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<big>'''Abstract'''</big>

<big>'''Abstract'''</big>

 

[[Kushtha Chikitsa]] is a compendium of various skin diseases, divided into two groups i.e. major (''maha kushtha'') and ii. minor (''kshudra kushtha''). Seven types of major and eleven types of minor skin disorders or dermatosis are described here as guidelines to understand diagnosis and treatment principles of various skin disorders. Etiological factors including antagonistic food, suppression of natural urges especially vomiting, quick change in temperature, exposure to excess heat, and sudden biological changes in fluid volume and muscle mass cause ''kushtha''. Clinical features of skin disorders, their diagnosis according to dominance of ''dosha'' as well as their prognosis and treatment is described in detail. [[Panchakarma]] (five body purification procedures) are emphasized for management of skin diseases and prevention of recurrence. Local scrapping method for bloodletting in smaller lesions and venesection for large lesions, therapeutic purgation are important treatment measures in ''kushtha''. Medicinal preparations including ghee, formulations for internal administration and external application on skin lesions are described.  

[[Kushtha Chikitsa]] is a compendium of various skin diseases, divided into two groups i.e. major (''maha kushtha'') and ii. minor (''kshudra kushtha''). Seven types of major and eleven types of minor skin disorders or dermatosis are described here as guidelines to understand diagnosis and treatment principles of various skin disorders. Etiological factors including antagonistic food, suppression of natural urges especially vomiting, quick change in temperature, exposure to excess heat, and sudden biological changes in fluid volume and muscle mass cause ''kushtha''. Clinical features of skin disorders, their diagnosis according to dominance of ''dosha'' as well as their prognosis and treatment is described in detail. [[Panchakarma]] (five body purification procedures) are emphasized for management of skin diseases and prevention of recurrence. Local scrapping method for bloodletting in smaller lesions and venesection for large lesions, therapeutic purgation are important treatment measures in ''kushtha''. Medicinal preparations including ghee, formulations for internal administration and external application on skin lesions are described.  

'''Keywords''': Skin diseases,dermatology, discoloration, itching, saptaka dravya, kotha, Kandu, kapala, udumbara, maṇḍala, rishyajihva, puṇḍarika, sidhma, kakaṇaka, ekakushtha, charmakhya, kitibha, vipadika, alasaka, dadru, charmadala, pama, visphotaka, shataru, vicharchika, kshudrakushtha, mahakushtha, matsyashakalopamam, hasticharmavat, kinakharasparsham, lelitaka, madhvasava, shvetakaraviradya tailam, tiktekshvakvadi taila, kanakakshiritaila, tiktaṣaṭpalakam ghrita, mahatiktakam ghritam, mahakhadiram ghrita, shvitra, daruna,  charunam, kilasa, psoriasis, scabies, ringworms, eczema  

'''Keywords''': Skin diseases,dermatology, discoloration, itching, saptaka dravya, kotha, Kandu, kapala, udumbara, maṇḍala, rishyajihva, puṇḍarika, sidhma, kakaṇaka, ekakushtha, charmakhya, kitibha, vipadika, alasaka, dadru, charmadala, pama, visphotaka, shataru, vicharchika, kshudrakushtha, mahakushtha, matsyashakalopamam, hasticharmavat, kinakharasparsham, lelitaka, madhvasava, shvetakaraviradya tailam, tiktekshvakvadi taila, kanakakshiritaila, tiktaṣaṭpalakam ghrita, mahatiktakam ghritam, mahakhadiram ghrita, shvitra, daruna,  charunam, kilasa, psoriasis, scabies, ringworms, eczema </div>

{{Infobox

{{Infobox

==Introduction==

==Introduction==

 

Skin is the largest organ of the body constituting the integumentary system, comprising of skin, hair and nails etc. It constitutes 16% of body weight. Skin has the total surface area varying 1.2-2.2 sq.m. It is a combined product of ectoderm as well as of mesoderm. ''Kushtha'' (skin disorder or dermatosis) is a chronic disease which presents with ugly colors / complexion/ texture and altered tactile perceptions of the skin. The word ''kushtha'' is derived from ''kushnati vapuh'' meaning that which alters complexion of body by extracting.   

Skin is the largest organ of the body constituting the integumentary system, comprising of skin, hair and nails etc. It constitutes 16% of body weight. Skin has the total surface area varying 1.2-2.2 sq.m. It is a combined product of ectoderm as well as of mesoderm. ''Kushtha'' (skin disorder or dermatosis) is a chronic disease which presents with ugly colors / complexion/ texture and altered tactile perceptions of the skin. The word ''kushtha'' is derived from ''kushnati vapuh'' meaning that which alters complexion of body by extracting.   

Another disease named ''visarpa'' is explained later in 21st chapter of this section also has these components commonly, but due to prominence of impurity in blood that is a rapidly spreading disease whereas ''kushtha'' is slow progressing disease. Whereas ''visarpa'' advances into the visceral parts, ''kushtha'' spreads horizontally and limited to skin only.   

Another disease named ''visarpa'' is explained later in 21st chapter of this section also has these components commonly, but due to prominence of impurity in blood that is a rapidly spreading disease whereas ''kushtha'' is slow progressing disease. Whereas ''visarpa'' advances into the visceral parts, ''kushtha'' spreads horizontally and limited to skin only.   

   

   

All the ''kushtha'' are curable except ''mahakushtha'' named ''kakanak'', because it does not have any systemic involvements. At the end of the chapter, three types of skin disorders caused by hypo-pigmentations are mentioned as ''shwitra'' with their treatments.

All the ''kushtha'' are curable except ''mahakushtha'' named ''kakanak'', because it does not have any systemic involvements. At the end of the chapter, three types of skin disorders caused by hypo-pigmentations are mentioned as ''shwitra'' with their treatments. </div>

== Sanskrit Text, Transliteration and English Translation ==

== Sanskrit Text, Transliteration and English Translation ==

shRuNvagnivesha! samyagvisheShataH sparshanaghnAnAm||3||

shRuNvagnivesha! samyagvisheShataH sparshanaghnAnAm||3||

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Now we shall expound the chapter ''Kushtha Chikitsa'' (Management of skin diseases). Thus said Lord Atreya.

Now we shall expound the chapter ''Kushtha Chikitsa'' (Management of skin diseases). Thus said Lord Atreya.

Etiology, factors essential for genesis of disease, symptoms and signs, premonitory features, pathogenesis along with treatment is being mentioned. Listen Agnivesha! The specialty of this disease is that there is loss of integrity of seat of ''sparshanendriya'' i.e. ''tvacha''. [1-3]

Etiology, factors essential for genesis of disease, symptoms and signs, premonitory features, pathogenesis along with treatment is being mentioned. Listen Agnivesha! The specialty of this disease is that there is loss of integrity of seat of ''sparshanendriya'' i.e. ''tvacha''. [1-3] </div>

=== Etiology ===

=== Etiology ===

viprAn gurUn dharShayatAM pApaM karma ca kurvatAm||8||<br />

viprAn gurUn dharShayatAM pApaM karma ca kurvatAm||8||<br />

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''Viruddha annapana'', excessive intake of ''drava, snigdha'' and ''guru dravyas''; restraining natural urges like vomiting etc; exercising or coming in contact of excessive heat after eating excessive quantity of food. Indulging in habits such as, taking ''shita'' quality food etc. followed by ''ushna'' quality or either fasting followed by heavy meals. Having cold water immediately after exposure to scorching sun, exertion and fear, eating uncooked or raw foods or having meals although previously taken meals have not been digested. Indulging in food and other habits which have been restricted during the phase of [[Panchakarma]].  

''Viruddha annapana'', excessive intake of ''drava, snigdha'' and ''guru dravyas''; restraining natural urges like vomiting etc; exercising or coming in contact of excessive heat after eating excessive quantity of food. Indulging in habits such as, taking ''shita'' quality food etc. followed by ''ushna'' quality or either fasting followed by heavy meals. Having cold water immediately after exposure to scorching sun, exertion and fear, eating uncooked or raw foods or having meals although previously taken meals have not been digested. Indulging in food and other habits which have been restricted during the phase of [[Panchakarma]].  

Consuming new grains, curds, fish, excessive salty and sour food items. Black grams, radish, food prepared from flour paste, sesame, milk and jaggery products. Indulging in sexual activity even if the food is not well digested (sexual intercourse immediately after taking food), sleeping during day time, insulting peers like brahmin / guru and other respected personal and doing sinful acts are the etiological and risk factors of ''kushtha''. [4-8]

Consuming new grains, curds, fish, excessive salty and sour food items. Black grams, radish, food prepared from flour paste, sesame, milk and jaggery products. Indulging in sexual activity even if the food is not well digested (sexual intercourse immediately after taking food), sleeping during day time, insulting peers like brahmin / guru and other respected personal and doing sinful acts are the etiological and risk factors of ''kushtha''. [4-8] </div>

=== Pathogenic factors ===

=== Pathogenic factors ===

na caikadoShajaM ki~jcit kuShThaM samupalabhyate||10||<br />

na caikadoShajaM ki~jcit kuShThaM samupalabhyate||10||<br />

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The vitiated three ''doshas''- ''vata, pitta, kapha'' along with impaired ''tvak, rakta, mamsa'' and ''ambu'' together constitute seven essential entities which play role in pathogenesis of ''kushtha''. ''Kushtha'' can be classified into seven ''mahakushtha'' (major skin disorders) and eleven ''kshudrakushtha'' (eleven minor skin disorders). Single ''dosha'' cannot cause ''kushtha'' on its own i.e. ''kushtha'' is not an ''nanatmaja'' (disease caused by single specific ''dosha'') disease. [9-10]

The vitiated three ''doshas''- ''vata, pitta, kapha'' along with impaired ''tvak, rakta, mamsa'' and ''ambu'' together constitute seven essential entities which play role in pathogenesis of ''kushtha''. ''Kushtha'' can be classified into seven ''mahakushtha'' (major skin disorders) and eleven ''kshudrakushtha'' (eleven minor skin disorders). Single ''dosha'' cannot cause ''kushtha'' on its own i.e. ''kushtha'' is not an ''nanatmaja'' (disease caused by single specific ''dosha'') disease. [9-10]

* [[Kushtha Nidana]]

* [[Kushtha Nidana]]

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