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Rasayana Adhyaya (view source)

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<big>'''Abstract'''</big>

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<div style="text-align:justify;">[[Rasayana]], the first chapter of the [[Chikitsa Sthana]] deals with one of the most important specialties of ''Ashtanga'' (eight branches)[[Ayurveda]], namely, ''Rasayana Tantra''. Rasayana means rejuvenation and anti-ageing therapies in [[Ayurveda]]. It also includes all measures for geriatric healthcare and immunity enhancement. [[Rasayana]] essentially denotes medicinal nutrition, rejuvenation, longevity, immune-enhancing and geriatric health care. The [[rasayana]] are not necessarily drugs. They may be in the form of a [[rasayana]] food, or a positive healthy life style with a [[rasayana]] effect or a [[rasayana]] drug or all the three together. The [[rasayana]] remedies promote good qualities of the cells and tissues of the body through improved nutrient effect, boosting the digestion, metabolism and/or augmenting the microcirculation and tissue perfusion. This chapter is divided in four ''padas'' (parts) dealing with different aspects of ~~''rasayana''~~ therapy.

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<div style="text-align:justify;">[[Rasayana]], the first chapter of the [[Chikitsa Sthana]] deals with one of the most important specialties of ''Ashtanga'' (eight branches)[[Ayurveda]], namely, ''Rasayana Tantra''. Rasayana means rejuvenation and anti-ageing therapies in [[Ayurveda]]. It also includes all measures for geriatric healthcare and immunity enhancement. [[Rasayana]] essentially denotes medicinal nutrition, rejuvenation, longevity, immune-enhancing and geriatric health care. The [[rasayana]] are not necessarily drugs. They may be in the form of a [[rasayana]] food, or a positive healthy life style with a [[rasayana]] effect or a [[rasayana]] drug or all the three together. The [[rasayana]] remedies promote good qualities of the cells and tissues of the body through improved nutrient effect, boosting the digestion, metabolism and/or augmenting the microcirculation and tissue perfusion. This chapter is divided in four ''padas'' (parts) dealing with different aspects of [[Rasayana]] therapy.

The four ''padas'' are named as:

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#''Kaumarabhritya'' - Gynecology. obstetrics and Pediatrics

#''Agada tantra'' - Toxicology

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#''Rasayana'' - Nutrition, Rejuvenation, Immunology and Geriatrics

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#[[Rasayana]] - Nutrition, Rejuvenation, Immunology and Geriatrics

#''Vajikarana'' - Sexology, Aphrodisiac and Reproduction

#''Bhuta Vidya'' - Psychiatry and Demonology

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The present chapter deals with ''Rasayana tantra'' of ''Ashtanga [[Ayurveda]]'' which has assumed a very high consideration in contemporary times in view of the potential role it could play today with increasing incidence of nutritional disorders, lifestyle related health issues and above all the rapid population aging world over, warranting newer strategies for geriatric health care and healthy aging where modern medicine has not much to offer.

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''Rasayana'' is the means of obtaining the best qualities of body cells and tissues and is able to defeat aging and disease. All ''rasayanas'' are ''ojovardhaka'' i.e. promoter of ''ojas'' or immune strength in the body, imparting ''vyadhikshamatva'' i.e. immunity in the body. The mode of action of ~~''rasayana''~~ remedies has been deliberated for long. Many scholars consider ~~''rasayana''~~ effect as the ''prabhava'' (specific therapeutic effect) of these remedies without really giving rational interpretation. However, Professor RH Singh et al (1972) have suggested that the ~~''rasayana''~~ remedies and measures act at three levels and produce subtle molecular nutrient and immune-enhancing effect with a range of secondary impacts such as improved nutritional status, immune-enhancing, longevity, healthy aging, promotion of health and prevention of disease. The three levels of action are:

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[[Rasayana]] is the means of obtaining the best qualities of body cells and tissues and is able to defeat aging and disease. All ''rasayanas'' are ''ojovardhaka'' i.e. promoter of ''ojas'' or immune strength in the body, imparting ''vyadhikshamatva'' i.e. immunity in the body. The mode of action of [[Rasayana]] remedies has been deliberated for long. Many scholars consider [[Rasayana]] effect as the ''prabhava'' (specific therapeutic effect) of these remedies without really giving rational interpretation. However, Professor RH Singh et al (1972) have suggested that the [[Rasayana]] remedies and measures act at three levels and produce subtle molecular nutrient and immune-enhancing effect with a range of secondary impacts such as improved nutritional status, immune-enhancing, longevity, healthy aging, promotion of health and prevention of disease. The three levels of action are:

#At the level of ''rasa'' acting as a direct nutrient enriching the nutrient value of plasma.

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#''Roganut'' or disease curing.

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The ''ojovardhaka'' remedies again are of two categories namely ~~''rasayana''~~ and ''vajikarana''. The chapter further describes the qualities of ~~''rasayana''~~ and the methods of its use. It specially dwells upon the best ~~''rasayana''~~ drugs like ''Amalaki, Abhaya, Chyavanaprasha, Brahma Rasayana, Amalaka Rasayana, Haritaki Yoga'' etc.

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The ''ojovardhaka'' remedies again are of two categories namely [[Rasayana]] and ''vajikarana''. The chapter further describes the qualities of [[Rasayana]] and the methods of its use. It specially dwells upon the best [[Rasayana]] drugs like ''Amalaki, Abhaya, Chyavanaprasha, Brahma Rasayana, Amalaka Rasayana, Haritaki Yoga'' etc.

The second part, ''Pranakamiya Rasayana Pada'', deliberates on ''rasayana prabhava'' with examples of certain special ''aushadhi rasayanas'' like ''Amalaki Ghrita, Amalakyavaleha, Amalaka Churna, Vidangavaleha, Nagabala Rasayana, Baladi Rasayana, Bhallataka Kshira'' etc.

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''Abheshaja'' (non-therapeutics) is also of two types – (1) ''badhana'' (acute), (2) ''sanubadhana'' (chronic).[5]

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==== Objective of ''Rasayana'' and ''Vajikarana'' ====

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==== Objective of [[Rasayana]] and ''Vajikarana'' ====

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</div></div>

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Therapeutics which promotes strength and immunity is categorized in ''vrishya'' (aphrodisiac) and ~~''rasayana''~~ (promotives), while the therapy of the second category is mostly applied for alleviation of disorders. The word ''prayah'' specially denotes only particularity because both the groups perform both the above functions namely, promotion of strength including immunity and alleviation of diseases. [5-6]

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Therapeutics which promotes strength and immunity is categorized in ''vrishya'' (aphrodisiac) and [[Rasayana]] (promotives), while the therapy of the second category is mostly applied for alleviation of disorders. The word ''prayah'' specially denotes only particularity because both the groups perform both the above functions namely, promotion of strength including immunity and alleviation of diseases. [5-6]

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==== Benefits of ''Rasayana'' ====

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==== Benefits of [[Rasayana]] ====

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</div></div>

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By promotive treatment, one attains longevity, memory, intelligence, freedom from illness, youthfulness, excellence of lustre, complexion and voice, optimum strength of physique and sense organs, perfection in deliberation, respectability and brilliance. ''Rasayana'' is the means of attaining excellent qualities of ''rasa'' etc. ''dhatus'' i.e. body cells and tissues. [7-8]

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By promotive treatment, one attains longevity, memory, intelligence, freedom from illness, youthfulness, excellence of lustre, complexion and voice, optimum strength of physique and sense organs, perfection in deliberation, respectability and brilliance. [[Rasayana]] is the means of attaining excellent qualities of ''rasa'' etc. ''dhatus'' i.e. body cells and tissues. [7-8]

==== Benefits of ''Vajikarana'' ====

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</div></div>

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Thus, the twofold promotive treatment for the healthy is described here. As regard the measures for alleviating diseases, those will be described in the concerned chapters on therapeutics. The sole purpose of therapeutics is to alleviate diseases. The method of ~~''rasayana''~~ has been described first and thereafter the aphrodisiac measures have been described. [13-14]

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Thus, the twofold promotive treatment for the healthy is described here. As regard the measures for alleviating diseases, those will be described in the concerned chapters on therapeutics. The sole purpose of therapeutics is to alleviate diseases. The method of [[Rasayana]] has been described first and thereafter the aphrodisiac measures have been described. [13-14]

==== ''Abheshaja'' (non-therapeutics) ====

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</div></div>

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The propounders have described two methods of the administration of ~~''rasayana''~~ therapy, namely:

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The propounders have described two methods of the administration of [[Rasayana]] therapy, namely:

#''kutipraveshika'' (indoor) and

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Firstly, the procedure of indoor treatment will be described. For this a cottage should be built in an auspicious ground, facing eastward or northward and in a locality inhabited by king, physicians and ''brahmanas'', holy saints, is free from dangers, is auspicious and has easy availability of necessary materials. The cottage should have sufficient space and height, three interior chambers one after the other, a small opening, and thick walls and should be comfortable for the seasons, neatly clean and favorable for the treatment. It should be impermeable for undesirable sound etc. (sense objects), free from women, equipped with necessary accessories and attended by physicians with medicines and ''brahmanas''.

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Now, in northerly course of the sun, bright fortnight and auspicious date, star, hour and ''karana'', one having clean- shaved, with strong restraint and memory, faith and focused mind, and stress-free state, feeling companionship with all the creatures, having worshipped the gods and ''brahmanas'' first and keeping the gods, cow and ''brahmanas'' to the right side, one should enter the cottage and be cleansed and thereafter when he feels happy and strong, he should use ~~''rasayana''~~ treatment. Further I shall talk about the cleansing procedures. [16-24]

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Now, in northerly course of the sun, bright fortnight and auspicious date, star, hour and ''karana'', one having clean- shaved, with strong restraint and memory, faith and focused mind, and stress-free state, feeling companionship with all the creatures, having worshipped the gods and ''brahmanas'' first and keeping the gods, cow and ''brahmanas'' to the right side, one should enter the cottage and be cleansed and thereafter when he feels happy and strong, he should use [[Rasayana]] treatment. Further I shall talk about the cleansing procedures. [16-24]

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==== Body purification before ~~''rasayana''~~ treatment ====

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==== Body purification before [[Rasayana]] treatment ====

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</div></div>

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The individual scheduled to undergo ~~''rasayana''~~ treatment, adequately oleated and fomented, should take formulations with hot water consisting of the powders of ''haritaki'', rock salt, ''amalaka'', jaggery, ''vacha'', ''vidanga'', ''haridra'', long pepper and dry ginger. When he is evacuated properly by this procedure and has resumed the routine dietetic regimen, he should be given barley preparation added with ghee for three, five or seven days (according to measure of evacuation) till the accumulated feces are eliminated. Thus, when he is considered as having cleansed properly, the physician should administer the appropriately chosen ~~''rasayana''~~ (drug) in consideration of his age, constitution and suitability. [25-28]

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The individual scheduled to undergo [[Rasayana]] treatment, adequately oleated and fomented, should take formulations with hot water consisting of the powders of ''haritaki'', rock salt, ''amalaka'', jaggery, ''vacha'', ''vidanga'', ''haridra'', long pepper and dry ginger. When he is evacuated properly by this procedure and has resumed the routine dietetic regimen, he should be given barley preparation added with ghee for three, five or seven days (according to measure of evacuation) till the accumulated feces are eliminated. Thus, when he is considered as having cleansed properly, the physician should administer the appropriately chosen [[Rasayana]] (drug) in consideration of his age, constitution and suitability. [25-28]

==== Properties of ''Haritaki'' and ''Amalaki'' ====

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This preparation should be used in proper time and dose. The proper dose is that which does not disturb the digestion of the food. When the drug is digested the patient should take ''shashtika'' rice with milk.

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By taking this ~~''rasayana''~~ drug the sages of ''vaikhanasa'' and ''balakhilya'' groups and other ones attained immeasurable life span; acquired excellent youth shedding off the rotten physique, became free from dullness, exhausation, dyspnoea and diseases; and endowed with full concentration, intellect and strength practised celibacy and spiritual penance with full devotion. An individual desirous of longevity should use this ''Brahma rasayana'' by which he attains long life, excellent (youthful) age and wellness. [41-57]

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By taking this [[Rasayana]] drug the sages of ''vaikhanasa'' and ''balakhilya'' groups and other ones attained immeasurable life span; acquired excellent youth shedding off the rotten physique, became free from dullness, exhausation, dyspnoea and diseases; and endowed with full concentration, intellect and strength practised celibacy and spiritual penance with full devotion. An individual desirous of longevity should use this ''Brahma rasayana'' by which he attains long life, excellent (youthful) age and wellness. [41-57]

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</div></div>

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This ~~''rasayana''~~ preparation should be taken regularly in the dose of 5 gms gradually increasing with the same by the said method in every morning in consideration of the digestive capacity, after the consumed medication is digested, ''swastika'' rice along with milk added with ghee should be taken. This treatment affords one to achieve the therapeutic results mentioned above.

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This [[Rasayana]] preparation should be taken regularly in the dose of 5 gms gradually increasing with the same by the said method in every morning in consideration of the digestive capacity, after the consumed medication is digested, ''swastika'' rice along with milk added with ghee should be taken. This treatment affords one to achieve the therapeutic results mentioned above.

Here are the summarizing verses-

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</div></div>

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40 Gms of each of ''bilwa, agnimantha, shyonaka, kashmarya, patala, bala,'' four leaved herbs (''shalaparni, prishniparni, mudgaparni, mashaparni''), ''pippali, shvadamshtra, brihati, kantakari, karkatshringi, tamalaki, draksha, jivanti, pushkaramula, aguru, abhaya, amrita, riddhi, jivaka, rishabhaka, shati, musta, punarnava, meda, ela, chandana, utpala, vidari, vasa (roots), kakoli'' and ''kakanasa'' and 500 fruits of ''amalaki''– all these put together should be boiled in water measuring 100 litres 240 ml. when the drugs are extracted completely the decoction should be brought down. The fruits of ''amalaki'' also should be taken out and their seeds are removed. Then the fruit pulp should be fried in ''tila'' oil and ghee (mixed) in quantity of 480 gms. Now it should be cooked in the above decoction adding to it 2 kg of clean sugar candy and prepared into a linctus. When it is self cooked, 240 gms of honey should be added to it. in the end 160 gms ''twak, ela, patra'' and ''nagakeshara'' (combined together) should be added. This is the famous ''chyavanaprasha'', an excellent ~~''rasayana''~~. Particularly it alleviates cough and dyspnea, is useful for the wasted, injured and old people and promotes development of children. It alleviates hoarseness of voice, chest disease, heart disease, ''vatarakta'', thirst and disorders of urine and semen. It should be taken in the dose which does not interfere with the food intake and digestion. By consuming this ~~''rasayana''~~ preparation, the extremely old sage Chyavana regained youthful age. If this ~~''rasayana''~~ is used by the indoor method, even the old attains intellect, memory, luster, freedom from disease, longevity, strength of senses, sexual vigor, adequate ''agni'' function (digestion and metabolism), fairness of complexion and appropriate discharge of flatus. The consumer of this ~~''rasayana''~~ gets rid of senility and enjoys youthfulness. [62-74]

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40 Gms of each of ''bilwa, agnimantha, shyonaka, kashmarya, patala, bala,'' four leaved herbs (''shalaparni, prishniparni, mudgaparni, mashaparni''), ''pippali, shvadamshtra, brihati, kantakari, karkatshringi, tamalaki, draksha, jivanti, pushkaramula, aguru, abhaya, amrita, riddhi, jivaka, rishabhaka, shati, musta, punarnava, meda, ela, chandana, utpala, vidari, vasa (roots), kakoli'' and ''kakanasa'' and 500 fruits of ''amalaki''– all these put together should be boiled in water measuring 100 litres 240 ml. when the drugs are extracted completely the decoction should be brought down. The fruits of ''amalaki'' also should be taken out and their seeds are removed. Then the fruit pulp should be fried in ''tila'' oil and ghee (mixed) in quantity of 480 gms. Now it should be cooked in the above decoction adding to it 2 kg of clean sugar candy and prepared into a linctus. When it is self cooked, 240 gms of honey should be added to it. in the end 160 gms ''twak, ela, patra'' and ''nagakeshara'' (combined together) should be added. This is the famous ''chyavanaprasha'', an excellent [[Rasayana]]. Particularly it alleviates cough and dyspnea, is useful for the wasted, injured and old people and promotes development of children. It alleviates hoarseness of voice, chest disease, heart disease, ''vatarakta'', thirst and disorders of urine and semen. It should be taken in the dose which does not interfere with the food intake and digestion. By consuming this [[Rasayana]] preparation, the extremely old sage Chyavana regained youthful age. If this [[Rasayana]] is used by the indoor method, even the old attains intellect, memory, luster, freedom from disease, longevity, strength of senses, sexual vigor, adequate ''agni'' function (digestion and metabolism), fairness of complexion and appropriate discharge of flatus. The consumer of this [[Rasayana]] gets rid of senility and enjoys youthfulness. [62-74]

==== ''Amalaka Rasayana'' ====

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</div></div>

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The fruits of ''haritaki'' and ''amalaka'' or ''amalaka'' and ''bibhitaka'' or ''haritaki'' and ''bibhitaka'' or ''haritaki'', ''amalaka'' and ''bibhitaka'' should be wrapped with the bark of ''palasha'' tree and after having been pasted with mud should be cooked on charcoal. (when they are well cooked) their seeds be removed and 40 kg of this material should be pounded in a mortar and added with curd, ghee, honey, sesame paste, ''tila'' oil and sugar. This should be consumed on empty stomach by the above method. After the course of treatment, one should be brought back to its normal state by intake of gruel etc. he should also be massaged and anointed with ghee and barley powder. This is the limit of the use of the ~~''rasayana''~~. Keeping in view the power of digestion, he should be given diet consisting of ''shashtika'' rice added with ghee along with soup or milk for the period double of the same for treatment. Thereafter he may move and eat according to pleasure. By this treatment, the sages regained youthfulness and attained disease free life of many hundreds of years, and endowed with the strength of physique, intellect and sense practiced penance with utmost devotion. (75)

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The fruits of ''haritaki'' and ''amalaka'' or ''amalaka'' and ''bibhitaka'' or ''haritaki'' and ''bibhitaka'' or ''haritaki'', ''amalaka'' and ''bibhitaka'' should be wrapped with the bark of ''palasha'' tree and after having been pasted with mud should be cooked on charcoal. (when they are well cooked) their seeds be removed and 40 kg of this material should be pounded in a mortar and added with curd, ghee, honey, sesame paste, ''tila'' oil and sugar. This should be consumed on empty stomach by the above method. After the course of treatment, one should be brought back to its normal state by intake of gruel etc. he should also be massaged and anointed with ghee and barley powder. This is the limit of the use of the [[Rasayana]]. Keeping in view the power of digestion, he should be given diet consisting of ''shashtika'' rice added with ghee along with soup or milk for the period double of the same for treatment. Thereafter he may move and eat according to pleasure. By this treatment, the sages regained youthfulness and attained disease free life of many hundreds of years, and endowed with the strength of physique, intellect and sense practiced penance with utmost devotion. (75)

==== ''Haritaki'' formulation ====

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Here are the verses-

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As was nectar for the Gods and ambrosia for the serpents so was the ~~''rasayana''~~ treatment for the great sages in early times. The individuals using ~~''rasayana''~~ treatment in the early ages lived for thousands of years unaffected by senescence, debility, illness and death.

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As was nectar for the Gods and ambrosia for the serpents so was the [[Rasayana]] treatment for the great sages in early times. The individuals using [[Rasayana]] treatment in the early ages lived for thousands of years unaffected by senescence, debility, illness and death.

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One who uses the ~~''rasayana''~~ treatment methodically attains not only longevity but also the auspicious status enjoyed by the godly sages and finally oneness with indestructible God. [78-80]

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One who uses the [[Rasayana]] treatment methodically attains not only longevity but also the auspicious status enjoyed by the godly sages and finally oneness with indestructible God. [78-80]

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Now the summing up verse-

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Thus, in the quarter of ''haritaki, amalaka'' etc. six accomplished ~~''rasayana''~~ formulations have been described which promote life.[81]

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Thus, in the quarter of ''haritaki, amalaka'' etc. six accomplished [[Rasayana]] formulations have been described which promote life.[81]

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</div></div>

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Thus ends the first quarter of ''haritaki, amalaka'' etc. in the chapter on ~~''rasayana''~~ in [[Chikitsa Sthana]] in the treatise composed of Agnivesha and redacted by Charak. [1]

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Thus ends the first quarter of ''haritaki, amalaka'' etc. in the chapter on [[Rasayana]] in [[Chikitsa Sthana]] in the treatise composed of Agnivesha and redacted by Charak. [1]

=== Part II- ''Pranakamiyam Rasayana pada'' ===

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Now we shall expound the quarter of the chapter "Pranakamiyam Rasayana pada". Thus said Lord Atreya. [1-2]

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==== Benefits of ''Rasayana'' and effects of domestic food and lifestyle ====

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==== Benefits of [[Rasayana]] and effects of domestic food and lifestyle ====

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</div></div>

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Oh desirous of vital breath! Listen to me explaining the procedure of ~~''rasayana''~~ therapy which is like another nectar, acceptable for the gods, having incomprehensible miraculous effects, prolongs life span, provides health, sustains age, relieves excessive sleep, drowsiness, exertion, exhaustion, lassitude and emaciation, restores ''tridoshika'' balance, brings stability, alleviates laxity of muscles, kindles internal fire and imparts excellent luster, complexion and voice. By using this, the great sages like Chyavana and others. regained youthful age and became charming for the women, they also attained firm, even and well divided muscles, compact and stable physique, blossomed strength, complexion and sense, uninterrupted prowess and endurance. All morbidity arise due to domestic food in those eating sour, saline, pungent, alkaline, dried vegetables, meat, sesame, sesame paste and preparation of (rice) flour, germinated or fresh, awned or leguminous cereals, incompatible, unsuitable, rough, alkaline and channel blocking substances, decomposed, heavy, putrefied, and staled food items, indulging in irregular diet or eating while the previous food is undigested, day sleep, women and wine, performing irregular and excessive physical exercise causing agitation in the body, affected with fear, anger, grief, greed, confusion and exhaustion. Because of this the muscles get laxed, joints get loosened, blood gets burnt, fat becomes abundant and liquefied, marrow does not mature in bones, semen does not manifest and ''ojas'' deteriorates. Thus, the person subdued with malaise, depression, sleep, drowsiness, lassitude, lack of enthusiasm, dyspnea, incapability in physical and mental activities, loss of memory, intellect and luster, becomes resort of illness and thus does not enjoy the normal life span. Hence looking to these defects, one should abstain from all the said unwholesome diet and activities so that he becomes fit for using the ~~''rasayana''~~ treatment- saying this Lord Punarvasu Atreya further added. [3]

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Oh desirous of vital breath! Listen to me explaining the procedure of [[Rasayana]] therapy which is like another nectar, acceptable for the gods, having incomprehensible miraculous effects, prolongs life span, provides health, sustains age, relieves excessive sleep, drowsiness, exertion, exhaustion, lassitude and emaciation, restores ''tridoshika'' balance, brings stability, alleviates laxity of muscles, kindles internal fire and imparts excellent luster, complexion and voice. By using this, the great sages like Chyavana and others. regained youthful age and became charming for the women, they also attained firm, even and well divided muscles, compact and stable physique, blossomed strength, complexion and sense, uninterrupted prowess and endurance. All morbidity arise due to domestic food in those eating sour, saline, pungent, alkaline, dried vegetables, meat, sesame, sesame paste and preparation of (rice) flour, germinated or fresh, awned or leguminous cereals, incompatible, unsuitable, rough, alkaline and channel blocking substances, decomposed, heavy, putrefied, and staled food items, indulging in irregular diet or eating while the previous food is undigested, day sleep, women and wine, performing irregular and excessive physical exercise causing agitation in the body, affected with fear, anger, grief, greed, confusion and exhaustion. Because of this the muscles get laxed, joints get loosened, blood gets burnt, fat becomes abundant and liquefied, marrow does not mature in bones, semen does not manifest and ''ojas'' deteriorates. Thus, the person subdued with malaise, depression, sleep, drowsiness, lassitude, lack of enthusiasm, dyspnea, incapability in physical and mental activities, loss of memory, intellect and luster, becomes resort of illness and thus does not enjoy the normal life span. Hence looking to these defects, one should abstain from all the said unwholesome diet and activities so that he becomes fit for using the [[Rasayana]] treatment- saying this Lord Punarvasu Atreya further added. [3]

==== ''Amalaki'' ghee ====

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The fruits of ''bhallataka'' are irritant, inflaming and are like fire but they assume nectar like properties if used as prescribed. Their use in the above ten forms is described which should be prescribed considering the disease, constitution, and suitability. There is no disorder of ''kapha'' and obstructive condition which is not ameliorated by ''bhallataka'' quickly. Moreover, it promotes intellect and ''agni''.

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In early days, the old great sages like Chyavana etc, who desiring vital strength, attained immeasurable life span by using these beneficial ~~''rasayana''~~ formulations. After attaining longevity they performed as desired, spiritual penance, celibacy and self- medications and ascended to the heaven. Hence those who desire longevity, vital strength and happiness should use the ~~''rasayana''~~ methodically and carefully. [17-22]

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In early days, the old great sages like Chyavana etc, who desiring vital strength, attained immeasurable life span by using these beneficial [[Rasayana]] formulations. After attaining longevity they performed as desired, spiritual penance, celibacy and self- medications and ascended to the heaven. Hence those who desire longevity, vital strength and happiness should use the [[Rasayana]] methodically and carefully. [17-22]

==== Summary ====

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Here are the verses-

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This ~~''rasayana''~~ preparation in ancient times was used by Vasishtha, Kashyapa, Angiras, Jamadagni, Bharadwaja, Bhrigu and similar other ''rishis'' who by consumption of this medication became free from exertion, disease, senility and fear and acquired great strength due to its effect and performed penance as desired. This ~~''rasayana''~~ preparation was developed by Brahma and it provides a life span of one thousand years, alleviates senility and disease and promotes strength of intellect and senses. [4-6]

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This [[Rasayana]] preparation in ancient times was used by Vasishtha, Kashyapa, Angiras, Jamadagni, Bharadwaja, Bhrigu and similar other ''rishis'' who by consumption of this medication became free from exertion, disease, senility and fear and acquired great strength due to its effect and performed penance as desired. This [[Rasayana]] preparation was developed by Brahma and it provides a life span of one thousand years, alleviates senility and disease and promotes strength of intellect and senses. [4-6]

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</div></div>

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In ancient times, the great sages attained stable life span by using the ~~''rasayana''~~ treatment properly and timely due to penance, celibacy, meditation and serenity because no ~~''rasayana''~~ treatment is successful in individuals who are not attentive, are engaged in divergent activities and live in villages. [7-8]

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In ancient times, the great sages attained stable life span by using the [[Rasayana]] treatment properly and timely due to penance, celibacy, meditation and serenity because no [[Rasayana]] treatment is successful in individuals who are not attentive, are engaged in divergent activities and live in villages. [7-8]

==== ''Kevala Amalaka Rasayanam'' ====

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The paper like pieces of sharp iron four fingers long and thin like sesame seeds should be heated till they are red hot. Then they should be dipped in triphala decoction, cow urine, alkali prepared from ''lavana, ingudi'' and ''palasha''. After they are transformed like collyrium they should be powdered finely. This powder mixed with honey and ''amalaka'' juice should be made in to linctuses, which should be kept in a ghee lined pot and stored for a year in granary of barley stirring it from all sides every month. After one year, it should be consumed mixed with honey and ghee every morning as per the strength along with prescribed diet after the drug is digested. This is the method of administration of all the metallic preparations.

−

The person who uses iron ~~''rasayana''~~, overcomes injury, disease, senility and death because he has acquired vital strength like that of elephant and strong sense organs. The user of the metallic ~~''rasayana''~~ for a year becomes intelligent, renowned orator, scholar and wealthy. So also the use of gold or silver ~~''rasayana''~~ also provide longevity and freedom from all ailments. [15-23]

+

The person who uses iron [[Rasayana]], overcomes injury, disease, senility and death because he has acquired vital strength like that of elephant and strong sense organs. The user of the metallic [[Rasayana]] for a year becomes intelligent, renowned orator, scholar and wealthy. So also the use of gold or silver [[Rasayana]] also provide longevity and freedom from all ailments. [15-23]

==== ''Aindra Rasayana'' ====

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''Aindri, matsyakhyaka, brahmi, vacha, brahmasuvarchala, pippali, lavana, shankhapushpi,'' all in quantity of three barley grains, gold in that of two barley grains, visa equal to one sesame seed and ghee 40 gms – mixed together and used. Once the food is digested, a diet consisting of honey and plenty of ghee is prescribed.

−

This precious ''aindra rasayana'' alleviates senility and diseases, promotes memory and intellect, enhances life span, and provides nourishment, excellence, clarity of voice, complexion, ''ojas'' and immunity. Magic spells, poison and pains cannot resist its effect. This ~~''rasayana''~~ alleviates leucoderma, leprosy, abdominal diseases, ''gulma'', spleenomegaly, chronic intermittent fever and the disease taking away intellect, memory and knowledge and also the severe ''vatika'' disorders. [24-29]

+

This precious ''aindra rasayana'' alleviates senility and diseases, promotes memory and intellect, enhances life span, and provides nourishment, excellence, clarity of voice, complexion, ''ojas'' and immunity. Magic spells, poison and pains cannot resist its effect. This [[Rasayana]] alleviates leucoderma, leprosy, abdominal diseases, ''gulma'', spleenomegaly, chronic intermittent fever and the disease taking away intellect, memory and knowledge and also the severe ''vatika'' disorders. [24-29]

==== ''Medhya Rasayana'' ====

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</div></div>

−

Consumption of ''mandukaparni'' juice, the powder of ''yashtimadhu'' with milk, the juice of ''guduchi'' along with its roots and flowers and the paste of ''shankhapushpi'' – these ~~''rasayana''~~ drugs are life promoting, disease alleviating, promoters of strength, ''agni'', complexion, voice and are intellect promoting. Of them ''shankhapushpi'' is specifically intellect promoting. [30-31]

+

Consumption of ''mandukaparni'' juice, the powder of ''yashtimadhu'' with milk, the juice of ''guduchi'' along with its roots and flowers and the paste of ''shankhapushpi'' – these [[Rasayana]] drugs are life promoting, disease alleviating, promoters of strength, ''agni'', complexion, voice and are intellect promoting. Of them ''shankhapushpi'' is specifically intellect promoting. [30-31]

==== ''Pippali Rasayana'' ====

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</div></div>

−

The individuals desirous of ~~''rasayana''~~ effect should take ''pippali'' in number of five, seven, eight or ten with honey and ghee for a year. Three ''pippali'' fruits should be taken in the morning, after meal and before meal. These fruits should first be impregnated with alkali of ''palasha'' and then fried in ghee. These should be taken with honey by those who want ~~''rasayana''~~ effect particularly in order to alleviate cough, wasting, phthisis, dyspnea, hiccup, throat disorders, piles, disorders of ''grahani'', paleness, intermittent fever, disorders of voice, chronic rhinitis, swelling, ''gulma'' and ''vatabalasaka''. [32-35]

+

The individuals desirous of [[Rasayana]] effect should take ''pippali'' in number of five, seven, eight or ten with honey and ghee for a year. Three ''pippali'' fruits should be taken in the morning, after meal and before meal. These fruits should first be impregnated with alkali of ''palasha'' and then fried in ghee. These should be taken with honey by those who want [[Rasayana]] effect particularly in order to alleviate cough, wasting, phthisis, dyspnea, hiccup, throat disorders, piles, disorders of ''grahani'', paleness, intermittent fever, disorders of voice, chronic rhinitis, swelling, ''gulma'' and ''vatabalasaka''. [32-35]

==== ''Pippali Vardhamana Rasayana'' ====

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</div></div>

−

Ten ''pippali'' should be taken with milk on the first day. From the second day onwards up to the tenth day ten fruits should be increased daily. From the eleventh day the number of fruits should be decreased gradually in the same order till it comes to ten. After the medicine is digested the person should take ''shashtika'' rice with ghee extracted from milk. Thus the use of ''pippali'' in total number of one thousand is ~~''rasayana''~~ in effect. The ''pippali'' fruits should be taken by the persons with high strength in the form of paste, by those with medium strength in that of decoction and by those with low strength in the form of powder keeping in view the ''doshas'' and diseases. The initial use of ten ''pippali'' fruits is maximum, that of six is medium and that of three is minimum. These numbers are also applicable according to the degree of strength of the patient. The ~~''rasayana''~~ use of ''pippali'' is bulk promoting, beneficial for voice and life span, alleviates spleen enlargement, sustains age and promotes intellect. [36-40]

+

Ten ''pippali'' should be taken with milk on the first day. From the second day onwards up to the tenth day ten fruits should be increased daily. From the eleventh day the number of fruits should be decreased gradually in the same order till it comes to ten. After the medicine is digested the person should take ''shashtika'' rice with ghee extracted from milk. Thus the use of ''pippali'' in total number of one thousand is [[Rasayana]] in effect. The ''pippali'' fruits should be taken by the persons with high strength in the form of paste, by those with medium strength in that of decoction and by those with low strength in the form of powder keeping in view the ''doshas'' and diseases. The initial use of ten ''pippali'' fruits is maximum, that of six is medium and that of three is minimum. These numbers are also applicable according to the degree of strength of the patient. The [[Rasayana]] use of ''pippali'' is bulk promoting, beneficial for voice and life span, alleviates spleen enlargement, sustains age and promotes intellect. [36-40]

==== ''Triphala Rasayana'' ====

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</div></div>

−

''Triphala'' mixed with ''madhuka, tugaksheeri, pippali'' along with honey and ghee or ''triphala'' with sugar is an effective ~~''rasayana''~~. [45]

+

''Triphala'' mixed with ''madhuka, tugaksheeri, pippali'' along with honey and ghee or ''triphala'' with sugar is an effective [[Rasayana]]. [45]

==== ''Triphala Rasayana'' ====

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</div></div>

−

''Shilajatu'' originates from four metals – gold, silver, copper and black iron and is slightly sour, astringent in taste, ''katu'' in ''vipaka'' and is moderate in ''veerya''. This is ~~''rasayana''~~ in effect and if applied methodically it is aphrodisiac and alleviates diseases. Its potency enhances if it is impregnated with decoction of drugs alleviating ''vata, pitta'' and ''kapha'' either singly or in combination. [48-50]

+

''Shilajatu'' originates from four metals – gold, silver, copper and black iron and is slightly sour, astringent in taste, ''katu'' in ''vipaka'' and is moderate in ''veerya''. This is [[Rasayana]] in effect and if applied methodically it is aphrodisiac and alleviates diseases. Its potency enhances if it is impregnated with decoction of drugs alleviating ''vata, pitta'' and ''kapha'' either singly or in combination. [48-50]

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</div></div>

−

Specific characters according to the source and the method of administration will be explained now. The rocky ores of gold etc., when heated by the sun ooze a material like lac, soft, smooth and clear. This is ''shilajatu''. ''Shilajatu'' obtained from gold ore is sweet, slightly bitter, having color like ''japa'' flower, pungent in ''vipaka'' and ''sheeta'' ''veerya''. That obtained from silver ore is pungent, white, cold and sweet in ''vipaka''. ''Shilajatu'' obtained from copper ore is like peacock neck, bitter, hot and pungent in ''vipaka''. That which is like ''gugguluka'' is the best of all. All types of ''shilajatu'' smell like cow urine and are applicable in all conditions. However, in the use of ~~''rasayana''~~, the last one is preferred, the above types of ''shilajatu'' are useful in ''vata-pitta'', ''kapha-pitta, kapha'' and ''tridosha'' respectively. [55-61]

+

Specific characters according to the source and the method of administration will be explained now. The rocky ores of gold etc., when heated by the sun ooze a material like lac, soft, smooth and clear. This is ''shilajatu''. ''Shilajatu'' obtained from gold ore is sweet, slightly bitter, having color like ''japa'' flower, pungent in ''vipaka'' and ''sheeta'' ''veerya''. That obtained from silver ore is pungent, white, cold and sweet in ''vipaka''. ''Shilajatu'' obtained from copper ore is like peacock neck, bitter, hot and pungent in ''vipaka''. That which is like ''gugguluka'' is the best of all. All types of ''shilajatu'' smell like cow urine and are applicable in all conditions. However, in the use of [[Rasayana]], the last one is preferred, the above types of ''shilajatu'' are useful in ''vata-pitta'', ''kapha-pitta, kapha'' and ''tridosha'' respectively. [55-61]

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Now the summing up verses –

−

In the quarter on hand plucked ''amalaki'' fruits sixteen ~~''rasayana''~~ formulations have been described by the great sages. [66]

+

In the quarter on hand plucked ''amalaki'' fruits sixteen [[Rasayana]] formulations have been described by the great sages. [66]

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</div></div>

−

Thus ends the third quarter on hand plucked (''amalaki'' fruits) in the chapter on ~~''rasayana''~~ in [[Chikitsa Sthana]] in the treatise composed by Agnivesha and redacted by Charak. [3]

+

Thus ends the third quarter on hand plucked (''amalaki'' fruits) in the chapter on [[Rasayana]] in [[Chikitsa Sthana]] in the treatise composed by Agnivesha and redacted by Charak. [3]

=== Part IV: ''[[Ayurveda]]samutthaniyam Rasayana Pada'' ===

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</div></div>

−

Indra, having infused the nectar of [[Ayurveda]] to these ''rishis'' said – now all this has to be brought into action. Now is the auspicious time for ~~''rasayana''~~ and the celestial drugs grown in Himalaya are also matured such as ''aindri, brahmi, payasya, ksheerapushpi, shravani,'' ''mahashravani'', ''shatavari, vidari, jeevanti, punarnava, nagabala, sthira, vacha, chatra, atichchatra, meda, mahameda'' and other vitalizing drugs if taken with milk for six months will certainly induce maximum life span, youthful age, disease free, excellence of voice and complexion, corpulence, intellect, memory, quality strength and other desired effects. [6]

+

Indra, having infused the nectar of [[Ayurveda]] to these ''rishis'' said – now all this has to be brought into action. Now is the auspicious time for [[Rasayana]] and the celestial drugs grown in Himalaya are also matured such as ''aindri, brahmi, payasya, ksheerapushpi, shravani,'' ''mahashravani'', ''shatavari, vidari, jeevanti, punarnava, nagabala, sthira, vacha, chatra, atichchatra, meda, mahameda'' and other vitalizing drugs if taken with milk for six months will certainly induce maximum life span, youthful age, disease free, excellence of voice and complexion, corpulence, intellect, memory, quality strength and other desired effects. [6]

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</div></div>

−

These divine herbs produce milder effect in case of different habitat, subject and mode of administration through the method of intake in the same for all. The individuals with luxurious living who are unable to search or use these herbs should resort to the other methods of ~~''rasayana''~~ which are described below. [11-12]

+

These divine herbs produce milder effect in case of different habitat, subject and mode of administration through the method of intake in the same for all. The individuals with luxurious living who are unable to search or use these herbs should resort to the other methods of [[Rasayana]] which are described below. [11-12]

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</div></div>

−

Ten herbs of strength promoting, vitality promoting, bulk promoting and age sustaining groups, ''khadira, beejaka, kharjura, madhuka, musta, utpala, mridveeka, vidanga, vacha, chitraka, shatavari, payasya, pippali, aguru, riddhi, nagabala, shaka, dhava, triphala, kanthakari, vidari, chandana, ikshu,'' roots of ''shara, gambhari'' and ''tinisha'' – juice of all these drugs and ''palasha kshara'' should be taken in the quantity of 40 gms each, cow milk four times, ''tila'' oil and cow ghee each 5.12 kg, should be added to it and cooked together. After it is well cooked, the fatty preparation should be brought down. 2.56 kg each of ''amalaka'' powder impregnated hundred times with ''amalaka'' juice, fresh honey and powdered sugar 640 gms each of ''vamshalochana'' and ''pippali'' should be mixed together well. The preparation should be kept in a well cleansed earthen pot smeared with ghee for a fortnight. Then the dose as per the digestive capacity should be used mixing it with powder of gold, copper, coral, iron, quartz, pearl, cats eye, conch and silver in 1/16 quantity. During the period of medication the patient should avoid exertion and sexual intercourse and should take diet of ''shashtika'' rice along with ghee extracted from milk after the previous meal is digested. This ~~''rasayana''~~ remedy relieves all diseases, is aphrodisiac, excellent enhancer of life span, provides strength to psyche, memory, physique, digestive fire, intellect and senses, promotes energy, complexion, and voice, alleviates poison and inauspiciousness and renders the words truthful. This intellect promoting and broad spectrum ~~''rasayana''~~ formulation should be used properly by those who desire success, youthfulness, charming personality and social image. [13-26]

+

Ten herbs of strength promoting, vitality promoting, bulk promoting and age sustaining groups, ''khadira, beejaka, kharjura, madhuka, musta, utpala, mridveeka, vidanga, vacha, chitraka, shatavari, payasya, pippali, aguru, riddhi, nagabala, shaka, dhava, triphala, kanthakari, vidari, chandana, ikshu,'' roots of ''shara, gambhari'' and ''tinisha'' – juice of all these drugs and ''palasha kshara'' should be taken in the quantity of 40 gms each, cow milk four times, ''tila'' oil and cow ghee each 5.12 kg, should be added to it and cooked together. After it is well cooked, the fatty preparation should be brought down. 2.56 kg each of ''amalaka'' powder impregnated hundred times with ''amalaka'' juice, fresh honey and powdered sugar 640 gms each of ''vamshalochana'' and ''pippali'' should be mixed together well. The preparation should be kept in a well cleansed earthen pot smeared with ghee for a fortnight. Then the dose as per the digestive capacity should be used mixing it with powder of gold, copper, coral, iron, quartz, pearl, cats eye, conch and silver in 1/16 quantity. During the period of medication the patient should avoid exertion and sexual intercourse and should take diet of ''shashtika'' rice along with ghee extracted from milk after the previous meal is digested. This [[Rasayana]] remedy relieves all diseases, is aphrodisiac, excellent enhancer of life span, provides strength to psyche, memory, physique, digestive fire, intellect and senses, promotes energy, complexion, and voice, alleviates poison and inauspiciousness and renders the words truthful. This intellect promoting and broad spectrum [[Rasayana]] formulation should be used properly by those who desire success, youthfulness, charming personality and social image. [13-26]

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</div></div>

−

The indoor regimen of ~~''rasayana''~~ therapy is prescribed for those who are fit, disease free, wise, self controlled, leisurely and are wealthy otherwise the outdoor method of ''vatatapika rasayana'' therapy is advisable. The former kind of regimen is, no doubt superior but is difficult to operate. If during the treatment some complications arise due to faulty methods, better treatment is planned after discontinuing the initial course of ~~''rasayana''~~ therapy. [27-29]

+

The indoor regimen of [[Rasayana]] therapy is prescribed for those who are fit, disease free, wise, self controlled, leisurely and are wealthy otherwise the outdoor method of ''vatatapika rasayana'' therapy is advisable. The former kind of regimen is, no doubt superior but is difficult to operate. If during the treatment some complications arise due to faulty methods, better treatment is planned after discontinuing the initial course of [[Rasayana]] therapy. [27-29]

==== Achara Rasayana ====

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</div></div>

−

An individual who is truthful, free from anger, abstaining from wine and women, non violent, relaxed, calm, soft spoken, engaged in meditation and cleanliness, perseverance, observing charity, penance, worshiping gods, cow, ''brahmanas'', gurus, preceptors and elders, loving and compassionate, is vigilant and sleeps in balanced way, consumes routinely ghee extracted from milk, considering the measure of place and time with propriety, un-conceited, well behaved, simple, with his senses well concentrated to spirituality, keeping company of elders, positivist, self restrained and devoted to holy books should be regarded as using the ~~''rasayana''~~ for ever. Those, who, endowed with all the auspicious qualities, consumes ~~''rasayana''~~, gets all the aforesaid benefits of ~~''rasayana''~~ treatment. [30-35]

+

An individual who is truthful, free from anger, abstaining from wine and women, non violent, relaxed, calm, soft spoken, engaged in meditation and cleanliness, perseverance, observing charity, penance, worshiping gods, cow, ''brahmanas'', gurus, preceptors and elders, loving and compassionate, is vigilant and sleeps in balanced way, consumes routinely ghee extracted from milk, considering the measure of place and time with propriety, un-conceited, well behaved, simple, with his senses well concentrated to spirituality, keeping company of elders, positivist, self restrained and devoted to holy books should be regarded as using the [[Rasayana]] for ever. Those, who, endowed with all the auspicious qualities, consumes [[Rasayana]], gets all the aforesaid benefits of [[Rasayana]] treatment. [30-35]

==== Importance of purification before rasayana ====

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</div></div>

−

An individual can never get the benefits of ~~''rasayana''~~ if he has not undergone grossly the process of ''samsodhana'' of his physical as well as mental impurities. The treatment meant for providing longevity and for relieving senility and disease succeed in persons having purified mind and body controlled self. Such a treatment should not be prescribed to those who have degenerate self, are disease free, are not twice born and who are reluctant to receive such a treatment. [36-38]

+

An individual can never get the benefits of [[Rasayana]] if he has not undergone grossly the process of ''samsodhana'' of his physical as well as mental impurities. The treatment meant for providing longevity and for relieving senility and disease succeed in persons having purified mind and body controlled self. Such a treatment should not be prescribed to those who have degenerate self, are disease free, are not twice born and who are reluctant to receive such a treatment. [36-38]

==== Historical examples ====

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</div></div>

−

The ~~''rasayana''~~ preparations, ''vajikarana'' recipes and remedies designed for the treatment of diseases – all depend on (vision and skill of) the physician. Hence the wise should honour with all means the treating physician who promotes life, is wise and well versed in the science of life as the king of gods honours Ashwins.

+

The [[Rasayana]] preparations, ''vajikarana'' recipes and remedies designed for the treatment of diseases – all depend on (vision and skill of) the physician. Hence the wise should honour with all means the treating physician who promotes life, is wise and well versed in the science of life as the king of gods honours Ashwins.

Ashwins are the physicians of gods and carriers of sacrifices. The head of sacrifice was cut which was joined by Ashwins. The fallen teeth of Pushan, destroyed eyes of Bhaga and the spastic arm of Vajrina were treated by them and thus he, addicted to ''soma'' drink, was again made happy. Chyavana, the descendent of Bhrigu, who was sexually indulged and became diseased, devoid of complexion and voice in old age, was reverted to youthful age. On account of these and other similar achievements, the two excellent physicians became highly adorable to the great selves like Indra, etc. and vessels, praises, recitations, various food preparations, incenses and animals are offered to them by the twins born. In the morning, Indra enjoys the ''soma'' drink in the company of Ashwins and he also makes pleasure along with them in the ''sautramani'' sacrifice. Indra, Agni and Ashwins were worshipped mostly by the twin born and are praised in the vedic hymns, not so the other gods. Thus the twin physicians Ashwins are worshipped by the gods and their masters. Then how should the physicians not be honored with all means by mortals who are affected by the death, diseases and senility and after the search of happiness? The physicians who is endowed with good conduct, wisdom and rationality, is thrice born, well versed in scriptures and master of life should be honored as preceptor by the people. [39-51]

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Now the summing up verses –

−

The rising of the science of life, method of celestial ~~''rasayana''~~ drugs, ''ratnarasayana'' accomplished like nectar and delivered by the king of gods to the accomplished and intellectuals, all this has been explained in the quarter of the rising of the science of life. [63-64]

+

The rising of the science of life, method of celestial [[Rasayana]] drugs, ''ratnarasayana'' accomplished like nectar and delivered by the king of gods to the accomplished and intellectuals, all this has been explained in the quarter of the rising of the science of life. [63-64]

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##''sanubadhana'' (chronically acting).( verse 1.5)

#The objectives of [[Ayurveda]] healthcare management includes ''chikitsa'' (measures that alleviate disorders), ''vyadhihara'' (destroyer of diseases), ''pathya'' (beneficial for the bodily channels), ''sadhana'' (instrument for therapeutic action), ''aushadha'' (that which is prepared of herbs), ''prayashchitta'' (expiation), ''prashamana'' (pacification), ''prakritisthapana'' (that which helps and sustains recovery to normalcy), and ''hita'' (wholesome). (verse 3-4)

−

#The therapeutics for preservation of health include ''vrishya'' (aphrodisiac) and ~~''rasayana''~~ (promotives) that helps promoting strength and immunity.

+

#The therapeutics for preservation of health include ''vrishya'' (aphrodisiac) and [[Rasayana]] (promotives) that helps promoting strength and immunity.

−

#Objective of ~~''rasayana''~~ therapy is to attain longevity, memory, intelligence, freedom from illness, youthfulness, excellence of luster, complexion and voice, optimum strength of physique and sense organs, perfection in deliberation, respectability and brilliance. ''Rasayana'' is the means of attaining excellent qualities of ''rasa'' etc. ''dhatus'' i.e. bodily cells and tissues. (verse 7-8)

+

#Objective of [[Rasayana]] therapy is to attain longevity, memory, intelligence, freedom from illness, youthfulness, excellence of luster, complexion and voice, optimum strength of physique and sense organs, perfection in deliberation, respectability and brilliance. [[Rasayana]] is the means of attaining excellent qualities of ''rasa'' etc. ''dhatus'' i.e. bodily cells and tissues. (verse 7-8)

#Objective of ''vajikarana'' (aphrodisiac treatment) is to produce healthy progeny, and enhance libido with satisfactory sexual life. It can even help to arrest genetic disorders.

#Indoor residence of person in specific ''kutipraveshika'' method endows extraordinary benefits.

−

#''Rasayana'' may be in the form of specific single drugs or compound preparations of drugs, in the form of specific diet, specific regimen and activities or in the form of a specific good conduct.

+

#[[Rasayana]] may be in the form of specific single drugs or compound preparations of drugs, in the form of specific diet, specific regimen and activities or in the form of a specific good conduct.

#''Vajikarana'' improves the quality of ''shukra'' and thereby improves ''oja''. ''Shukra'' is not just semen but its effects can be observed allover body and on mind, in the form of genesis of new ''dhatu'' (important body constituents) , promoting proper growth and development of existing ''dhatu'', by helping to maintain mental health etc. as described in [[Vajikarana]], the second chapter of [[Chikitsa Sthana]].

−

#By adopting proper lifestyle and by using appropriate ~~''rasayana''~~, it is not only possible to regain freedom from diseases, but it is also possible to maintain and even positively promote health. For this, ~~''rasayana''~~ is very much important in the present era.

+

#By adopting proper lifestyle and by using appropriate [[Rasayana]], it is not only possible to regain freedom from diseases, but it is also possible to maintain and even positively promote health. For this, [[Rasayana]] is very much important in the present era.

−

#Prior body purification is necessary before administration of ~~''rasayana''~~ treatment.

+

#Prior body purification is necessary before administration of [[Rasayana]] treatment.

== Vidhi Vimarsha (Applied Inferences ) ==

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=== Different levels of treatment ===

−

According to [[Ayurveda]], the life is conglomeration of four factors namely ''shareera'' (the body made up of five ''mahabhootas''), ''indriya'' (the sensory faculty), ''sattva'' or ''mana'' (mind) and ''atma'' (the soul). On this basis, disease is also studied at different levels. Therefore, the treatment also is performed at different levels. After initial treatment for relief, [[Ayurveda]] describes ''prayoga'' (long term treatment for complete cure) and ''apunarbhava chikitsa'' (treatment which prevents recurrence of the disease) to maintain and promote health, ~~''rasayana''~~ is given.

+

According to [[Ayurveda]], the life is conglomeration of four factors namely ''shareera'' (the body made up of five ''mahabhootas''), ''indriya'' (the sensory faculty), ''sattva'' or ''mana'' (mind) and ''atma'' (the soul). On this basis, disease is also studied at different levels. Therefore, the treatment also is performed at different levels. After initial treatment for relief, [[Ayurveda]] describes ''prayoga'' (long term treatment for complete cure) and ''apunarbhava chikitsa'' (treatment which prevents recurrence of the disease) to maintain and promote health, [[Rasayana]] is given.

=== Various aspects of ''Chikitsa'' (treatment) ===

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At the beginning of the chapter, various aspects of treatment are explained by using various synonyms. ''Chikitsita'' are means for curing disease. ''Pathya'' means specific wholesome diet and regimens which will help to cure disease, it also means that which maintains normalcy of ''srotas'' (channels for transportation and transformation of nutrients in the destined body constituent). ''Sadhana'' means various instruments and procedures helpful for successful treatment. ''Aushadha'' are medicines obtained from herbs. ''Prayashchitta'' means the redressal for diseases originating from previous deeds of the person. ''Prashamana'' is that which leads to complete cure. ''Prakriti'' (specific constitution of a person) makes him prone for certain diseases. ''Prakritisthapana'' helps to protect a person from them by maintaining balance of all three ''doshas''. ''Hita'' is that which helps to make ''dhatus'' stable and protect them from diseases. (verse 3)

−

=== Benefits of ''Rasayana'' ===

+

=== Benefits of [[Rasayana]] ===

−

''Rasayana'' produces best quality of ''dhatus'' (body tissues). Various benefits of using ~~''rasayana''~~ include long and healthy life, maintenance of youth and prevention of ageing, great ''bala'' (a broad term, which includes physical, mental strength and immunity) are obtained by ~~''rasayana''~~. Excellence of luster, complexion of skin and beauty, excellence of voice, enhanced capacity of senses, power of memory and intelligence are obtained.

+

[[Rasayana]] produces best quality of ''dhatus'' (body tissues). Various benefits of using [[Rasayana]] include long and healthy life, maintenance of youth and prevention of ageing, great ''bala'' (a broad term, which includes physical, mental strength and immunity) are obtained by [[Rasayana]]. Excellence of luster, complexion of skin and beauty, excellence of voice, enhanced capacity of senses, power of memory and intelligence are obtained.

−

''Vak Siddhi'' is a power by which whatever the person speaks, becomes true. ''Pranati'' is reverence from people. By use of ~~''rasayana''~~, the person gets physical strength, mental abilities and power of intellect and memory. So, whatever the person speaks, he has the capacity to practically act accordingly. Also, he speaks only the truth. So, his words come true. Because of such good qualities, he gets reverence from people. (verse 7,8)

+

''Vak Siddhi'' is a power by which whatever the person speaks, becomes true. ''Pranati'' is reverence from people. By use of [[Rasayana]], the person gets physical strength, mental abilities and power of intellect and memory. So, whatever the person speaks, he has the capacity to practically act accordingly. Also, he speaks only the truth. So, his words come true. Because of such good qualities, he gets reverence from people. (verse 7,8)

=== Benefits of ''Vajikarana'' (verse 9-12) ===

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#Success, wealth and prosperity, strength, robustness

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=== Two modes of administration of ~~''rasayana''~~ (verse 1.1.16) ===

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=== Two modes of administration of [[Rasayana]] (verse 1.1.16) ===

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''Rasayana'' can be used by two methods:

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[[Rasayana]] can be used by two methods:

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#''Kuti praveshika''- The person stays in a ''kuti'' (specially built house) for a specific period and uses ~~''rasayana''~~.

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#''Kuti praveshika''- The person stays in a ''kuti'' (specially built house) for a specific period and uses [[Rasayana]].

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#''Vatatapika''- The person continues with his routine activities, while using ~~''rasayana''~~.

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#''Vatatapika''- The person continues with his routine activities, while using [[Rasayana]].

=== Construction of a ''Kuti'' (hut) (verse 1.1.16-20) ===

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=== Entering the ''Kuti'' ===

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The specific way of entering the kuti is described in the text. Not only by using specific purificatory methods, the body pf the person is prepared for the effects of ~~''rasayana''~~, but he is also prepared mentally. The person gets extraordinary qualities due to ~~''rasayana''~~. But he may use them only for his personal benefits and may harm others in the society. For this he is convinced to use his qualities for the benefit of the whole society. He also resolves to properly complete the procedure, since ceasing of the procedure midway may be harmful for health.

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The specific way of entering the kuti is described in the text. Not only by using specific purificatory methods, the body pf the person is prepared for the effects of [[Rasayana]], but he is also prepared mentally. The person gets extraordinary qualities due to [[Rasayana]]. But he may use them only for his personal benefits and may harm others in the society. For this he is convinced to use his qualities for the benefit of the whole society. He also resolves to properly complete the procedure, since ceasing of the procedure midway may be harmful for health.

=== Quality control in selection of medicines (verse 1.1. 38-40) ===

#''Bhoomi pariksha'' (criteria to select good land for collection of medicines) as described in [[Madanakalpa Adhyaya]] verse 9, should be followed.

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#Especially ''haritaki'' (Terminalia chebula) and ''amalaki'' ( Emblica officinalis) used as ~~''rasayana''~~ in this chapter are preferably collected from the range of mountain Himalaya.

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#Especially ''haritaki'' (Terminalia chebula) and ''amalaki'' ( Emblica officinalis) used as [[Rasayana]] in this chapter are preferably collected from the range of mountain Himalaya.

#The medicines developed at proper season as per their natural life cycle are collected,

#The medicines which are fully grown, developed are collected.

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=== ''Abhayamalakeeya Pada'' ===

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This part of the chapter deals with ~~''rasayana''~~ prepared from ''haritaki'' (Terminalia chebula) and ''amalaki'' (Emblica officinalis) as the name suggests. These are the first two ~~''rasayana''~~ mentioned in this chapter denoting their importance.

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This part of the chapter deals with [[Rasayana]] prepared from ''haritaki'' (Terminalia chebula) and ''amalaki'' (Emblica officinalis) as the name suggests. These are the first two [[Rasayana]] mentioned in this chapter denoting their importance.

=== ''Haritaki Rasayana'' (verse 1.1.29-32) ===

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''Haritaki'' pacifies ''kapha'' and ''pitta''. It performs ''anulomana'' of ''vata'' i.e. helps to maintain normal movements of ''vata''. It moves out the accumulated ''dosha'' and ''mala'', thus helps to maintain patency and proper functions of ''srotas''. It also activates ''dhatvagni''. Although ''haritaki'' is not directly providing nourishment to ''dhatus'' (body tissues), but due to to proper function of ''srotas'', removes obstructions and helps the nutrients to reach to the ''dhatus''. Also by activating ''dhatvagni'', it helps in proper conversion of nutrients into ''dhatus''. Because of these actions, ''haritaki'' is very important ~~''rasayana''~~.

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''Haritaki'' pacifies ''kapha'' and ''pitta''. It performs ''anulomana'' of ''vata'' i.e. helps to maintain normal movements of ''vata''. It moves out the accumulated ''dosha'' and ''mala'', thus helps to maintain patency and proper functions of ''srotas''. It also activates ''dhatvagni''. Although ''haritaki'' is not directly providing nourishment to ''dhatus'' (body tissues), but due to to proper function of ''srotas'', removes obstructions and helps the nutrients to reach to the ''dhatus''. Also by activating ''dhatvagni'', it helps in proper conversion of nutrients into ''dhatus''. Because of these actions, ''haritaki'' is very important [[Rasayana]].

=== ''Amalaki Rasayana'' (verse 1.1.36-37) ===

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Most of the qualities and actions of ''amalaki'' are similar to ''haritaki''. But ''amalaki'' is ''sheeta veerya'', whereas ''haritaki'' is ''ushna veerya''.

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=== ''Rasayana'' in the first ''Pada'' ===

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=== [[Rasayana]] in the first ''Pada'' ===

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The first part of this chapter mentions six ~~''rasayana''~~, including ''Brahma Rasayana, Chyavanaprasha, Amalaka Rasayana, and Haritaki Rasayana'' (a combination of both ''haritaki'' and ''amalaki''). The contents and procedures for preparation of each of these ~~''rasayana''~~ is mentioned in the text. Commentator Gangadhara has given further details about steps in actual preparation. Apart from the commonly described benefits of ~~''rasayana''~~, at the beginning of the chapter, each ~~''rasayana''~~ has got certain specific benefits. A ''vaidya'' selects a ~~''rasayana''~~ for a person considering mode of action of ~~''rasayana''~~, based on qualities and actions, and based on specific benefits of that ~~''rasayana''~~.

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The first part of this chapter mentions six [[Rasayana]], including ''Brahma Rasayana, Chyavanaprasha, Amalaka Rasayana, and Haritaki Rasayana'' (a combination of both ''haritaki'' and ''amalaki''). The contents and procedures for preparation of each of these [[Rasayana]] is mentioned in the text. Commentator Gangadhara has given further details about steps in actual preparation. Apart from the commonly described benefits of [[Rasayana]], at the beginning of the chapter, each [[Rasayana]] has got certain specific benefits. A ''vaidya'' selects a [[Rasayana]] for a person considering mode of action of [[Rasayana]], based on qualities and actions, and based on specific benefits of that [[Rasayana]].

==== ''Brahma Rasayana'' ====

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This ~~''rasayana''~~ is prepared with thousand ''haritaki'' fruits and three thousand ''amalaki'' fruits, with 25 other medicines used for ''kvatha'' (decoction) and 14 other medicines used for ''kalka'' (in the form of paste). Specially this ~~''rasayana''~~, apart from general benefits of ~~''rasayana''~~, is described as useful for removing ''tandra'' (drowsiness), ''klama'' ( lassitude), ''shvasa'' (dyspnea). It also boosts intelligence and memory. These benefits of this ~~''rasayana''~~, are because it ignites ''agni'', performs digestion of ama, therefore improves the quality of rasa. Also since it eliminates accumulated malas from the body and performs pachana of ama, ''srotas'' become clear and patent. Thus, ''tamoguna'' is reduced and ''sattva guna'' increases.

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This [[Rasayana]] is prepared with thousand ''haritaki'' fruits and three thousand ''amalaki'' fruits, with 25 other medicines used for ''kvatha'' (decoction) and 14 other medicines used for ''kalka'' (in the form of paste). Specially this [[Rasayana]], apart from general benefits of [[Rasayana]], is described as useful for removing ''tandra'' (drowsiness), ''klama'' ( lassitude), ''shvasa'' (dyspnea). It also boosts intelligence and memory. These benefits of this [[Rasayana]], are because it ignites ''agni'', performs digestion of ama, therefore improves the quality of rasa. Also since it eliminates accumulated malas from the body and performs pachana of ama, ''srotas'' become clear and patent. Thus, ''tamoguna'' is reduced and ''sattva guna'' increases.

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While the second brahma ~~''rasayana''~~ is prepared with a thousand ''amalaki'' fruits triturated in the juice of a thousand ''amalaki'' fruits. With addition of 23 other medicines and ''bhasma'' (specific form which can be absorbed and assimilated in the body) of gold, silver, copper, praval and iron. Because of such ingredients, it specifically provides great physical strength, and also power of ''indriya'' (sensory faculty) is enhanced. Also the body develops the capacity to counteract the effects of poisons.

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While the second brahma [[Rasayana]] is prepared with a thousand ''amalaki'' fruits triturated in the juice of a thousand ''amalaki'' fruits. With addition of 23 other medicines and ''bhasma'' (specific form which can be absorbed and assimilated in the body) of gold, silver, copper, praval and iron. Because of such ingredients, it specifically provides great physical strength, and also power of ''indriya'' (sensory faculty) is enhanced. Also the body develops the capacity to counteract the effects of poisons.

==== ''Chyavanaprasha Rasayana'' ====

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''Chyanaprasha'' is prepared from the pulp of 500 ''amalaki'' fruits, with addition of 36 other medicines used for ''kvatha'' (decoction) and fine powders of four other medicines added at the end. It is specifically useful for maintaining youth and vigor. It helps to build body tissues in children, old and emaciated persons. Ignites ''agni'' and Improves beauty. Also useful in disorders of voice, diseases of chest, heart diseases, and disorders of urinary tract and genital organs.

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=== Diseases from changing lifestyle and importance of ~~''rasayana''~~ ===

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=== Diseases from changing lifestyle and importance of [[Rasayana]] ===

The second quarter starts with description of changing lifestyle and the resultant disorders. It is described that with their healthy lifestyle the ancient sages were free from diseases. But diseases originated due to urbanization and thereby changing lifestyle.

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This description is even more important in present era, because many of the dietary articles and the activities mentioned here have become common now like more consumption of salt, sour and pungent items, sprouted grains, dried vegetables and meat, sleeping in day time, irregular timings of meals, irregular improper and excessive exercises and physical activities, using unhealthy combinations like milk with salty and sour items, or milk with fruits, continuously affected by anger, grief, greed fear like mental states etc. This results in diseases with laxity in muscles, muscular dystrophies etc., diseases of bone marrow, joint disorders, impotency and infertility and so on.

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It is described that by following proper healthy lifestyle and by the use of ~~''rasayana''~~, one can get freedom from such diseases. Therefore, thorough study and application of ~~''rasayana''~~ is needed in the present era.

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It is described that by following proper healthy lifestyle and by the use of [[Rasayana]], one can get freedom from such diseases. Therefore, thorough study and application of [[Rasayana]] is needed in the present era.

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=== ''Rasayana'' in the second ''pada'' ===

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=== [[Rasayana]] in the second ''pada'' ===

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In the second quarter 37 ~~''rasayana''~~ have been described. The name ''pranakameeya'' suggests desire or quest for living i.e. desire for longevity. For this purpose, ~~''rasayana''~~ prepared mainly from ''amalaki'' are described.

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In the second quarter 37 [[Rasayana]] have been described. The name ''pranakameeya'' suggests desire or quest for living i.e. desire for longevity. For this purpose, [[Rasayana]] prepared mainly from ''amalaki'' are described.

==== ''Nagabala Rasayana'' ====

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As the name suggests provides strength and stability to body tissues. The same method of using ''nagabala'' as ~~''rasayana''~~ described here is applicable for using 10 other ~~''rasayana''~~ enlisted from ''bala'' to ''punarnava''.

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As the name suggests provides strength and stability to body tissues. The same method of using ''nagabala'' as [[Rasayana]] described here is applicable for using 10 other [[Rasayana]] enlisted from ''bala'' to ''punarnava''.

==== ''Bhallataka Rasayana'' ====

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This is extremely ''ushna-teekshna'' due to which it is used in ''kapha'' dominant conditions, or where ''kapha'' obstructs movements of ''vata''. Also, to remove obstruction in ''srotas'' and facilitate conduction and conversions going on in ''srotas''. ''Bhallataka'' is also excellent ~~''rasayana''~~ for igniting functions of ''agni''. It also increases intelligence, as it removes ''tamoguna'' (which is responsible for inhibition). 10 specific formulations of ''bhallataka'' are described, which can be used as ~~''rasayana''~~ .

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This is extremely ''ushna-teekshna'' due to which it is used in ''kapha'' dominant conditions, or where ''kapha'' obstructs movements of ''vata''. Also, to remove obstruction in ''srotas'' and facilitate conduction and conversions going on in ''srotas''. ''Bhallataka'' is also excellent [[Rasayana]] for igniting functions of ''agni''. It also increases intelligence, as it removes ''tamoguna'' (which is responsible for inhibition). 10 specific formulations of ''bhallataka'' are described, which can be used as [[Rasayana]] .

Although ''bhallataka'' is very potent, it can result in unwanted effects, when improperly used. Therefore, the precautions to be taken while using it, are mentioned in the text.

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=== ''Rasayana'' in the third ''pada'' ===

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=== [[Rasayana]] in the third ''pada'' ===

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The third quarter is named as ''Karaprachitiya'' because the first ~~''rasayana''~~ mentioned here is prepared from ''amalaki'' fruits plucked by hands. In all 16 ~~''rasayana''~~ are described. Apart from ''rasayanas'' prepared from ''amalaki'', there is ''lauhadi rasayana''. Special benefits of this ~~''rasayana''~~ include increased physical strength, enhanced capacity of ''indriya'' (senses), body becomes capable of sustaining injuries and wounds heal quickly. This is because ''loha'' (iron) provides ''bala'' (strength) to ''rakta''. Also ''loha'' being dominated by ''Prithvi Mahabhuta'', provides strength to ''parthiva'' body constituents like ''asthi'' ( ~ osseous tissue) .

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The third quarter is named as ''Karaprachitiya'' because the first [[Rasayana]] mentioned here is prepared from ''amalaki'' fruits plucked by hands. In all 16 [[Rasayana]] are described. Apart from ''rasayanas'' prepared from ''amalaki'', there is ''lauhadi rasayana''. Special benefits of this [[Rasayana]] include increased physical strength, enhanced capacity of ''indriya'' (senses), body becomes capable of sustaining injuries and wounds heal quickly. This is because ''loha'' (iron) provides ''bala'' (strength) to ''rakta''. Also ''loha'' being dominated by ''Prithvi Mahabhuta'', provides strength to ''parthiva'' body constituents like ''asthi'' ( ~ osseous tissue) .

==== ''Medhya Rasayana'' ====

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These four ~~''rasayana''~~ enhance intelligence. ''Yashtimadhu'' is ''sheeta'', pacifies ''vata-pitta'' and maintains normal ''kapha''. It controls ''rajoguna'' and increases ''sattva'', resulting in boosting intelligence. ''Yashtimadhu'' also nourishes ''dhatus'' and ultimately increases ''shukra'' and ''oja''. As explained by commentator Chakrapani, effects on ''indriya, mana'' and ''buddhi'' are mediated through ''oja''. ''Mandukaparni'' is ''sheeta'' and it specially pacifies ''pitta''. It also controls ''rajoguna'' and increases ''sattva''. ''Shankhapushpi'' is slightly ''ushna'', specially pacifies ''vata''. ''Shankhapushpi'' also controls ''rajoguna'' and increases ''sattva''. ''Shankhapushpi'' nourishes ''majja''. Whereas ''guduchi'' is also slightly ''ushna'', pacifies all three ''doshas'', controls tama and increases ''sattva''. Keeping in mind such peculiarities, specific ~~''rasayana''~~ is chosen for a specific person. Many researches have been conducted on these ''medhya rasayana''.<ref>Ray S, Ray A (2015) Medhya Rasayanas in Brain Function and Disease. Med chem 5:505-511. doi: 10.4172/2161-0444.1000309</ref>

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These four [[Rasayana]] enhance intelligence. ''Yashtimadhu'' is ''sheeta'', pacifies ''vata-pitta'' and maintains normal ''kapha''. It controls ''rajoguna'' and increases ''sattva'', resulting in boosting intelligence. ''Yashtimadhu'' also nourishes ''dhatus'' and ultimately increases ''shukra'' and ''oja''. As explained by commentator Chakrapani, effects on ''indriya, mana'' and ''buddhi'' are mediated through ''oja''. ''Mandukaparni'' is ''sheeta'' and it specially pacifies ''pitta''. It also controls ''rajoguna'' and increases ''sattva''. ''Shankhapushpi'' is slightly ''ushna'', specially pacifies ''vata''. ''Shankhapushpi'' also controls ''rajoguna'' and increases ''sattva''. ''Shankhapushpi'' nourishes ''majja''. Whereas ''guduchi'' is also slightly ''ushna'', pacifies all three ''doshas'', controls tama and increases ''sattva''. Keeping in mind such peculiarities, specific [[Rasayana]] is chosen for a specific person. Many researches have been conducted on these ''medhya rasayana''.<ref>Ray S, Ray A (2015) Medhya Rasayanas in Brain Function and Disease. Med chem 5:505-511. doi: 10.4172/2161-0444.1000309</ref>

==== ''Triphala Rasayana'' ====

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''Triphala'' a combination of ''haritaki, amalaki'' and ''bibhitaka'' is one of the most important medicines in [[Ayurveda]]. Its an important ~~''rasayana''~~ also. ''Triphala'' mainly pacifies ''kapha'' and ''pitta''. By removing obstruction to its movements, it helps to maintain proper actions of ''vata''. It improves the functions of ''dhatvagni'' to digests ''ama'' and eliminates abnormally accumulated ''mala'' and ''doshas'', therefore makes the ''srotas'' clear and patent to enable nutrients to reach ''dhatus''. It also controls ''meda'' which helps to maintain balance in all the ''dhatus'', because abnormally increased ''meda'' blocks nutrition of other ''dhatus'' and produces imbalance.

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''Triphala'' a combination of ''haritaki, amalaki'' and ''bibhitaka'' is one of the most important medicines in [[Ayurveda]]. Its an important [[Rasayana]] also. ''Triphala'' mainly pacifies ''kapha'' and ''pitta''. By removing obstruction to its movements, it helps to maintain proper actions of ''vata''. It improves the functions of ''dhatvagni'' to digests ''ama'' and eliminates abnormally accumulated ''mala'' and ''doshas'', therefore makes the ''srotas'' clear and patent to enable nutrients to reach ''dhatus''. It also controls ''meda'' which helps to maintain balance in all the ''dhatus'', because abnormally increased ''meda'' blocks nutrition of other ''dhatus'' and produces imbalance.

==== ''Shilajatu'' ====

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Being ''katu-tikta'' and ''ushna'', ''shilajatu'' pacifies ''kapha''. It also helps in digestion of ''ama''. Therefore, removes obstruction and helps normal movements of ''vata''. It controls formation of ''meda''. Abnormal ''meda'' blocks nutrition of other ''dhatus''. ''Shilajatu'', by controlling formation of ''meda'', regulates genesis of all the ''dhatus''. In the conditions originating from ''ati santarpana'', i.e. when ''dhatus'' are provided excessive nourishment, but proper transformation of these nutrients in the ''dhatus'' is not done, ''shilajatu'' is very effective. But in the conditions due to ''ati apatarpana'' i.e. when proper nourishment is not available for the genesis of ''dhatus, shiljatu'' is not the ~~''rasayana''~~ of choice.

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Being ''katu-tikta'' and ''ushna'', ''shilajatu'' pacifies ''kapha''. It also helps in digestion of ''ama''. Therefore, removes obstruction and helps normal movements of ''vata''. It controls formation of ''meda''. Abnormal ''meda'' blocks nutrition of other ''dhatus''. ''Shilajatu'', by controlling formation of ''meda'', regulates genesis of all the ''dhatus''. In the conditions originating from ''ati santarpana'', i.e. when ''dhatus'' are provided excessive nourishment, but proper transformation of these nutrients in the ''dhatus'' is not done, ''shilajatu'' is very effective. But in the conditions due to ''ati apatarpana'' i.e. when proper nourishment is not available for the genesis of ''dhatus, shiljatu'' is not the [[Rasayana]] of choice.

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The fourth quarter describes mainly two types of ~~''rasayana''~~ told by Indra and about ''soma'' as ~~''rasayana''~~.

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The fourth quarter describes mainly two types of [[Rasayana]] told by Indra and about ''soma'' as [[Rasayana]].

=== ''Achara Rasayana'' (rasayana effects of good conduct) ===

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Another important aspect of the fourth quarter is ''achara rasayana''. Good conduct like speaking truth, non violence, compassion etc. is considered very much important to obtain benefits of any ~~''rasayana''~~ described here.

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Another important aspect of the fourth quarter is ''achara rasayana''. Good conduct like speaking truth, non violence, compassion etc. is considered very much important to obtain benefits of any [[Rasayana]] described here.

=== ''Vaidya'' ===

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##Digestive and metabolic booster effect, acting at the level of ''agni''

##Promoting micro circulation and tissue perfusion, at the level of ''srotas''

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There is a need to develop an appropriate research methodology of assessment of the effect of ~~''rasayana''~~ remedies on the above mentioned three levels.

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There is a need to develop an appropriate research methodology of assessment of the effect of [[Rasayana]] remedies on the above mentioned three levels.

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#Clinical assessment of the effect of ~~''rasayana''~~ drugs and formulations described by Charak using appropriate biological and therapeutic parameters on clinical trial mode with emphasis on the nutritional effect, anti-aging effect and adaptogenic and immunomodulating effect of this important category of Ayurvedic drugs.

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#Clinical assessment of the effect of [[Rasayana]] drugs and formulations described by Charak using appropriate biological and therapeutic parameters on clinical trial mode with emphasis on the nutritional effect, anti-aging effect and adaptogenic and immunomodulating effect of this important category of Ayurvedic drugs.

#Architectural study of the concept of ''trigarbha rasayana, kuti'' described in [[Charak Samhita]] and to examine the science behind this model for future use if found logical and scientific and for further development.

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#Attempt to develop a new discipline of [[Ayurveda]] geriatrics and immunology through the ~~''rasayana''~~ leads available in the ~~''rasayana''~~ chapter of [[Charak Samhita]].

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#Attempt to develop a new discipline of [[Ayurveda]] geriatrics and immunology through the [[Rasayana]] leads available in the [[Rasayana]] chapter of [[Charak Samhita]].

=== Acknowledgement ===

Agnivesha

Administrators, Editors, Bots, Bureaucrats, Charaksamhita, Moderators (CommentStreams), Interface administrators, Administrators

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