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== Introduction ==

== Introduction ==

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''Dhamargava'' is a ''vamaka'' (emetic) drug. Its synonyms are ''karkotaki, kothaphala, mahajalini'' and ''rajakoshataki''. Its tender leaves, flowers and fruits are used for inducing ''vamana'' (emesis). Two types of ''dhamargava'' are found one is ''tikta'' (bitter) and other ''madhura'' (sweet). ''Tikta'' variety is wild and used as ''aushadha'' (medicine). ''Madhura'' variety is used as ''shaka'' (vegetable). [1] Predominant ''mahabhuta'' in ''vamaka'' drugs are ''agni'' and ''vayu''. By its ''ubhaytobhagahara'' (upper and lower) ''prabhava'' it is ''vamaka'' in nature.

''Dhamargava'' is a ''vamaka'' (emetic) drug. Its synonyms are ''karkotaki, kothaphala, mahajalini'' and ''rajakoshataki''. Its tender leaves, flowers and fruits are used for inducing ''vamana'' (emesis). Two types of ''dhamargava'' are found one is ''tikta'' (bitter) and other ''madhura'' (sweet). ''Tikta'' variety is wild and used as ''aushadha'' (medicine). ''Madhura'' variety is used as ''shaka'' (vegetable).<ref> Dravyaguna- Vigyana, Vol.II, written by Prof. P.V. Sharma, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, Reprint 1998, 382.</ref>Predominant ''mahabhuta'' in ''vamaka'' drugs are ''agni'' and ''vayu''. By its ''ubhaytobhagahara'' (upper and lower) ''prabhava'' it is ''vamaka'' in nature.

''Dhamargava'' is one of nineteen ''phalini dravyas''. [2] It is used in ''vamana'' and ''asthapana basti''. [3] It is also explained in ''vamaka dravyas''. [4] It is used as drug of ''pakvashaya shodhana basti''. [5]

''Dhamargava'' is one of nineteen ''phalini dravyas''. [Cha. Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 1/82] It is used in ''vamana'' and ''asthapana basti''.[Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 1/85] It is also explained in ''vamaka dravyas''.[Cha. Sa. Sutra Sthana 2/7]. It is used as drug of ''pakvashaya shodhana basti''. [Cha. Sa. [[Sidhi Sthana]] 10/25-27]

Rishi Gautam gives his opinion that ''dhamargava'' is best drug because of its ''kapha-pitta nashaka'' property.[6] According to Maharshi Atreya fruit of ''dhamargava'' is best for ''pandu'' (anemia) roga. [7]

Rishi Gautam gives his opinion that ''dhamargava'' is best drug because of its ''kapha-pitta nashaka'' property.[ Cha. Sa. [[Siddhi Sthana]] 11/7]]. According to Maharshi Atreya fruit of ''dhamargava'' is best for ''pandu'' (anemia) roga.[Cha. Sa. [[Siddhi Sthana]] 11/12]  

'''Latin name''': Luffa cylindrica (Linn.) M.J. Roem.  

'''Latin name''': Luffa cylindrica (Linn.) M.J. Roem.  

'''Family''': Cucurbitaceae

'''Family''': Cucurbitaceae

'''Synonyms''': Luffa aegyptiaca Mill., Luffa pentandra Roxb.[8]

'''Synonyms''': Luffa aegyptiaca Mill., Luffa pentandra Roxb.<ref>Indian Medicinal Plants, Vol.II by Kirtikar and Basu, second edition 1998, 1120</ref>

'''Sanskrit synonyms''': Rajakoshataki, dirgha pattolika.[9]

'''Sanskrit synonyms''': Rajakoshataki, dirgha pattolika.<ref>The Wealth of India, Vol. VI L-M, Reprinted 2009, 179.</ref>

'''English name''': Sponge gourd, Smooth luffa.

'''English name''': Sponge gourd, Smooth luffa.

'''Botanical Description''':  

'''Botanical Description''':  

Monoecious, climbing to a considerable height; stems stout, 5- angled, twisted, glabrous or slightly pubescent, often scabrous at the angles. Tendrils usually 3-fid. Leaves orbicular – reniform in outline, 10-20cm. long, often broader than long, palmately 5- (rarely 7) lobed, the lobes acute or acuminate, lobulate and distantly denticulate. Petioles 2.5-10 cm. long, angular slightly scabrous. Male flowers in axillary 4-20, flowered racemes, usually crowded near the top of the raceme. Stamens 5, distinct. Female flowers solitary, usually from the same axils as the males; peduncles stout, 2.5-7.5 cm. long. Fruit 12.5- 30 cm. long cylindric or somewhat trigonous, blunt at the end, marked with longitudinal lines. Seeds black or grey, 10 by 6mm, much compressed, narrowly winged, smooth or slightly tuberculate. [10]

Monoecious, climbing to a considerable height; stems stout, 5- angled, twisted, glabrous or slightly pubescent, often scabrous at the angles. Tendrils usually 3-fid. Leaves orbicular – reniform in outline, 10-20cm. long, often broader than long, palmately 5- (rarely 7) lobed, the lobes acute or acuminate, lobulate and distantly denticulate. Petioles 2.5-10 cm. long, angular slightly scabrous. Male flowers in axillary 4-20, flowered racemes, usually crowded near the top of the raceme. Stamens 5, distinct. Female flowers solitary, usually from the same axils as the males; peduncles stout, 2.5-7.5 cm. long. Fruit 12.5- 30 cm. long cylindric or somewhat trigonous, blunt at the end, marked with longitudinal lines. Seeds black or grey, 10 by 6mm, much compressed, narrowly winged, smooth or slightly tuberculate.<ref>Indian Medicinal Plants, Vol.II, by Kirtikar and Basu, second edition 1998, pp1120. </ref>

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*Veerya: Ushna

*Veerya: Ushna

*Vipaka: Katu

*Vipaka: Katu

*Prabhava: Ubhaytobhagahara. [11]

*Prabhava: Ubhaytobhagahara.<ref>Ibidem Dravyaguna Vigyana Vol.II,(1) 382.</ref>

*Actions and uses:  Apakva phala is used for mutrajanana (diuretic) and stanyajanan (glactagogue). Pakva phala is kriminashaka (anthelmintic), and vatanulomaka (carminative). Its swarasa is virechaka (purgative). The mature seeds are vamaka (emetic). [12]

*Actions and uses:  Apakva phala is used for mutrajanana (diuretic) and stanyajanan (glactagogue). Pakva phala is kriminashaka (anthelmintic), and vatanulomaka (carminative). Its swarasa is virechaka (purgative). The mature seeds are vamaka (emetic).

'''Chemical Constituents''': A substance like Colocynthine extract and one Luffein extract is found in it. In seeds fixed oil is found, one bitter substance and saponin is found. The fruit contains triterpenoid saponins: lucyosides A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M. [13]

'''Chemical Constituents''': A substance like Colocynthine extract and one Luffein extract is found in it. In seeds fixed oil is found, one bitter substance and saponin is found. The fruit contains triterpenoid saponins: lucyosides A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M.

== Sanskrit Text, Transliteration with English Translation ==

== Sanskrit Text, Transliteration with English Translation ==