Changes

=== Chapter authority ===

=== Chapter authority ===

It is the pattern of this classic that in the beginning of every chapter, Charaka proposes the topic which is to be discussed and secondly the common sentence for all the chapter (इति ह स्माह भगवानात्रेयः) is used which shows the authenticity of the text. There are number of discourses in medical science and it is not possible for all to discuss them completely and meticulously that’s why Agnivesha declares very honestly in the beginning of all the chapters that whatever has been discussed is as per the preaching of his teacher Lord Punarvasu Atreya. The title ''Bhagavana'' (lord) itself reveals that Punarvasu Atreya was an extraordinary personality who could completely discuss the medical science without any mistake and lacunae<ref>Agnivesha, Charaka-Samhita, with the “[[Ayurveda]]-Dipika” commentary by Chakrapanidatta and Edited by Vaidya Yadavji Trikamji Acharya, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi (India), reprint edition-2000, Page No-1-4 </ref>.

It is the pattern of this classic that in the beginning of every chapter, Charaka proposes the topic which is to be discussed and secondly the common sentence for all the chapter (इति ह स्माह भगवानात्रेयः) is used which shows the authenticity of the text. There are number of discourses in medical science and it is not possible for all to discuss them completely and meticulously that’s why Agnivesha declares very honestly in the beginning of all the chapters that whatever has been discussed is as per the preaching of his teacher Lord Punarvasu Atreya. The title ''Bhagavana'' (lord) itself reveals that Punarvasu Atreya was an extraordinary personality who could completely discuss the medical science without any mistake and lacunae<ref>Chakrapani, Charak.  In: Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya, Editor. Charak Samhita. Varanasi:Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi (India), reprint edition-2000, Page No-1-4 </ref>.

=== Success of treatment ===

=== Success of treatment ===

''Chikitsa'' is indicated in curable disease <ref>Agnivesha, Charaka-Samhita, with the “[[Ayurveda]]-Dipika” commentary by Chakrapanidatta and Edited by Vaidya Yadavji Trikamji Acharya, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi (India), reprint edition-2000, Page No-17.</ref> and another important concept of [[Ayurveda]] in this regard is that ''chatushpada upapatti'' (desired qualities of four limbs of treatment) are one of the important cause in the success of treatment<ref>Agnivesha, Charaka-Samhita, with the “[[Ayurveda]]-Dipika” commentary by Chakrapanidatta and Edited by Vaidya Yadavji Trikamji Acharya, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi (India), reprint edition-2000, Page No-66.</ref>. In the above mentioned verses the desired qualities of patients are lacking and patient is one of the important components among ''chatushpada''. In such situations chances of complications are also high.<ref>Agnivesha, Charaka-Samhita, with the “[[Ayurveda]]-Dipika” commentary by Chakrapanidatta and Edited by Vaidya Yadavji Trikamji Acharya, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi (India), reprint edition-2000, Page No.-687</ref>

''Chikitsa'' is indicated in curable disease <ref>Agnivesha, Charaka-Samhita, with the “[[Ayurveda]]-Dipika” commentary by Chakrapanidatta and Edited by Vaidya Yadavji Trikamji Acharya, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi (India), reprint edition-2000, Page No-17.</ref> and another important concept of [[Ayurveda]] in this regard is that ''chatushpada upapatti'' (desired qualities of four limbs of treatment) are one of the important cause in the success of treatment<ref>Agnivesha, Charaka-Samhita, with the “[[Ayurveda]]-Dipika” commentary by Chakrapanidatta and Edited by Vaidya Yadavji Trikamji Acharya, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi (India), reprint edition-2000, Page No-66.</ref>. In the above mentioned verses the desired qualities of patients are lacking and patient is one of the important components among ''chatushpada''. In such situations chances of complications are also high.<ref name=chakra>Chakrapani, Charak.In: Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya, Editor. Charak Samhita.1st ed. Varanasi:Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, reprint edition-2000, Page No.-687</ref>

=== Contraindications of ''vamana'' ===

=== Contraindications of ''vamana'' ===

The above mentioned contra-indications are as per general rule but in specific conditions exceptions are also found such as generally ''vamana'' is contra-indicated in ''gulma roga'' but when ''kapha'' is increased and causing diminution of digestive fire, anorexia, nausea etc. in ''vatika gulma'', ''vamana'' is indicated exceptionally.<ref>Agnivesha, Charaka-Samhita, with the “[[Ayurveda]]-Dipika” commentary by Chakrapanidatta and Edited by Vaidya Yadavji Trikamji Acharya, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi (India), reprint edition-2000, Page No.-437 </ref>. Similarly ''vamana'' is advised in vomiting and heart disease according to condition <ref>Agnivesha, Charaka-Samhita, with the “[[Ayurveda]]-Dipika” commentary by Chakrapanidatta and Edited by Vaidya Yadavji Trikamji Acharya, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi (India), reprint edition-2000, Page No.- 690</ref> which is the exception of the general instruction. In all the above mentioned states of contra-indications, ''vamana'' is not contra-indicated in the conditions of poisons, artificial poisons, incompatible food, intake of food during indigestion and ''ama'' (ailment caused by the product of improper digestion and metabolism) because these conditions are of emergent nature. <ref>Agnivesha, Charaka-Samhita, with the “[[Ayurveda]]-Dipika” commentary by Chakrapanidatta and Edited by Vaidya Yadavji Trikamji Acharya, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi (India), reprint edition-2000, Page No.- 687</ref>

The above mentioned contra-indications are as per general rule but in specific conditions exceptions are also found such as generally ''vamana'' is contra-indicated in ''gulma roga'' but when ''kapha'' is increased and causing diminution of digestive fire, anorexia, nausea etc. in ''vatika gulma'', ''vamana'' is indicated exceptionally.<ref>Chakrapani, Charak.In: Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya, Editor. Charak Samhita.1st ed. Varanasi:Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, reprint edition-2000,Page No.-437 </ref>. Similarly ''vamana'' is advised in vomiting and heart disease according to condition <ref>Chakrapani, Charak.In: Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya, Editor. Charak Samhita.1st ed. Varanasi:Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, reprint edition-2000,Page No.- 690</ref> which is the exception of the general instruction. In all the above mentioned states of contra-indications, ''vamana'' is not contra-indicated in the conditions of poisons, artificial poisons, incompatible food, intake of food during indigestion and ''ama'' (ailment caused by the product of improper digestion and metabolism) because these conditions are of emergent nature. <ref name=chakra/>

Vagbhata has added following contra-indications for vamana:

Vagbhata has added following contra-indications for vamana:

For e.g. Asthapana Basti is contraindicated in fatigue due to excess travelling (Yanaklanta). However in other reference Yuktaratha Basti is indicated in certain conditions with similarity of pathogenesis. Though basti is contraindicated in skin diseases (Kushtha),  a formulation for basti is prescribed in management of Kushtha. This is specific to the conditions associated with specific dosha. A study is required to elaborate and explain the reasons.

For e.g. Asthapana Basti is contraindicated in fatigue due to excess travelling (Yanaklanta). However in other reference Yuktaratha Basti is indicated in certain conditions with similarity of pathogenesis. Though basti is contraindicated in skin diseases (Kushtha),  a formulation for basti is prescribed in management of Kushtha. This is specific to the conditions associated with specific dosha. A study is required to elaborate and explain the reasons.

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== References ==

== References ==

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