Changes

!Parameter  !!  Average value  

!Parameter  !!  Average value  

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|Birth weight|| 3.35 kg (male) , 3.25 kg (female)

|Birth weight|| 3.35 kg (male)<ref name=boy>https://www.who.int/childgrowth/standards/chts_boys_p.pdf</ref> , 3.25 kg (female)<ref name=girl>https://www.who.int/childgrowth/standards/chts_girls_p.pdf<ref>

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|Length || 49.9 cm (male)  , 49.1 cm (female)   

|Length || 49.9 cm (male)<ref name=boy/> , 49.1 cm (female)<ref name=girl/>  

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|Body Mass index ||13.4 kg/ m2 (male), 13.3 kg/m2 (female)  

|Body Mass index ||13.4 kg/ m2 (male), 13.3 kg/m2 (female)<ref>https://www.who.int/toolkits/child-growth-standards/standards/body-mass-index-for-age-bmi-for-age</ref>

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|Head circumference || 34.5 cm (male), 33.9 cm (female)  

|Head circumference || 34.5 cm (male)<ref>https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/child-growth/child-growth-standards/indicators/head-circumference-for-age/boys-chart--head-circumference-for-age-birth-to-13-weeks-(percentile).pdf?sfvrsn=ee62691f_0 </ref>, 33.9 cm (female)<ref>https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/child-growth/child-growth-standards/indicators/head-circumference-for-age/girls-chart--head-circumference-for-age-birth-to-13-weeks-(percentile).pdf?sfvrsn=e82e64a0_0 </ref>

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|Chest circumference || 2 to 3 cm less than head circumference

|Chest circumference || 2 to 3 cm less than head circumference

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'''Vital parameters'''  

'''Vital parameters''' <ref>B. Vishnu Bhat. Care of Normal Newborn, IAP textbook of pediatrics, 7th edition, Jaypee Publishers. Chapter 2.3, Page No. 46. </ref>

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'''Urine and Stool Passage'''

'''Urine and Stool Passage'''

First urine is usually passed within 48 hours after birth. Delay of urine passage without abdominal distension is probably due to inadequate feeding. Bladder distension in male child indicates posterior urethral valve. The stool is normally passed within 24 hours. If there is constipation, the probable cause behind it should be identified. The major causes are, imperforate anus, prematurity, meconium plug, megacolon (congenital), meconium ileus and hypothyroidism.

First urine is usually passed within 48 hours after birth. Delay of urine passage without abdominal distension is probably due to inadequate feeding. Bladder distension in male child indicates posterior urethral valve. The stool is normally passed within 24 hours. If there is constipation, the probable cause behind it should be identified. The major causes are, imperforate anus, prematurity, meconium plug, megacolon (congenital), meconium ileus and hypothyroidism.<ref>https://pedsinreview.aappublications.org/content/15/8/319#:~:text=Passage%20of%20the%20first%20stool,virtually%20all%20by%2048%20hours.</ref>

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==General care of the newborn==

==General care of the newborn==

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