Changes

A history comprising the age of neonate, antenatal and intrapartum events, delivery mode, Apgar score, neonatal resuscitation, feeding history, disease history is to be taken primarily. There are various scales that are used in neonatology:

A history comprising the age of neonate, antenatal and intrapartum events, delivery mode, Apgar score, neonatal resuscitation, feeding history, disease history is to be taken primarily. There are various scales that are used in neonatology:

I. Apgar Score : Apgar score is one of the most initial and relevant scores used in neonatology. It is primarily used to assess the basic condition of the child at birth.

I. Apgar Score<ref>https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/pediatrics/117/4/1444.full.pdf </ref> : Apgar score is one of the most initial and relevant scores used in neonatology. It is primarily used to assess the basic condition of the child at birth.

ii. Downe’s score : The score and Silverman and Anderson score are used to assess respiratory distress in neonates.  

ii. Downe’s score<ref>http://cghealth.nic.in/ehealth/2013/Training_Portal/pdf/FBNC/Chapter%2010.pdf </ref> : The score and Silverman and Anderson score are used to assess respiratory distress in neonates.  

iii.New Ballard’s score : This score calculates the gestational age of the child under two broad headings, physical and neuromuscular maturity.

iii.New Ballard’s score <ref>https://www.ballardscore.com/files/BallardScore_scoresheet.pdf </ref> : This score calculates the gestational age of the child under two broad headings, physical and neuromuscular maturity.

iv.Sarnat & Sarnat staging , Levene staging : Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is caused due to hypoxemia and/ or reduced cerebral blood flow due to a peripartum event. It is one of the significant causes of mortality and long-term morbidity in neonates. These two scales are used to stage HIE.

iv.Sarnat & Sarnat staging<ref>https://www.health.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0014/140162/g-hie.pdf </ref> , Levene staging <ref>https://www.newbornwhocc.org/pdf/post_asphyxia_mangement.pdf </ref>: Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is caused due to hypoxemia and/ or reduced cerebral blood flow due to a peripartum event. It is one of the significant causes of mortality and long-term morbidity in neonates. These two scales are used to stage HIE.

v.CRIB score : Clinical Risk Index for Babies score is a UK based score that takes into consideration the birth weight, gestational age, congenital malformations, maximum base excess in the first 12 hours, and the minimum and maximum levels of inspired oxygen in the first 12 hours for evaluating the risk of mortality amongst low birth weight babies. It has been recently updated to CRIB II.

v.CRIB score<ref>Ezz-Eldin ZM, Hamid TA, Youssef MR, Nabil Hel-D. Clinical Risk Index for Babies (CRIB II) Scoring System in Prediction of Mortality in Premature Babies. J Clin Diagn Res. 2015 Jun;9(6):SC08-11. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2015/12248.6012. Epub 2015 Jun 1. PMID: 26266178; PMCID: PMC4525567</ref> : Clinical Risk Index for Babies score is a UK based score that takes into consideration the birth weight, gestational age, congenital malformations, maximum base excess in the first 12 hours, and the minimum and maximum levels of inspired oxygen in the first 12 hours for evaluating the risk of mortality amongst low birth weight babies. It has been recently updated to CRIB II.

vi. SNAP score : The score for Acute Neonatal physiology was a USA-based score for assessing mortality and morbidity risk in a neonatal ICU. It considered 26 factors, which was simplified in its further generations, now in the form SNAPPE II (SNAP with Perinatal Extension II) considering six major factors.  

vi. SNAP score<Harsha SS, Archana BR. SNAPPE-II (Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology with Perinatal Extension-II) in Predicting Mortality and Morbidity in NICU. J Clin Diagn Res. 2015 Oct;9(10):SC10-2. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2015/14848.6677. Epub 2015 Oct 1. PMID: 26557585; PMCID: PMC4625304.</ref> : The score for Acute Neonatal physiology was a USA-based score for assessing mortality and morbidity risk in a neonatal ICU. It considered 26 factors, which was simplified in its further generations, now in the form SNAPPE II (SNAP with Perinatal Extension II) considering six major factors.  

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