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== Vidhi Vimarsha (Applied Inferences) ==

== Vidhi Vimarsha (Applied Inferences) ==

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The drugs mentioned in verse 3-7 are found effective as ''kushthaghna'' (effective in skin diseases), ''kandughna'' (effective in pruritus) and ''arshoghna'' (effective in hemorrhoids) ''mahakashaya''. ''Kuṭaja'' is indicated in bleeding hemorrhoids while ''bhallataka'' is indicated in non-bleeding ones. By adding these two drugs of opposing action, their spectrum of action is enhanced considerably. Their ability to penetrate the affected areas is enhanced further when admixed with ''gopitta'' and mustard oil. This combination is particularly effective in treating rectal fistula and hemorrhoids. Sulfur is effective in treating most of the skin diseases and ''neem'' is a rich source of sulfur. Minerals like ''manahshila, kasisa'' and ''praval'' are used commonly for treating skin diseases because of their richness in sulfur. In psoriasis there is a deficiency of fatty acids, sulfur and immunoglobulins in the skin. Oil, ghrita, milk, ''neem'' (Azadirachta Indica) and ''amrita'' (Tinospora cordifolia) preparations help in correcting those deficiencies. The use of ''atasi'' (flax) poultice has anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect in ''vata vyadhi''. ''Amrita'' (Tinospora cordifolia) and ''yashtimadhu'' (liquorice) have anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties and are used for ''vatarakta''. ''Vesavara'' and ''dashamoola'' are used as analgesics. ''Dashamoola'' has analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-platelet properties. ''Shirisha'' (Albizia lebbeck) is indicated as the best drug for treating dermal toxicity.

The drugs mentioned in verse 3-7 are found effective as ''kushthaghna'' (effective in skin diseases), ''kandughna'' (effective in pruritus) and ''arshoghna'' (effective in hemorrhoids) ''mahakashaya''. ''Kuṭaja'' is indicated in bleeding hemorrhoids while ''bhallataka'' is indicated in non-bleeding ones. By adding these two drugs of opposing action, their spectrum of action is enhanced considerably. Their ability to penetrate the affected areas is enhanced further when admixed with ''gopitta'' and mustard oil. This combination is particularly effective in treating rectal fistula and hemorrhoids. Sulfur is effective in treating most of the skin diseases and ''neem'' is a rich source of sulfur. Minerals like ''manahshila, kasisa'' and ''praval'' are used commonly for treating skin diseases because of their richness in sulfur. In psoriasis there is a deficiency of fatty acids, sulfur and immunoglobulins in the skin. Oil, ghrita, milk, ''neem'' (Azadirachta Indica) and ''amrita'' (Tinospora cordifolia) preparations help in correcting those deficiencies. The use of ''atasi'' (flax) poultice has anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect in ''vatavyadhi''. ''Amrita'' (Tinospora cordifolia) and ''yashtimadhu'' (liquorice) have anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties and are used for ''vatarakta''. ''Vesavara'' and ''dashamoola'' are used as analgesics. ''Dashamoola'' has analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-platelet properties. ''Shirisha'' (Albizia lebbeck) is indicated as the best drug for treating dermal toxicity.

Powdered drug is used most effectively in the form of ''udvartana'' (smearing or massaging powdered drugs) on body parts smeared in oil. [8-9]

Powdered drug is used most effectively in the form of ''udvartana'' (smearing or massaging powdered drugs) on body parts smeared in oil. [8-9]

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Indications

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Indications

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | --

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | --

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Pacifies ''vata-kapha'', cleanses, heals and alleviates inflammatory swelling and pain''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Pacifies ''[[vata]]-[[kapha]]'', cleanses, heals and alleviates inflammatory swelling and pain''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Normalizes ''rakta'' and ''pitta''

| rowspan="1" style="text-align: center;" | Normalizes ''[[rakta]]'' and ''[[pitta]]''

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==== Indication and contraindications ====

==== Indication and contraindications ====

Hot ''pradeha'' is indicated in ''vata'' and ''kapha'' ailments while cold ''pradeha'' in conditions due to ''pittaja'' and ''raktaja'' disorders. [Dalhana on Su.Sa.Sutra Sthana 18/6]<ref name=Susrutha/> It is also stated that ''alepa'' is indicated in non-suppurative, inflammatory swellings (''avidagdha sopha'') whereas ''pradeha/upnah'' (poultice) is used for suppurative swellings. [Dalhana on Su.Sa.Sutra Sthana 18/6-9]<ref name=Susrutha/> ''Pradeha'' could also be applied at night in case of swellings caused by ''vata'' and ''kapha''.[Dalhana on Su.Sa.Sutra Sthana 18/12-14]<ref name=Susrutha/>

Hot ''pradeha'' is indicated in ''[[vata]]'' and ''[[kapha]]'' ailments while cold ''pradeha'' in conditions due to ''pittaja'' and ''raktaja'' disorders. [Dalhana on Su.Sa.Sutra Sthana 18/6]<ref name=Susrutha/> It is also stated that ''alepa'' is indicated in non-suppurative, inflammatory swellings (''avidagdha sopha'') whereas ''pradeha/upnah'' (poultice) is used for suppurative swellings. [Dalhana on Su.Sa.Sutra Sthana 18/6-9]<ref name=Susrutha/> ''Pradeha'' could also be applied at night in case of swellings caused by ''[[vata]]'' and ''[[kapha]]''.[Dalhana on Su.Sa.Sutra Sthana 18/12-14]<ref name=Susrutha/>

Pastes should not be used at night. Stale paste, pastes applied on top of an existing layer, or repeating of used pastes are prohibited. [Su.Sa.Sutra Sthana 18/12-14]<ref name=Susrutha/>  

Pastes should not be used at night. Stale paste, pastes applied on top of an existing layer, or repeating of used pastes are prohibited. [Su.Sa.Sutra Sthana 18/12-14]<ref name=Susrutha/>  

===== Cross references of external medications in [[Kushtha Chikitsa]] =====

===== Cross references of external medications in [[Kushtha Chikitsa]] =====