PMC4692135.</ref> This intracellular and extracellular metabolism can be perceived as the dhatvagnipaka.