Changes

== Untimely sleep (akala nidra) ==

== Untimely sleep (akala nidra) ==

Excess sleep during daytime is contraindicated in a healthy person. It provokes three [[dosha]] and can cause many ailments such as cough, respiratory discomforts, rhinitis, heaviness of head, body pain, anorexia, fever, impaired digestive power etc. [Su.Sa. Sharira Sthana 4/38]

Excess sleep during daytime is contraindicated in a healthy person. It provokes three [[dosha]] and can cause many ailments such as cough, respiratory discomforts, rhinitis, heaviness of head, body pain, anorexia, fever, impaired digestive power etc. [Su.Sa. Sharira Sthana 4/38]

Diseases of head, giddiness, disorientation, obstruction in body channels, hampered digestion, edema, nausea, nasal discharge, pain in one side of head, itching, pain and eruptions over skin, stupor, throat diseases, augmented activity of poisons are the untoward effects of improper and untimely sleep. [A.S. Sutra Sthana 9/30-33]  

Diseases of head, giddiness, disorientation, obstruction in body channels, hampered digestion, edema, nausea, nasal discharge, pain in one side of head, itching, pain and eruptions over skin, stupor, throat diseases, augmented activity of poisons are the untoward effects of improper and untimely sleep. [A.S. Sutra Sthana 9/30-33]  

The International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD-2) includes “excessive daytime sleepiness” (EDS) as an essential feature for three diagnostic categories: narcolepsy, hypersomnia and behaviourally induced insufficient sleep syndrome. It is also associated with various diseases, including psychiatric and neurological disorders, pulmonary and cardiac conditions.  

The International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD-2) includes “excessive daytime sleepiness” (EDS) as an essential feature for three diagnostic categories: narcolepsy, hypersomnia and behaviourally induced insufficient sleep syndrome. It is also associated with various diseases, including psychiatric and neurological disorders, pulmonary and cardiac conditions.  

===Indications of day time sleep===

===Indications of day time sleep===

Though day sleep is contraindicated in all seasons, it can be advised in certain conditions to maintain the equilibrium of [[dosha]] in health. It is advised in the summer season as the duration of the night is reduced. It is indicated in those who have exerted due to activities like singing, studying, alcohol consumption, copulation, purification procedures, strenuous work, and walking. The persons suffering from indigestion, external injuries and emaciation, excessive thirst, loose bowels, colicky pain, respiratory ailments, exhausted by a long journey, suffering from insanity or emotional outbursts, aged persons and children can sleep during day. This helps to maintain the equilibrium of tissues ([[dhatu]]), and endow strength in such conditions. [Cha. Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 21/39-42]

Though day sleep is contraindicated in all seasons, it can be advised in certain conditions to maintain the equilibrium of [[dosha]] in health.  

Day sleep is especially advised for those suffering from severe thirst, colic pain, hiccups and diarrhoea. [Su. Sa. Sharira Sthana 4/48]  

 

It is advised in the summer season as the duration of the night is reduced. It is indicated in those who have exerted due to activities like singing, studying, alcohol consumption, copulation, purification procedures, strenuous work, and walking. The persons suffering from indigestion, external injuries and emaciation, excessive thirst, loose bowels, colicky pain, respiratory ailments, exhausted by a long journey, suffering from insanity or emotional outbursts, aged persons and children can sleep during the day. This helps to maintain the equilibrium of tissues ([[dhatu]]), and endow strength in such conditions. [Cha. Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 21/39-42]

 

Day sleep is especially advised for those suffering from severe thirst, colic pain, hiccups, and diarrhoea. [Su. Sa. Sharira Sthana 4/48]  

===Contraindications of day sleep===

===Contraindications of day sleep===

Day sleep is prohibited in all seasons except the summer season and above conditions. It vitiates [[kapha]] and [[pitta]] [[dosha]]. Obese persons, those habituated to fatty diet, [[kapha]] [[prakriti]] individuals, those suffering from [[kapha]] predominant diseases and cumulative toxins (dushi visha) should not sleep during day. It can result in headaches, body pain, heaviness of the body, loss of appetite.[Cha. Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 21/44-47]  

Day sleep is prohibited in all seasons except the summer season and above conditions. It vitiates [[kapha]] and [[pitta]] [[dosha]]. Obese persons, those habituated to fatty diet, [[kapha]] [[prakriti]] individuals, those suffering from [[kapha]] predominant diseases and cumulative toxins (dushi visha) should not sleep during the day. It can result in headaches, body pain, heaviness of the body, loss of appetite.[Cha. Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 21/44-47]  

Duration of day time sleep:   Hungry persons or during starvation or fasting,  in a decreased state of body components like fat ([[meda]]), sweat ([[sweda]]), [[kapha]], [[rasa]] and [[rakta]] can sleep for 48 minutes (one muhurta) during daytime. Those who did not sleep during the night can sleep in the daytime. The duration of sleep shall be half the time of their night vigil. [Su. Sa. Sharira Sthana 4/38] This can help to maintain the biological rhythm of [[dosha]] and other body components.  

 

'''Duration of day time sleep:''' 

 

Hungry persons or during starvation or fasting,  in a decreased state of body components like fat ([[meda dhatu]]), sweat (sweda), [[kapha]], [[rasa]] and [[rakta]] can sleep for 48 minutes (one muhurta) during daytime. Those who did not sleep during the night can sleep in the daytime. The duration of sleep shall be half the time of their night vigil. [Su. Sa. Sharira Sthana 4/38] This can help to maintain the biological rhythm of [[dosha]] and other body components.

 

== Drowsiness (Tandra) ==

== Drowsiness (Tandra) ==

Tandra is a state similar to sleep. Aggravated [[kapha dosha]] is directed upwards in head by the [[vata dosha]]. This slows down the blood circulation to the head and leads to a state of loss of sensation and severe delusions. This state is called as “tandra”.[ A.S. Sutra Sthana 9/38-39]  In this state, the sense organs are non-receptive. The person feels sleepy with the heaviness of the body, excess yawning and exhaustion. [Su. Sa. Sharira Sthana 4/49] The eyes are wide open, eye-balls rolled in, dilated pupils, the outflow of tears and deranged eye lashes are seen in this condition. [A. S. Sutra Sthana 9/38-39]

Tandra is a state similar to sleep. Aggravated [[kapha dosha]] is directed upwards in head by the [[vata dosha]]. This slows down the blood circulation to the head and leads to a state of loss of sensation and severe delusions. This state is called as “tandra”.[ A.S. Sutra Sthana 9/38-39]  In this state, the sense organs are non-receptive. The person feels sleepy with the heaviness of the body, excess yawning and exhaustion. [Su. Sa. Sharira Sthana 4/49] The eyes are wide open, eye-balls rolled in, dilated pupils, the outflow of tears and deranged eye lashes are seen in this condition. [A. S. Sutra Sthana 9/38-39]