Changes

Modern phytochemistry suggests that Saponin containing drugs act like irritants due to their foam producing action. Through this mechanism, drugs like madana, ikshvaku, jimutaka, kritvedhana may produce emesis. Till date there is no research work carried out on biological activity of kurchine regarding emesis. Drugs containing anthroquinone derivatives tend to be good laxatives. Therefore anthraqinone containing drugs like argvadha act as good virechaka drugs.

Modern phytochemistry suggests that Saponin containing drugs act like irritants due to their foam producing action. Through this mechanism, drugs like madana, ikshvaku, jimutaka, kritvedhana may produce emesis. Till date there is no research work carried out on biological activity of kurchine regarding emesis. Drugs containing anthroquinone derivatives tend to be good laxatives. Therefore anthraqinone containing drugs like argvadha act as good virechaka drugs.

Ayurvedic classical texts atributed anti-diarrhoel activity to kutaja (Stem bark & seeds). Charak included kutaja under emetics. It may be interpreted that kutaja in emetic doses induces vomiting, while in sub-emetic or therapeutic doses controls diarrhea. According to modern pharmacology “the emetic drugs in sub-emetic doses acts as bronchodilators”  indicates that alteration of the dose of the drug can produce different pharmacological actions.<ref>Satoskar RS, Bhandarkar SD, Ainapure SS. Pharmacology and Pharmaco- therapeutics. Revised 16th edn. Popular Prakashan Private Limited. Mumbai; 1999.</ref> It can be presumed that kutaja in emetic doses produces vomiting at the level of upper gastrointestinal tract, while the therapeutic dose of the drug controls diarrhea at the level of lower gastrointestinal tract.  

Ayurvedic classical texts atributed anti-diarrhoel activity to kutaja (Stem bark & seeds). Charak included kutaja under emetics. It may be interpreted that kutaja in emetic doses induces vomiting, while in sub-emetic or therapeutic doses controls diarrhea. According to modern pharmacology “the emetic drugs in sub-emetic doses acts as bronchodilators”  indicates that alteration of the dose of the drug can produce different pharmacological actions.<ref>Satoskar RS, Bhandarkar SD, Ainapure SS. Pharmacology and Pharmaco- therapeutics. Revised 16th edn. Popular Prakashan Private Limited. Mumbai; 1999.</ref> It can be presumed that kutaja in emetic doses produces vomiting at the level of upper gastrointestinal tract, while the therapeutic dose of the drug controls diarrhea at the level of lower gastrointestinal tract.  

''Vamanopaga'' drugs (synergistic drugs to [[vamana]] karma) like kovidara, karbudara, shanapushpi, pratyakpushpi possess [[agni]] and [[ vayu mahabhuta ]] dominance can support main [[vamana]] dravya for emetic action, while drugs like draksha, kashmariphala, parushaka, badara, kuvala, peelu, karkandhu are [[prithvi]] and [[apa mahabhuta]] dominant drugs, which can support the main ''virechaka'' drugs for inducing purgative action.

''Vamanopaga'' drugs (synergistic drugs to [[vamana]] karma) like kovidara, karbudara, shanapushpi, pratyakpushpi possess [[agni]] and [[ vayu mahabhuta ]] dominance can support main [[vamana]] dravya for emetic action, while drugs like draksha, kashmariphala, parushaka, badara, kuvala, peelu, karkandhu are [[prithvi]] and [[jala mahabhuta]] dominant drugs, which can support the main ''virechaka'' drugs for inducing purgative action.

To summarize the content of ''Kalpa sthana'' of Charak samhita it appears that the information about most popular emetic and purgative drugs with various dosage forms is furnished. And more research is required to explain modus operandii of emetic and purgative drugs and their therapeutic applicability through evidence based clinical trials which were in vogue during those times.

To summarize the content of ''Kalpa sthana'' of Charak samhita it appears that the information about most popular emetic and purgative drugs with various dosage forms is furnished. And more research is required to explain modus operandii of emetic and purgative drugs and their therapeutic applicability through evidence based clinical trials which were in vogue during those times.