Changes

#Assessment of [[panchamahabhuta]] in a substance can be carried out by taking into consideration, the most conspicuous characteristic of each ''mahabhuta''. For example, ''gandha guna, rasa guna, rupaguna, sparsh guna'' and ''shabd guna'' are chief characteristics of ''prithvi, jala, agni, vayu'' and ''akasha mahabhutas'' respectively. By these organ-specific methods, it becomes easy to assess the ''panchbhutika'' constitution of the substance. Rest of the ''gunas'' given for each ''mahabhuta'' should be clinically evaluated.

#Assessment of [[panchamahabhuta]] in a substance can be carried out by taking into consideration, the most conspicuous characteristic of each ''mahabhuta''. For example, ''gandha guna, rasa guna, rupaguna, sparsh guna'' and ''shabd guna'' are chief characteristics of ''prithvi, jala, agni, vayu'' and ''akasha mahabhutas'' respectively. By these organ-specific methods, it becomes easy to assess the ''panchbhutika'' constitution of the substance. Rest of the ''gunas'' given for each ''mahabhuta'' should be clinically evaluated.

#The gustatory effect of the initial, as well as final contact of the drug either in the dry or wet state with the tongue, is known as ''rasa'' or taste. ''Rasa'' is the only principle of drug action which can be directly perceived (''pratyaksha gamya''). This is to be assessed in human volunteers by a single blind method with a performa consisting of chief characteristics of each ''rasa''. As mentioned in [[Charak Samhita]] (su. 26/73-79) sugarcane, milk, and sugar candy are all said to be sweet, but there is an obvious difference in the taste of these substances. So, the intensity of each ''rasa'' can be assessed by taste threshold method. Electronic tongue if developed may help to validate the information about the intensity of ''rasa''.   

#The gustatory effect of the initial, as well as final contact of the drug either in the dry or wet state with the tongue, is known as ''rasa'' or taste. ''Rasa'' is the only principle of drug action which can be directly perceived (''pratyaksha gamya''). This is to be assessed in human volunteers by a single blind method with a performa consisting of chief characteristics of each ''rasa''. As mentioned in [[Charak Samhita]] [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 26/73-79] sugarcane, milk, and sugar candy are all said to be sweet, but there is an obvious difference in the taste of these substances. So, the intensity of each ''rasa'' can be assessed by taste threshold method. Electronic tongue if developed may help to validate the information about the intensity of ''rasa''.   

#''Veerya'' and ''vipaka'' are inferred through the activities or final effects (''karma'') produced by intake of drug/diet.

#''Veerya'' and ''vipaka'' are inferred through the activities or final effects (''karma'') produced by intake of drug/diet.

#''Vipaka'' is a pharmacokinetic principle, and its activities are referred at the level of ''koshtha'' (''mutra'' and ''purisha''), ''dhatu'' (''shukra'') and ''doshas''. ''Rasa'' and ''veerya'' are pharmacodynamic principles. Assessment of ''veerya'' and ''vipaka'' are to be evaluated clinically.

#''Vipaka'' is a pharmacokinetic principle, and its activities are referred at the level of ''koshtha'' (''mutra'' and ''purisha''), ''dhatu'' (''shukra'') and ''doshas''. ''Rasa'' and ''veerya'' are pharmacodynamic principles. Assessment of ''veerya'' and ''vipaka'' are to be evaluated clinically.