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Basti Siddhi (view source)

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<big>''' Abstract </big>'''

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This chapter deals with the effective formulations used as therapeutic enema in specific diseases by using disease specific drugs, considering the underlying factors in the disease and the patient. Therapeutic enema is a fast acting safe and effective therapy better than therapeutic purgation. Nourishing therapeutic enema is contraindicated in the diseases suitable for purification and depleting therapeutic enema is contraindicated in weak, emaciated and debilitated persons. Specific drugs can be added to the main recipe of therapeutic enema in accordance to the ''dosha'' etc. to make it more effective. In this chapter, three formulations for therapeutic enema each for ''vata, pitta'' and ''kapha''; four formulations each for cleansing the colon, for enhancing semen and muscle and for astringent action; two formulations each for stopping excessive discharge, burning sensation, cutting pain in anal region, tenesmus, over action of therapeutic enema; Three formulations for excessive life threatening bleeding; two formulations for bleeding disorder and one formulation of therapeutic enema for excessive urination including diabetes are described.

+

This chapter deals with the effective formulations used as therapeutic enema in specific diseases by using disease specific drugs, considering the underlying factors in the disease and the patient. Therapeutic enema is a fast acting safe and effective therapy better than therapeutic purgation. Nourishing therapeutic enema is contraindicated in the diseases suitable for purification and depleting therapeutic enema is contraindicated in weak, emaciated and debilitated persons. Specific drugs can be added to the main recipe of therapeutic enema in accordance to the ''[[dosha]]'' etc. to make it more effective. In this chapter, three formulations for therapeutic enema each for ''[[vata]], [[pitta]]'' and ''[[kapha]]''; four formulations each for cleansing the colon, for enhancing semen and muscle and for astringent action; two formulations each for stopping excessive discharge, burning sensation, cutting pain in anal region, tenesmus, over action of therapeutic enema; Three formulations for excessive life threatening bleeding; two formulations for bleeding disorder and one formulation of therapeutic enema for excessive urination including diabetes are described.

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'''Keywords''' : Anabolic enema, ''Basti vyapad, Jeevadana, Parisrava, Parikarta, Pravahana'', Successful and efficacious therapeutic enema, Semenotropic,Tenesmus,Standard basti,therapeutic enema.

+

'''Keywords''' : Anabolic enema, ''[[Basti]] vyapad, Jeevadana, Parisrava, Parikarta, Pravahana'', Successful and efficacious therapeutic enema, Semenotropic,Tenesmus,Standard [[basti]],therapeutic enema.

</div>

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== Introduction ==

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In the previous chapter various diseases particularly of vital organs like heart, brain and kidney are described. ''Vata'' is the main causative factor for these diseases of vital organs and ''basti'' is the best therapy for the effective treatment of ''vata'' thereby to maintain the health of vital organs. In the present chapter, effective ''dosha'' and disease specific ''basti'' formulations are described. ''Basti'' can be practiced as a rectal route of drug administration in any disease by using specific drugs in accordance to the strength of the patient, ''dosha'', season, disease and constitution of the patient. It is fast acting, easier and safe cleansing therapy can cause both nourishment and depletion effect on the body by using the specific drugs. It is better than therapeutic purgation as far as safety and palatability is concerned, can be used in all age groups and can produce any desired effect. Contraindications of nourishing enema and purifying enema shall be considered as per suitability of conditions during administration. Formulations of therapeutic enema for the treatment of specific ''dosha'' like ''vata, pitta'' and ''kapha'' and disease like excessive discharge, burning sensation, cutting pain in anal region, tenesmus, complications due to over action of therapeutic enema, life threatening bleeding, bleeding disorder and excessive urination including diabetes, colon cleansing, astringent effect and to enhance semen and muscle tissue are described in this chapter.

+

In the previous chapter various diseases particularly of vital organs like heart, brain and kidney are described. ''[[Vata]]'' is the main causative factor for these diseases of vital organs and ''[[basti]]'' is the best therapy for the effective treatment of ''[[vata]]'' thereby to maintain the health of vital organs. In the present chapter, effective ''[[dosha]]'' and disease specific ''[[basti]]'' formulations are described. ''[[Basti]]'' can be practiced as a rectal route of drug administration in any disease by using specific drugs in accordance to the strength of the patient, ''[[dosha]]'', season, disease and constitution of the patient. It is fast acting, easier and safe cleansing therapy can cause both nourishment and depletion effect on the body by using the specific drugs. It is better than therapeutic purgation as far as safety and palatability is concerned, can be used in all age groups and can produce any desired effect. Contraindications of nourishing enema and purifying enema shall be considered as per suitability of conditions during administration. Formulations of therapeutic enema for the treatment of specific ''[[dosha]]'' like ''[[vata]], [[pitta]]'' and ''[[kapha]]'' and disease like excessive discharge, burning sensation, cutting pain in anal region, tenesmus, complications due to over action of therapeutic enema, life threatening bleeding, bleeding disorder and excessive urination including diabetes, colon cleansing, astringent effect and to enhance semen and muscle tissue are described in this chapter.

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Certain drugs should be added later on to the main formulation of ''basti'' in accordance to the ''dosha'' and desired effect to make it more effective. As a general rule ''basti'' prepared from strong drugs should be used in chronic and severe diseases and ''basti'' prepared from mild drugs should be used in mild diseases.

+

Certain drugs should be added later on to the main formulation of ''[[basti]]'' in accordance to the ''[[dosha]]'' and desired effect to make it more effective. As a general rule ''[[basti]]'' prepared from strong drugs should be used in chronic and severe diseases and ''[[basti]]'' prepared from mild drugs should be used in mild diseases.

== Sanskrit text, Transliteration and English Translation ==

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</div></div>

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Listen, O Agnivesha, to the discourse on various highly fruitful and efficacious ''basti'' for specific diseases which successfully treats the disease and provides success to the physician.[3]

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Listen, O Agnivesha, to the discourse on various highly fruitful and efficacious ''[[basti]]'' for specific diseases which successfully treats the disease and provides success to the physician.[3]

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=== Disease specific actions and advantages of ''basti'' ===

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=== Disease specific actions and advantages of ''[[basti]]'' ===

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</div></div>

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''Basti'' if properly administered in accordance to the strength of the patient, ''dosha'', time, nature of the disease and constitution of the person by using the specific group of drugs prescribed for the treatment of the respective diseases will cure those diseases. No other therapeutic procedure is equivalent to ''basti'' as far as its actions like rapid and comfortable cleansing, immediate depletion and replenishment and is devoid of complications. [4-5]

+

''[[Basti]]'' if properly administered in accordance to the strength of the patient, ''[[dosha]]'', time, nature of the disease and constitution of the person by using the specific group of drugs prescribed for the treatment of the respective diseases will cure those diseases. No other therapeutic procedure is equivalent to ''[[basti]]'' as far as its actions like rapid and comfortable cleansing, immediate depletion and replenishment and is devoid of complications. [4-5]

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=== Advantages of ''asthapana basti'' (purification enema) over ''virechana'' (therapeutic purgation) ===

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=== Advantages of ''asthapana [[basti]]'' (purification enema) over ''[[virechana]]'' (therapeutic purgation) ===

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</div></div>

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Although ''virechana'' (therapeutic purgation) does eliminate the ''dosha'' but the drugs used for ''virechana'' are ''katu'' (pungent), ''teekshna'' (sharp) and ''ushna'' (hot) in nature, unpleasant in taste and causes ''duhkha'' (discomfort), ''udgara'' (eructations), ''utklesha'' (nausea) and ''koshtharuja'' (pain in gastro-intestinal tract). Children and aged person are unfit for ''virechana'', on account of former having not attained completely developed ''dhatu'' (tissues) and ''bala'' (strength) and the latter due to excessive diminution of ''dhatu'' and ''bala''. ''Asthapana'' type of ''basti'' (decoction based therapeutic enema) in both the cases is most suitable procedure and the one that can produce all the desired actions. This ''basti'' therapy instantaneously provides ''bala'', ''varna'' (complexion), ''harsha'' (exhilaration), ''mardava'' (softness) and ''sneha'' (unctuousness) to the body of the persons.[6-7½]

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Although ''[[virechana]]'' (therapeutic purgation) does eliminate the ''[[dosha]]'' but the drugs used for ''[[virechana]]'' are ''katu'' (pungent), ''teekshna'' (sharp) and ''ushna'' (hot) in nature, unpleasant in taste and causes ''duhkha'' (discomfort), ''udgara'' (eructations), ''utklesha'' (nausea) and ''koshtharuja'' (pain in gastro-intestinal tract). Children and aged person are unfit for ''[[virechana]]'', on account of former having not attained completely developed ''[[dhatu]]'' (tissues) and ''bala'' (strength) and the latter due to excessive diminution of ''[[dhatu]]'' and ''bala''. ''Asthapana'' type of ''[[basti]]'' (decoction based therapeutic enema) in both the cases is most suitable procedure and the one that can produce all the desired actions. This ''[[basti]]'' therapy instantaneously provides ''bala'', ''varna'' (complexion), ''harsha'' (exhilaration), ''mardava'' (softness) and ''sneha'' (unctuousness) to the body of the persons.[6-7½]

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=== Three types of ''basti'' and its indications ===

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=== Three types of ''[[basti]]'' and its indications ===

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</div></div>

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The ''basti'' is of three types viz: ''anuvasana basti'' (enema with fatty substance like oil etc.), ''niruha basti'' (enema with herbal decoction, honey, rock salt, herbal paste and fatty substance) and ''uttara basti'' (trans- urethral/vaginal administration of medicine). The ''basti'' is beneficial for the patients who are suffering with the affliction of ''shakha'' (extremities) by ''vata, sankuchita'' (contractures), ''stabdha'' (stiffness), ''bhagna'' (fractures), ''vitsanga'' (constipation), ''adhmana'' (gaseous distention of abdomen), ''aruchi'' (anorexia), ''parikartika'', (cutting pain in anal region), rug (pain) etc. ''ushnartanam'' (patients afflicted with heat) should be given cold ''basti'' and for ''sheetartanam'' (those who are afflicted with cold) should be given warm ''basti'' by using suitable drugs based on proper reasoning. [8-10]

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The ''[[basti]]'' is of three types viz: ''anuvasana [[basti]]'' (enema with fatty substance like oil etc.), ''niruha [[basti]]'' (enema with herbal decoction, honey, rock salt, herbal paste and fatty substance) and ''uttara basti'' (trans- urethral/vaginal administration of medicine). The ''[[basti]]'' is beneficial for the patients who are suffering with the affliction of ''shakha'' (extremities) by ''[[vata]], sankuchita'' (contractures), ''stabdha'' (stiffness), ''bhagna'' (fractures), ''vitsanga'' (constipation), ''adhmana'' (gaseous distention of abdomen), ''aruchi'' (anorexia), ''parikartika'', (cutting pain in anal region), rug (pain) etc. ''ushnartanam'' (patients afflicted with heat) should be given cold ''[[basti]]'' and for ''sheetartanam'' (those who are afflicted with cold) should be given warm ''[[basti]]'' by using suitable drugs based on proper reasoning. [8-10]

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=== Contraindications of ''asthapana'' and ''anuvasana basti'' ===

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=== Contraindications of ''asthapana'' and ''anuvasana [[basti]]'' ===

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</div></div>

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Nourishing type of ''basti'' (''brimhana anuvasana basti'') should not be given to the persons who are indicated for cleansing treatments and to the patients suffering with the diseases indicated for cleansing treatments like obesity, skin diseases and excessive urination including diabetes. Cleansing ''basti'' (''shodhana asthapana basti'') should not be given to the persons who are suffering from consumption, phthisis, debility, fainting, emaciation, dehydration of the body, as well as in those whose life is sustained due to retention of ''dosha'' itself.[11-12]

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Nourishing type of ''[[basti]]'' (''[[brimhana]] anuvasana [[basti]]'') should not be given to the persons who are indicated for cleansing treatments and to the patients suffering with the diseases indicated for cleansing treatments like obesity, skin diseases and excessive urination including diabetes. Cleansing ''[[basti]]'' (''[[shodhana]] asthapana [[basti]]'') should not be given to the persons who are suffering from consumption, phthisis, debility, fainting, emaciation, dehydration of the body, as well as in those whose life is sustained due to retention of ''[[dosha]]'' itself.[11-12]

=== Specific liquid media for enema solution ===

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</div></div>

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For aphrodisiac effect and for the diseases caused by ''rakta'' (blood) and ''pitta'', the ''basti'' prepared with ''madhu'' (honey), ''ghrita'' (cow’s ghee), ''paya'' (cow’s milk) are recommended. For diseases caused by ''kapha'' and ''vata'', the ''basti'' prepared with ''tila taila'' (sesame oil), ''mootra'' (cow’s urine), ''aranala'' (sour rice gruel), ''lavana'' (rock salt) are recommended.

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For aphrodisiac effect and for the diseases caused by ''[[rakta]]'' (blood) and ''[[pitta]]'', the ''[[basti]]'' prepared with ''madhu'' (honey), ''ghrita'' (cow’s ghee), ''paya'' (cow’s milk) are recommended. For diseases caused by ''[[kapha]]'' and ''[[vata]]'', the ''[[basti]]'' prepared with ''tila taila'' (sesame oil), ''mootra'' (cow’s urine), ''aranala'' (sour rice gruel), ''lavana'' (rock salt) are recommended.

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In the preparation of enema solution the ingredients like ''amla'' (sour substances), ''mootra'' (cow’s urine), ''paya'' (cow’s milk), ''sura'' (alcoholic beverages), and ''kvatha'' (herbal decoctions) are to be added, particularly hot water should be added as it is not antagonistic to ''dhatu'' and is source of ''rasa dhatu'' (nutrient fluid).[13-14]

+

In the preparation of enema solution the ingredients like ''amla'' (sour substances), ''mootra'' (cow’s urine), ''paya'' (cow’s milk), ''sura'' (alcoholic beverages), and ''kvatha'' (herbal decoctions) are to be added, particularly hot water should be added as it is not antagonistic to ''[[dhatu]]'' and is source of ''[[rasa dhatu]]'' (nutrient fluid).[13-14]

=== ''Prakshepa'' (additives) to enema solutions ===

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</div></div>

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''Suradaru'' (Cedrus deodara), ''shatahva'' (Anethum sowa), ''ela'' (Elletaria cardamom), ''kushtha'' (Sassurea lappa), ''madhuka'' ( Glycerrhiza glabra), ''pippali'' (Piper Longum), ''madhu, sneha'' (unctuous substances like ghee/oil/muscle fat/bone marrow), ''urdhvanulomabhagah'' (drugs inducing vomiting, purgation), ''sarshapa'' (Brassica camprestris), ''sharkara'' (sugar), ''lavanam'' are to be added to the enema solution. Among these ingredients which are to be added in which kind of enema and with what kind of decoction will be described hereafter. In disease conditions which are chronic, obstinate and severe, ''anuvasana'' and ''niruha basti'' prepared with strong decoction and later added with strong ingredients should be used. While in opposite disease conditions (which are mild and of recent origin) ingredients having mild effects should be used. [15-17]

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''Suradaru'' (Cedrus deodara), ''shatahva'' (Anethum sowa), ''ela'' (Elletaria cardamom), ''kushtha'' (Sassurea lappa), ''madhuka'' ( Glycerrhiza glabra), ''pippali'' (Piper Longum), ''madhu, sneha'' (unctuous substances like ghee/oil/muscle fat/bone marrow), ''urdhvanulomabhagah'' (drugs inducing vomiting, purgation), ''sarshapa'' (Brassica camprestris), ''sharkara'' (sugar), ''lavanam'' are to be added to the enema solution. Among these ingredients which are to be added in which kind of enema and with what kind of decoction will be described hereafter. In disease conditions which are chronic, obstinate and severe, ''anuvasana'' and ''niruha [[basti]]'' prepared with strong decoction and later added with strong ingredients should be used. While in opposite disease conditions (which are mild and of recent origin) ingredients having mild effects should be used. [15-17]

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=== ''Vata dosha'' pacifying ''basti'' formulations ===

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=== ''[[Vata dosha]]'' pacifying ''[[basti]]'' formulations ===

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</div></div>

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Listen to the comprehensive description of fruitful formulations of ''basti'' in different diseases, each one of which is described in half verse as follows:

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Listen to the comprehensive description of fruitful formulations of ''[[basti]]'' in different diseases, each one of which is described in half verse as follows:

These formulations contain the drugs which are harmonious to each other in potency and proportion and added with suitable drugs as ''alodana/avapa'' (drugs which are added later on to the main formulation).

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Three formulations of ''basti'' for ''vata'' disorders:

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Three formulations of ''[[basti]]'' for ''[[vata]]'' disorders:

#''Bilva'' (Aegle marmelos), ''agnimanthah'' (Premna mucronata roxb.) ''shyonakah'' (Oroxylum indicum vent.,) ''kashmaryah'' (Gmelina arboria linn.), ''paatali''(Stereospermum serveolens).

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#''Yava'' (Hordeum vugare), ''kulattha'' (Dolichos biflones Linn.), ''kola'' (Ziziphus mauritiana Linn.), ''sthira'' (Desmodium gangeticum)

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These above three groups of drugs are to be used along with four types of unctuous substances (ghee, oil, muscle fat, bone marrow) and meat soup as ''basti'' in diseases caused by ''vata''. [18-20]

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These above three groups of drugs are to be used along with four types of unctuous substances (ghee, oil, muscle fat, bone marrow) and meat soup as ''[[basti]]'' in diseases caused by ''[[vata]]''. [18-20]

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=== ''Pitta dosha'' pacifying ''basti'' formulations ===

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=== ''[[Pitta dosha]]'' pacifying ''[[basti]]'' formulations ===

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</div></div>

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Three formulations of ''basti'' for ''pitta'' disorders:

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Three formulations of ''[[basti]]'' for ''[[pitta]]'' disorders:

#''Nala'' (Arundo donax), ''vanjula'' (Salix tetrasperma Roxb.), ''vaanira'' (Salix caprea Linn), ''shatapatrani'' (Rosa centifolia Linn), ''shaivalam'' (Ceratophyllum demursum Linn.)

#''Manjishtha'' (Rubia cordifolia Linn.), ''sariva'' (Hemidesmus indicus), ''ananta'' (Fagonia cretica Linn.), ''payasya'' (Ipomea batata), ''madhuyashthika'' (Glycerrhiza glabra).

#''Chandana'' (Santaluma album), ''padmak'' (Pranus cerasoides), ''usheeram''(Vetiveria zizanoidis), ''tungam''(Cocus nucifera).

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These above three groups of drugs are to be used along with sugar, honey, ghee and milk as ''basti'' in diseases caused by ''pitta''. [21-22]

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These above three groups of drugs are to be used along with sugar, honey, ghee and milk as ''[[basti]]'' in diseases caused by ''[[pitta]]''. [21-22]

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=== ''Kapha dosha'' pacifying ''basti'' formulations ===

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=== ''[[Kapha dosha]]'' pacifying ''[[basti]]'' formulations ===

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</div></div>

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Three formulations of ''basti'' for ''kapha'' disorders are:

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Three formulations of ''[[basti]]'' for ''[[kapha]]'' disorders are:

#''Arka'' (Calatropis procera R. br.), ''alarka'' (Calatropis gigantia Linn.) ''ekashthīla'' (Cissampelos pariera), ''punarnava'' (Boerhavia diffusa).

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#''Pippali'' (Piper longum) and ''chitraka'' (Plumbago zeylanica Linn.)

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These above three groups of drugs are to be used along with ''kshara'' (alkali), honey, cow’s urine as ''basti'' in diseases caused by ''kapha''.[23-24]

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These above three groups of drugs are to be used along with ''kshara'' (alkali), honey, cow’s urine as ''[[basti]]'' in diseases caused by ''[[kapha]]''.[23-24]

−

=== ''Pakvashaya shodhaka basti'' (colon cleansing enema) ===

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=== ''Pakvashaya shodhaka [[basti]]'' (colon cleansing enema) ===

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</div></div>

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Four formulations of ''basti'' for ''pakvashayavishodhanah'' (colon cleansing):

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Four formulations of ''[[basti]]'' for ''pakvashayavishodhanah'' (colon cleansing):

#''Phala'' (Randia spinosa Poir.), ''jimutaka'' (Luffa echinata Roxb.), ''ikshvaku'' (Lageraria siceraria Mol.), ''dhamargava'' (Luffa cylindrical Linn.), vatsaka (Holarrhena antidysentrica linn.)

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#''Saptala'' (Euphorbia dracunculoides Lamk.), ''shankhini'' (Ctenolepis Cerasiformis), ''lodhram'' (Symplocos racemosa roxb.), ''phalam'', ''kampillakasya'' (fruit of Mallotus philippinensis Muell arg.)

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These above four groups of drugs prepared with cow’s urine are to be used as ''basti'' for colon cleansing. These four groups of drugs can be used separately or jointly. [25-27]

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These above four groups of drugs prepared with cow’s urine are to be used as ''[[basti]]'' for colon cleansing. These four groups of drugs can be used separately or jointly. [25-27]

−

=== ''Basti'' formulations for enhancing ''shukra'' and ''mamsa'' (semen and muscle tissue) ===

+

=== ''[[Basti]]'' formulations for enhancing ''[[shukra]]'' and ''[[mamsa]]'' (semen and muscle tissue) ===

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#''Jalajanupajam mamsam'' (meat of aquatic and marshy land inhibiting animals).

−

These above four groups of drugs are to be used as ''basti'' for promotion of semen and muscle tissue. [28-29]

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These above four groups of drugs are to be used as ''[[basti]]'' for promotion of semen and muscle tissue. [28-29]

=== ''Sangrahi basti'' formulations (astringent action) ===

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</div></div>

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Four formulations of ''basti'' for ''saangraahika'' (astringent action):

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Four formulations of ''[[basti]]'' for ''saangraahika'' (astringent action):

#''Jeevanti'' (Leptadenia raticulata), ''agnimantha'' (Premna mucronata Roxb.), ''dhatakeepushpa'' (flower of Woodfordia fruticosa), ''vatsaka'' (Holarrhina antidysentrica).

#''Pragrahah'' (Cassia fistula), ''khadirah'' (Acasia catechu wild.), ''kushtham''(Sauserea Lappa), ''shami'' (Prosopis cineraria Druce.), ''pindeetak'' (Randia prunus), ''yava'' (barley).

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These above four groups of drugs are to be used as ''sangrahika basti''. [30-31]

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=== ''Basti'' formulations in ''parisraava'' (excessive secretions from the body) ===

+

=== ''[[Basti]]'' formulations in ''parisraava'' (excessive secretions from the body) ===

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</div></div>

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Two formulations of ''basti'' for arresting ''parisraava'' (excessive secretions from the body):

+

Two formulations of ''[[basti]]'' for arresting ''parisraava'' (excessive secretions from the body):

#Milk boiled with ''vrishcheera'' (Trianthema portulacastrum) and ''punarnavam'' (Boerhavia diffusa Linn.).

#Milk boiled with ''akhuparnika'' (kidney leaved ipomea) and ''tanduliyaka'' (prickly amaranth).[32]

−

=== ''Basti'' formulations in ''daha'' (burning sensation in the body)===

+

=== ''[[Basti]]'' formulations in ''daha'' (burning sensation in the body)===

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</div></div>

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Two formulations of ''basti'' for reducing ''daha'' (burning sensation):

+

Two formulations of ''[[basti]]'' for reducing ''daha'' (burning sensation):

#''Kalankataka'' (Cassia saphora), ''kandekshu'' (Sacharum spontaneum), ''darbha'' (Desmostachya bipinnata), ''potagal'' (Arundo donax Linn.), ''ikshu'' (sugar cane).

#''Utpaladibhih'' (blue water lily and other aquatic plants of its group)

−

These above two groups of drugs along with milk and ghee used as ''basti'' relieve ''daha''. [33]

+

These above two groups of drugs along with milk and ghee used as ''[[basti]]'' relieve ''daha''. [33]

−

=== ''Basti'' formulations in ''parikartika'' (fissure in ano) ===

+

=== ''[[Basti]]'' formulations in ''parikartika'' (fissure in ano) ===

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</div></div>

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Two formulations of ''basti'' for treating ''parikartika'' (cutting pain in anal region):

+

Two formulations of ''[[basti]]'' for treating ''parikartika'' (cutting pain in anal region):

−

#Milk cooked with ''karbudara'' (Bauhania variegate Linn.), ''adhaki'' (Pigeon pea), ''neepa'' (Anthrocephalus indicus), ''vidula'' (Barringtonia acutangula) and added with honey and sugar should be given as cold ''basti'' in ''parikartika'' by the physician.

+

#Milk cooked with ''karbudara'' (Bauhania variegate Linn.), ''adhaki'' (Pigeon pea), ''neepa'' (Anthrocephalus indicus), ''vidula'' (Barringtonia acutangula) and added with honey and sugar should be given as cold ''[[basti]]'' in ''parikartika'' by the physician.

−

#Milk cooked with stalks of ''shriparni'' (Gmelina arboria) and ''kovidara'' (Bauhania purpuria) and added with honey and sugar should be given as cold ''basti'' in ''parikartika'' by the good physician who have a correct knowledge of therapeutics. [34-35]

+

#Milk cooked with stalks of ''shriparni'' (Gmelina arboria) and ''kovidara'' (Bauhania purpuria) and added with honey and sugar should be given as cold ''[[basti]]'' in ''parikartika'' by the good physician who have a correct knowledge of therapeutics. [34-35]

−

=== ''Basti'' formulations in ''pravahika'' (tenesmus) ===

+

=== ''[[Basti]]'' formulations in ''pravahika'' (tenesmus) ===

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</div></div>

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Two formulations of ''basti'' beneficial in ''pravahan'' (Tenesmus):

+

Two formulations of ''[[basti]]'' beneficial in ''pravahan'' (Tenesmus):

−

Milk prepared with the stalk of ''shalmali'' (Shalmali malabarica) mixed with ghee and milk prepared with the resin of ''shalmali'' (Shalmali malabarica) mixed with ghee used as ''basti'' are beneficial in ''pravahan''.[36]

+

Milk prepared with the stalk of ''shalmali'' (Shalmali malabarica) mixed with ghee and milk prepared with the resin of ''shalmali'' (Shalmali malabarica) mixed with ghee used as ''[[basti]]'' are beneficial in ''pravahan''.[36]

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</div></div>

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Two formulations of ''basti'' for treating the complications due to over action of ''basti'':

+

Two formulations of ''[[basti]]'' for treating the complications due to over action of ''[[basti]]'':

#Milk prepared with ''ashvavarohika'' (Withania somnifera or Dipterocarpus turbinatus), ''kakanasa'' (Martynia annua Linn.), ''rajakasheruka'' (Scirpus tuberosus Desf.) mixed with honey, ''rasanjana'' (water extract of Berberis aristata) and ghee.

#Milk prepared with ''nyagrodh'' (Ficus bengalensis), ''udumbara'' (Ficus glomerata Roxb.), ''ashvattha'' (Ficus religiosa Linn.) and ''plaksha'' (Ficus lacor) mixed with honey, ''rasanjana'' (water extract of Berberis aristata) and ghee. [37-37½]

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</div></div>

−

Three formulations of ''basti'' for treating the ''jeevadana'' (life threatening bleeding):

+

Three formulations of ''[[basti]]'' for treating the ''jeevadana'' (life threatening bleeding):

#Milk prepared with ''brihati'' (Solanum indicum Linn.), ''ksheerakakoli'' (Roscoea procera/Lilium polyphyllum), ''prishniparni'' (Uraria picta), ''shatavari'' (Asperagus racemosus) and mixed with ghee and ''rasanjana'' (water extract of Berberis aristata)

#Milk prepared with ''kashmarya'' (Gmelina arborea Linn.), ''badari'' (Ziziphus jujuba), ''doorva'' (Cynodon dactylon Pers.), ''usheera'' (Vetiveria zizanoidis Linn.), ''priyangavah'' (Callicarpa macrophylla) and mixed with ghee and ''rasanjana'' (water extract of Berberis aristata)

#''Madhuka'' (Madhuka indica), ''madhuka'' (Glycerrhiza glabra), ''draksha'' (Vitis vinifera Linn.), ''doorva'' (Cynodon dactylon Pers.),''kashmarya'' (Gmelina arborea Linn.) and ''chandana'' (Santalum album Linn.).

−

These above three groups of drugs mixed with honey, sugar, milk of cow, sheep, goat or buffalo mixed with the paste of ''jeevaniya'' (life promoter) group of drugs and the fresh blood of rabbit, deer, chicken, cat, buffalo, sheep or goat and administered as cold ''basti'' is highly beneficial in ''jeevadana''. [38-42]

+

These above three groups of drugs mixed with honey, sugar, milk of cow, sheep, goat or buffalo mixed with the paste of ''jeevaniya'' (life promoter) group of drugs and the fresh blood of rabbit, deer, chicken, cat, buffalo, sheep or goat and administered as cold ''[[basti]]'' is highly beneficial in ''jeevadana''. [38-42]

−

=== ''Basti'' formulations in ''rakta-pitta'' (bleeding disorders) and ''prameha'' (excessive urination including diabetes mellitus) ===

+

=== ''[[Basti]]'' formulations in ''rakta-pitta'' (bleeding disorders) and ''prameha'' (excessive urination including diabetes mellitus) ===

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</div></div>

−

Two formulations of ''basti'' for treating the ''raktapitta'' (bleeding disorders):

+

Two formulations of ''[[basti]]'' for treating the ''raktapitta'' (bleeding disorders):

#Decoction of ''manjishtha'' (Rubia cardifolia), ''sariva'' (Hemidesmus indicus), ''ananta'' (Fagonia cretica Linn.), ''payasya'' (Ipomea batata), and ''madhuka'' (Glycerrhiza glabra)

#Decoction of ''chandana'' (Santalum album Linn), ''draksha'' (Vitis vinifera Linn.), ''dhatriphala'' (fruit of embellica officinalis), ''utpala'' (blue lotus) mixed with sugar and honey.

−

One formulation of ''basti'' for treating the ''prameha'' (excessive urination including diabetes mellitus):

+

One formulation of ''[[basti]]'' for treating the ''prameha'' (excessive urination including diabetes mellitus):

#Decoction of ''somavalka'' (Acacia farnisiana wild.). [43]

−

=== ''Basti'' formulations in various diseases ===

+

=== ''[[Basti]]'' formulations in various diseases ===

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</div></div>

−

In conditions of ''gulma'' (abdominal lumps), ''atisara'' (diarrhea), ''udavarta'' (upward movement of ''vata'' in abdomen), ''stambha'' (stiffness), ''sankuchita'' (contractures), ''sarvanga roga'' (paralysis of the whole body), ''ekanga roga'' (paralysis of one limb) and for such other diseases the discerning physician should administer fruitful ''basti'' prepared with the drugs appropriate for each disease condition by adopting the method described earlier. [44-45]

+

In conditions of ''gulma'' (abdominal lumps), ''atisara'' (diarrhea), ''udavarta'' (upward movement of ''[[vata]]'' in abdomen), ''stambha'' (stiffness), ''sankuchita'' (contractures), ''sarvanga roga'' (paralysis of the whole body), ''ekanga roga'' (paralysis of one limb) and for such other diseases the discerning physician should administer fruitful ''[[basti]]'' prepared with the drugs appropriate for each disease condition by adopting the method described earlier. [44-45]

=== Summary ===

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To sum up:

−

In this chapter, thirty seven excellent formulations of ''basti'' containing less number of ingredients, which are easily available and devoid of discomfort are described as follows:

+

In this chapter, thirty seven excellent formulations of ''[[basti]]'' containing less number of ingredients, which are easily available and devoid of discomfort are described as follows:

−

*Three formulations of ''basti'' each for ''vata, pitta'' and ''kapha'' diseases.

+

*Three formulations of ''[[basti]]'' each for ''[[vata]], [[pitta]]'' and ''[[kapha]]'' diseases.

−

*Four formulations of ''basti'' each for cleansing the colon, for promotion of virility and for astringent action.

+

*Four formulations of ''[[basti]]'' each for cleansing the colon, for promotion of virility and for astringent action.

−

*Two formulations of ''basti'' each for excessive secretion, burning sensation, cutting pain in anal region, tenesmus, over action of ''basti''.

+

*Two formulations of ''[[basti]]'' each for excessive secretion, burning sensation, cutting pain in anal region, tenesmus, over action of ''[[basti]]''.

−

*Three formulations of ''basti'' for life threatening bleeding.

+

*Three formulations of ''[[basti]]'' for life threatening bleeding.

−

*Two formulations of ''basti'' for bleeding disorder and one formulation of ''basti'' for excessive urination including diabetes mellitus. [46-48]

+

*Two formulations of ''[[basti]]'' for bleeding disorder and one formulation of ''[[basti]]'' for excessive urination including diabetes mellitus. [46-48]

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== Tattva Vimarsha (Fundamental Principles) ==

−

*In order to attain curative effects, ''basti'' should be properly administered in accordance to the strength of the patient, ''dosha'', time, nature of the disease and constitution of the person by using the specific group of drugs prescribed for the treatment of the respective diseases.

+

*In order to attain curative effects, ''[[basti]]'' should be properly administered in accordance to the strength of the patient, ''[[dosha]]'', time, nature of the disease and constitution of the person by using the specific group of drugs prescribed for the treatment of the respective diseases.

−

*''Basti'' (trans rectal drug administration through enema) is the fast acting and comfortable cleansing therapy that any other therapeutic procedures. It can lead to immediate depletion and replenishment.

+

*''[[Basti]]'' (trans rectal drug administration through enema) is the fast acting and comfortable cleansing therapy that any other therapeutic procedures. It can lead to immediate depletion and replenishment.

−

*The ''basti'' is advantageous over ''virechana'' (therapeutic purgation) as it can be administered in children and old age with comfortable cleansing effect.

+

*The ''[[basti]]'' is advantageous over ''[[virechana]]'' (therapeutic purgation) as it can be administered in children and old age with comfortable cleansing effect.

−

*''Basti'' is beneficial for the patients of affliction of ''vata'' disorders including conditions like ''sankuchita'' (contractures), ''stabdha'' (stiffness), ''bhagna'' (fractures), ''vitsanga'' (constipation), ''adhmana'' (gaseous distention of abdomen), ''aruchi'' (anorexia), ''parikartika'' (cutting pain in anal region), ''rug'' (pain) etc.

+

*''[[Basti]]'' is beneficial for the patients of affliction of ''[[vata]]'' disorders including conditions like ''sankuchita'' (contractures), ''stabdha'' (stiffness), ''bhagna'' (fractures), ''vitsanga'' (constipation), ''adhmana'' (gaseous distention of abdomen), ''aruchi'' (anorexia), ''parikartika'' (cutting pain in anal region), ''rug'' (pain) etc.

−

*''Ushnarta'' (patients afflicted with heat) should be given cold ''basti'' and for ''shitarta'' (those who are afflicted with cold) should be given warm ''basti'' by using suitable drugs based on proper reasoning.

+

*''Ushnarta'' (patients afflicted with heat) should be given cold ''[[basti]]'' and for ''shitarta'' (those who are afflicted with cold) should be given warm ''[[basti]]'' by using suitable drugs based on proper reasoning.

−

*Nourishing type of ''basti'' (''brimhana anuvasana basti'') is contraindicated in the persons who are suitable for cleansing treatments and to the patients suffering with the diseases indicated for cleansing treatments like obesity, skin diseases and excessive urination including diabetes.

+

*Nourishing type of ''[[basti]]'' (''[[brimhana]] anuvasana [[basti]]'') is contraindicated in the persons who are suitable for cleansing treatments and to the patients suffering with the diseases indicated for cleansing treatments like obesity, skin diseases and excessive urination including diabetes.

−

*Cleansing ''basti'' (''shodhana asthapana basti'') is contraindicated in the persons who are suffering from consumption, phthisis, debility, fainting, emaciation, dehydration of the body, as well as in those whose life is sustained due to retention of ''dosha'' itself.

+

*Cleansing ''[[basti]]'' (''[[shodhana]] asthapana [[basti]]'') is contraindicated in the persons who are suffering from consumption, phthisis, debility, fainting, emaciation, dehydration of the body, as well as in those whose life is sustained due to retention of ''[[dosha]]'' itself.

−

*The specific liquid media for preparing ''basti'' solution, drugs for preparing formulations and additives shall be decided as per ''dosha'' dominance and disease specificity. ''Basti'' formulation can be made more potent and suitable to particular ''dosha'' or condition by adding appropriate drugs to the main formulation like adding ghee and milk to achieve more aphrodisiac effect.

+

*The specific liquid media for preparing ''[[basti]]'' solution, drugs for preparing formulations and additives shall be decided as per ''[[dosha]]'' dominance and disease specificity. ''[[Basti]]'' formulation can be made more potent and suitable to particular ''[[dosha]]'' or condition by adding appropriate drugs to the main formulation like adding ghee and milk to achieve more aphrodisiac effect.

== Vidhi Vimarsha (Applied Inferences ) ==

−

Apart from selection of ''basti'' for treating ''vata'', it should be selected in accordance to the disease (3).

+

Apart from selection of ''[[basti]]'' for treating ''[[vata]]'', it should be selected in accordance to the disease (3).

−

The concept described in verse 4 can be explained with the example that the ''kshaara basti'' indicated in the treatment of ''amavata'' may not be suitable if the patient is devoid of ''bala'', with the dominance of ''vata dosha'', ''vata prakriti'', and in ''grishma ritu'' (4).

+

The concept described in verse 4 can be explained with the example that the ''kshaara basti'' indicated in the treatment of ''amavata'' may not be suitable if the patient is devoid of ''bala'', with the dominance of ''[[vata dosha]]'', ''[[vata]] [[prakriti]]'', and in ''grishma ritu'' (4).

−

During emergency where immediate cleansing or rapid nourishment is required without much preparation ''basti'' can be safely used (5).

+

During emergency where immediate cleansing or rapid nourishment is required without much preparation ''[[basti]]'' can be safely used (5).

−

''Virechana'' drugs are unpalatable and may produce some sort of discomfort and not suitable in children and aged people, whereas ''basti'' can be given in all age groups and capable of producing all type of action. When the drug is unpalatable, oral administration of medicine is difficult and rectal administration can be easily done. ''Virechana'' may result in severe fluid loss and electrolyte imbalance causing dehydration and subsequent complications hence should be avoided in weak persons like children and aged on the other hand ''basti'' may not cause such severe fluid loss or electrolyte imbalance hence it is safe to use ''basti'' in any age group; moreover any desired effect can be achieved by ''basti'' like by using ''lekhana basti'' one can cause ''lekhana'' ( weight reduction), by using ''vrishya basti'' (aphrodisiac) one can increase the virility.

+

''[[Virechana]]'' drugs are unpalatable and may produce some sort of discomfort and not suitable in children and aged people, whereas ''[[basti]]'' can be given in all age groups and capable of producing all type of action. When the drug is unpalatable, oral administration of medicine is difficult and rectal administration can be easily done. ''[[Virechana]]'' may result in severe fluid loss and electrolyte imbalance causing dehydration and subsequent complications hence should be avoided in weak persons like children and aged on the other hand ''[[basti]]'' may not cause such severe fluid loss or electrolyte imbalance hence it is safe to use ''[[basti]]'' in any age group; moreover any desired effect can be achieved by ''[[basti]]'' like by using ''lekhana basti'' one can cause ''lekhana'' ( weight reduction), by using ''vrishya basti'' (aphrodisiac) one can increase the virility.

−

When the oral root cannot be used for some reasons (e.g. Ca oesophagus, stomach) , ''basti'' can be a great help to maintain and nourish the patient by giving ''yapana, brimhana'' types of ''basti''. [6-8].

+

When the oral root cannot be used for some reasons (e.g. Ca oesophagus, stomach) , ''[[basti]]'' can be a great help to maintain and nourish the patient by giving ''yapana, [[brimhana]]'' types of ''[[basti]]''. [6-8].

−

The above principle can be explained by these examples viz. ''raktapitta'' is due to excessive heat hence in the treatment cold ''basti'' is indicated on the other hand ''amavata'' is due to excessive cold hence in the treatment hot ''basti'' like ''kshara basti'' is indicated (10).

+

The above principle can be explained by these examples viz. ''raktapitta'' is due to excessive heat hence in the treatment cold ''[[basti]]'' is indicated on the other hand ''amavata'' is due to excessive cold hence in the treatment hot ''[[basti]]'' like ''kshara basti'' is indicated (10).

−

Always one should take a precaution before selecting the type of ''basti''; cleansing ''basti'' should never be given in emaciated, debilitated or dehydrated persons because even mild loss of fluid and electrolytes may result in fall of blood pressure and subsequently shock, replenishing ''basti'' should never be given in obesity which may cause further increase in weight and adiposity (11-12).

+

Always one should take a precaution before selecting the type of ''[[basti]]''; cleansing ''[[basti]]'' should never be given in emaciated, debilitated or dehydrated persons because even mild loss of fluid and electrolytes may result in fall of blood pressure and subsequently shock, replenishing ''[[basti]]'' should never be given in obesity which may cause further increase in weight and adiposity (11-12).

−

The use of specific ''avapa'' can be explained with examples viz. ''ushakadi gana prativapa'' is added in ''lekhana basti'' (Su. Ci. 38/82) to achieve more ''lekhana'' effect, ''mamsarasa'' is added in ''mustadi yapana basti'' ~~(Ca~~. Si. 12/16-1) to make it more suitable for ''vata'' and to enhance its ability to nourish ''~~mamsadhatu~~''. ''Ushna jala'' is added in ''basti'' because it causes ''shrotoshodhana'' and ''vatanulomana'' which are essential actions in ''basti karma'' apart from its suitability to all ''dosha'' and ''dhatu'' (13-17).

+

The use of specific ''avapa'' can be explained with examples viz. ''ushakadi gana prativapa'' is added in ''lekhana basti'' [Su.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 38/82] to achieve more ''lekhana'' effect, ''mamsarasa'' is added in ''mustadi yapana basti'' [Cha.Sa.[[Siddhi Sthana]] 12/16-1] to make it more suitable for ''[[vata]]'' and to enhance its ability to nourish ''[[mamsa dhatu]]''. ''Ushna jala'' is added in ''[[basti]]'' because it causes ''shrotoshodhana'' and ''vatanulomana'' which are essential actions in ''[[basti]] karma'' apart from its suitability to all ''[[dosha]]'' and ''[[dhatu]]'' (13-17).

−

''Dashamula basti'' for ''vata'' disorders, ''yashtimadhu ksheera basti'' for ''pitta'' disorders and ''lekhana basti'' prepared with ''triphala'', alkali and cow urine for ''kapha'' disorders are some of the common ''basti'' in practice for specific ''dosha''.

+

''Dashamula basti'' for ''[[vata]]'' disorders, ''yashtimadhu ksheera basti'' for ''[[pitta]]'' disorders and ''lekhana basti'' prepared with ''triphala'', alkali and cow urine for ''[[kapha]]'' disorders are some of the common ''[[basti]]'' in practice for specific ''[[dosha]]''.

−

''Vata hara'' drugs are used along with fat and meat soup in preparing ''basti'' for ''vata'' disorders, ''pitta hara'' drugs are used along with fat and milk in preparing ''basti'' for ''pitta'' disorders and ''kapha hara'' drugs are used along with alkali, cow urine and little fat in preparing ''basti'' for ''kapha'' disorders (19 - 24).

+

''[[Vata]] hara'' drugs are used along with fat and meat soup in preparing ''[[basti]]'' for ''[[vata]]'' disorders, ''[[pitta]] hara'' drugs are used along with fat and milk in preparing ''[[basti]]'' for ''[[pitta]]'' disorders and ''[[kapha]] hara'' drugs are used along with alkali, cow urine and little fat in preparing ''[[basti]]'' for ''[[kapha]]'' disorders (19 - 24).

−

Mainly cleansing (both purgative and emetic) drugs are used in colon cleansing ''basti'' by effectively cleansing ''pakvashaya'' which helps in regulating ''vata dosha'', not only in ''pakvashaya'' but all over the body (25-27).

+

Mainly cleansing (both purgative and emetic) drugs are used in colon cleansing ''[[basti]]'' by effectively cleansing ''pakvashaya'' which helps in regulating ''[[vata dosha]]'', not only in ''pakvashaya'' but all over the body (25-27).

Mainly aphrodisiac and rejuvenating drugs and high protein substances are used in ''shukramamsalaḥ basti''. Few researches were conducted at IPGT&RA, Jamnagar, India on ''shukramamsalaḥ basti'' by using some of these drugs to find out their effect on seminal parameters and sexual functioning. Positive effect was noted on both of these parameters (28-29). Ref.

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''Sangrahika basti'' can be of use in chronic conditions of ''atisara'' to arrest fluid loss and dehydration (30-31).

−

Both ''parisraava'' and ''daha'' are mainly due to ''pitta'' hence milk based ''basti'' are advised for these conditions further for effective management of ''daha'' ghee is added and mainly ''pitta hara'' drugs are used (32-33).

+

Both ''parisraava'' and ''daha'' are mainly due to ''[[pitta]]'' hence milk based ''[[basti]]'' are advised for these conditions further for effective management of ''daha'' ghee is added and mainly ''[[pitta]] hara'' drugs are used (32-33).

−

In ''parikartika'' to manage cutting pain and promote healing cold ''basti'' of medicated milk with honey and sugar is advised (34-35).

+

In ''parikartika'' to manage cutting pain and promote healing cold ''[[basti]]'' of medicated milk with honey and sugar is advised (34-35).

''Piccha basti'' is described for the treatment of ''pravahika'', one of the main ingredients of ''piccha basti'' is ''shalmali'' (Ca. Ci. 15/225-229); ''shalmali'' is rich in mucilage content which helps for wound healing. The disease ''pravahika'' is correlated with ulcerative colitis and in clinical practice ''piccha basti''is given in ulcerative colitis shown encouraging result in terms of reduction in symptoms like tenesmus and mucus and blood discharge with stool. ''Shalmali'' is rich in ''picchila'' (slimy) property which causes ''ropana'' (wound healing) and reduces pain hence used in ''pravahana'' in which there is painful mucus discharge with stool (36)

−

''Nyagrodh'' and similar plants are rich in tannin hence used as astringent to stop diarrhea. In ''atiyoga'' of ''basti'' there will be excessive diarrhea in order to stop it mainly ''grahi'' (astringent) drugs like ''nyagrodh'' etc. are used. ''Atiyoga'' accounts for depletion of ''dhatu'' as well as aggravation of ''vata''; to arrest elimination of ''dhatu'' astringent drugs are selected and they are administered through medium of milk which is nourishing and also pacifies ''vata'' (37-38).

+

''Nyagrodh'' and similar plants are rich in tannin hence used as astringent to stop diarrhea. In ''atiyoga'' of ''[[basti]]'' there will be excessive diarrhea in order to stop it mainly ''grahi'' (astringent) drugs like ''nyagrodh'' etc. are used. ''Atiyoga'' accounts for depletion of ''[dhatu]]'' as well as aggravation of ''[[vata]]''; to arrest elimination of ''dhatu'' astringent drugs are selected and they are administered through medium of milk which is nourishing and also pacifies ''[[vata]]'' (37-38).

−

Mainly ''rakta basti'' is prepared by using ''pitta shamaka'', ''jeevaniya'' drugs and fresh blood of animals. In ''jeevadana'' and ''raktapitta'' there is aggravation of ''pitta'' and excessive loss of blood from the body. Based on the principle of ''dravya samanya'' the fresh blood of specific animals is used along with other ''jeevaniya'' (life promoting) drugs as ''rakta basti'' to make up for severe blood loss, faster than any other remedial measures, it is a classical example of application of fundamental principle of ''samanya'' (38-43).

+

Mainly ''[[rakta]] [[basti]]'' is prepared by using ''[[pitta]] shamaka'', ''jeevaniya'' drugs and fresh blood of animals. In ''jeevadana'' and ''raktapitta'' there is aggravation of ''[[pitta]]'' and excessive loss of blood from the body. Based on the principle of ''dravya samanya'' the fresh blood of specific animals is used along with other ''jeevaniya'' (life promoting) drugs as ''[[rakta]] [[basti]]'' to make up for severe blood loss, faster than any other remedial measures, it is a classical example of application of fundamental principle of ''samanya'' (38-43).

−

''Basti'' can be used as rectal route of drug administration in any disease by using specific drugs in accordance to the disease and disease specific ''basti'' can be designed. (44-45).

+

''[[Basti]]'' can be used as rectal route of drug administration in any disease by using specific drugs in accordance to the disease and disease specific ''[[basti]]'' can be designed. (44-45).

=== Further reading ===

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