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Line 57: − + − ==== Objective of the assemblage and list of participants ====+ + + Line 84:
Line 86: − ==== Opinions of various participants on the most effective fruit to be used for enema ====+ Line 112:
Line 114: − ===== Views of Shaunaka regarding ''jimutaka'' fruit =====+ − ===== Views of Vamaka regarding ''katu tumbi'' fruit =====+ − ===== Views of Asita Gautam regarding ''dhamargava'' fruit =====+ Line 139:
Line 141: − ===== Views of Badisha regarding ''kutaja'' (Holorrhena antidysenterica) fruit =====+ Line 158:
Line 160: − ===== Views of Kapya regarding ''kritavedhana'' (Luffa acutangula) fruit =====+ − ===== Views of Bhadra Shaunaka regarding ''kritavedhana'' (Luffa acutangula)fruit =====+ Line 175:
Line 177: − ===== Punarvasu Atreya’s final judgment regarding the best among the fruits for medicated enemas =====+ Line 246:
Line 248: − ===== Query regarding efficacy of ''basti'' (therapeutic enema) =====+ Line 262:
Line 264: − ==== Effect of ''basti'' (therapeutic enemas) ====+ Line 290:
Line 292: − ==== Therapeutic enema in animals (veterinary medicine) ====+ Line 306:
Line 308: − ==== Enema receptacle used for administrating medicated enemas in different animals ====+ Line 322:
Line 324: − ==== Length of enema nozzles for different animals ====+ Line 338:
Line 340: − ==== Dosage of enema preparation for evacuation enema in different animals ====+ Line 354:
Line 356: − ==== Common recipes for all type veterinary enemas ====+ Line 370:
Line 372: − ==== Specific enema for curing disease of animals ====+ Line 402:
Line 404: − ===== Specific enema for curing disease of elephants =====+ − ===== Specific enema for curing disease of cattle =====+ − ===== Specific enema for curing disease of horses =====+ − ===== Specific enema for curing disease of donkeys and camels =====+ − ==== Persons who are continuously ill because of their professions ====+ Line 434:
Line 436: − ==== Causes of continuous illness ====+ Line 464:
Line 466: − ==== Common cause of eternally sickess of priests, king servents, courtesans and merchants ====+ Line 499:
Line 501: − ==== ''Basti'' (enema) formulations for treatment ====+ Line 560:
Line 562: − ==== Summary ====+ Line 608:
Line 610: − ==== Various medicinal fruits, advantages and disadvantages ====+ − ===== ''Jimutaka'' (Luffa echinata) =====+ − ===== ''Katutumbi'' (Lagenaria siceraria) =====+ Line 621:
Line 623: − ===== ''Dhamargava'' (Luffa cylindrica) =====+ Line 627:
Line 629: − ===== ''Kutaja'' (Holorrhena antidysenterica) =====+ Line 633:
Line 635: − ===== ''Kritavedhana'' (Luffa acutangula) =====+ Line 639:
Line 641: − ===== ''Madanaphala'' (Randia dumetorum) =====+ Line 645:
Line 647: − ==== Actions of ''basti'' (enema) ====+ − ==== Enema therapy in animals ====+ − ==== Reasons of frequent or permanent illnesses ====+ − + Line 690:
Line 692: − − === Glossary === − − #''Vijjala'' -Slimy, smeary, very vicid (m.w. p. 961) − #''Teksna''- Operating speedily, doing anything quickly (m.w. p. 157) − #''Sanga''-combination, adhesion. − #''Vighat''- Detachment , stroke, in pieces (m.w.p.957) − #''Aratni'' -Length of fore arm, middle length from the elbow to the tip of the little finger. − #''Angula'' - A fingers breadth, a measure equal to 8 barley corns. − #''Drona''- A measure of grains, 1 ''drona'' = 4 ''prastha'', 16 ''kudavas'', 64 ''palas'', 256 ''karshas'' (m.w.p. 134) − #''Srotiyas'' – to give into the possession of ''Brahman'' versed in the ''Vedas''. − #''Panyajivins''- Living by trade, a tradesman. − #One ''prastha'' =64 tola, one ''prastha''=746gm.;1 ''tola''=11.50gm − #One ''Adhaka'' = 256 tolas, 1 ''tola''=11 .50gm
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Now we shall expound the chapter [[Phalamatra Siddhi]] dealing with determination of appropriateness of medicaments for medicated enemas to achieve success. Thus said Lord Atreya. [1-2]
Now we shall expound the chapter "Phalamatra Siddhi" (Utility of medicinal fruits and other factors in standard therapeutic enema). Thus said Lord Atreya. [1-2]
Note: The chapter deals with determination of appropriateness of drugs for medicated enemas to achieve success.
=== Objective of the assemblage and list of participants ===
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Lord Atreya is richly endowed with liberal intellect, perception, memory and everyday knowledge. To resolve the disputes regarding the therapeutic efficacy of the fruits for specific diseases and to determine their merit in the therapeutic enema, an assemblage was organised under the leadership of Lord Atreya in the presence of Bhrigu, Kaushika, Kapya, Shaunaka, Pulastya and Asita Gautam. [3-4]
Lord Atreya is richly endowed with liberal intellect, perception, memory and everyday knowledge. To resolve the disputes regarding the therapeutic efficacy of the fruits for specific diseases and to determine their merit in the therapeutic enema, an assemblage was organised under the leadership of Lord Atreya in the presence of Bhrigu, Kaushika, Kapya, Shaunaka, Pulastya and Asita Gautam. [3-4]
=== Opinions of various participants on the most effective fruit to be used for enema ===
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==== Views of Shaunaka regarding ''jimutaka'' fruit ====
According to Shaunaka, first speaker in the assemblage, among the fruits, ''jimutaka'' (Luffa echinata,) is best drug to be used in medicated enema because it eliminate ''kapha'' and ''pitta doshas'' .
According to Shaunaka, first speaker in the assemblage, among the fruits, ''jimutaka'' (Luffa echinata,) is best drug to be used in medicated enema because it eliminate ''kapha'' and ''pitta doshas'' .
==== Views of Vamaka regarding ''katu tumbi'' fruit ====
According to Vamaka, due to its low potency, ''jimutaka'' is less effective in disintegrating and voiding of stool, while best emetic drug ''katu tumbi'' (Lagenaria siceraria) is the best drug to be used in medicated enema because it eliminates the ''dosha'' through enema.
According to Vamaka, due to its low potency, ''jimutaka'' is less effective in disintegrating and voiding of stool, while best emetic drug ''katu tumbi'' (Lagenaria siceraria) is the best drug to be used in medicated enema because it eliminates the ''dosha'' through enema.
==== Views of Asita Gautam regarding ''dhamargava'' fruit ====
According to Asita Gautam, ''katu tumbi'' (Lagenaria siceraria) is not an aphrodisiac due to its hot , sharp and non- unctuous properties while ''dhamargava'' (Luffa cylindrica) is excellent for eliminating ''kapha dosha'' and ''pitta dosha''. So it may be considered to be the best drug for the medicated enema. [5-6]
According to Asita Gautam, ''katu tumbi'' (Lagenaria siceraria) is not an aphrodisiac due to its hot , sharp and non- unctuous properties while ''dhamargava'' (Luffa cylindrica) is excellent for eliminating ''kapha dosha'' and ''pitta dosha''. So it may be considered to be the best drug for the medicated enema. [5-6]
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==== Views of Badisha regarding ''kutaja'' (Holorrhena antidysenterica) fruit ====
According to Badisha, ''dhamargava'' (Luffa cylindrica) aggravates ''vata dosha'', causes despair and reduces strength of the body, so it is not suitable for medicated enema. While ''kutaja'' (Holorrhena antidysenterica) does not reduce the strength and it alleviates ''kapha dosha'' as well as ''pitta dosha'', and thus, should be considered excellent for medicated enema. [7]
According to Badisha, ''dhamargava'' (Luffa cylindrica) aggravates ''vata dosha'', causes despair and reduces strength of the body, so it is not suitable for medicated enema. While ''kutaja'' (Holorrhena antidysenterica) does not reduce the strength and it alleviates ''kapha dosha'' as well as ''pitta dosha'', and thus, should be considered excellent for medicated enema. [7]
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==== Views of Kapya regarding ''kritavedhana'' (Luffa acutangula) fruit ====
According to Kapya, ''kutaja'' (Holorrhena antidysenterica) is very viscid, causing elimination of ''doshas'' through emesis and also causing aggravation of ''vata dosha''. So it is not suitable for medicated enema, while ''kritavedhana'' (Luffa acutangula) is promoter of ''vata dosha'' and eliminate excessively aggravated ''kapha dosha'' and ''pitta dosha'', so it is the best drug for medicated enema. [8]
According to Kapya, ''kutaja'' (Holorrhena antidysenterica) is very viscid, causing elimination of ''doshas'' through emesis and also causing aggravation of ''vata dosha''. So it is not suitable for medicated enema, while ''kritavedhana'' (Luffa acutangula) is promoter of ''vata dosha'' and eliminate excessively aggravated ''kapha dosha'' and ''pitta dosha'', so it is the best drug for medicated enema. [8]
==== Views of Bhadra Shaunaka regarding ''kritavedhana'' (Luffa acutangula)fruit ====
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According to Bhadra Shaunaka, ''kritavedhana'' is pungent and it reduces strength in excess so it is not best for the medicated enemas. [9]
According to Bhadra Shaunaka, ''kritavedhana'' is pungent and it reduces strength in excess so it is not best for the medicated enemas. [9]
==== Punarvasu Atreya’s final judgment regarding the best among the fruits for medicated enemas ====
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All disciples were satisfied with the clarification of their teacher Punarvasu Atreya regarding therapeutic properties of various fruits for various diseases so, they honered their teacher and bowed before him with happiness and made their more quaries.(15)
All disciples were satisfied with the clarification of their teacher Punarvasu Atreya regarding therapeutic properties of various fruits for various diseases so, they honered their teacher and bowed before him with happiness and made their more quaries.(15)
==== Query regarding efficacy of ''basti'' (therapeutic enema) ====
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Therapeutic enema has been described as it posesses, all attributes and action for curing all type of disease. But here question is raised by the learned scholar that the medicated enema does not reach above the level of umbilicus, then how it is possible for medicated enema to eliminate all type of morbid ''doshas'' (''vata,pitta'' and ''kapha'')from all over the body? [16]
Therapeutic enema has been described as it posesses, all attributes and action for curing all type of disease. But here question is raised by the learned scholar that the medicated enema does not reach above the level of umbilicus, then how it is possible for medicated enema to eliminate all type of morbid ''doshas'' (''vata,pitta'' and ''kapha'')from all over the body? [16]
=== Effect of ''basti'' (therapeutic enemas) ===
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While answering above question, Punarvasu Atreya has mentioned that two properties of ''vata dosha'', detachment (''vighata'') and adhesion (''sanga'') is responsible for sustaining our body. This means that ''vata dosha'' is responsible for the separation (''vighata'') and combination (''sanga'') of stool, urine, ''pitta, kapha'' including other excretory product and tissue elements. ''Vata dosha'' aggravate alone or with the other ''doshas'' in its own habitat (i.e., ''pakvashaya'' or colon), in this condition medicated enema due to its purification action causes alleviation of ''vata dosha'' along with ''pitta dosha'', ''kapha dosha'' and feces, because of alleviation of ''vata dosha'' all disease of body are cured. [17-18]
While answering above question, Punarvasu Atreya has mentioned that two properties of ''vata dosha'', detachment (''vighata'') and adhesion (''sanga'') is responsible for sustaining our body. This means that ''vata dosha'' is responsible for the separation (''vighata'') and combination (''sanga'') of stool, urine, ''pitta, kapha'' including other excretory product and tissue elements. ''Vata dosha'' aggravate alone or with the other ''doshas'' in its own habitat (i.e., ''pakvashaya'' or colon), in this condition medicated enema due to its purification action causes alleviation of ''vata dosha'' along with ''pitta dosha'', ''kapha dosha'' and feces, because of alleviation of ''vata dosha'' all disease of body are cured. [17-18]
=== Therapeutic enema in animals (veterinary medicine) ===
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After understanding therapeutic properties of medicated enema scholar Agnivesha asked about importance of medicated enemas in the treatment of diseases affecting elephants, camels, cattle, horses, sheep and goats.[19]
After understanding therapeutic properties of medicated enema scholar Agnivesha asked about importance of medicated enemas in the treatment of diseases affecting elephants, camels, cattle, horses, sheep and goats.[19]
=== Enema receptacle used for administrating medicated enemas in different animals ===
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Answering above question, Punarvasu Atreya has mentioned that urinary bladder of goats and sheep should be use as enema receptacle in case of elephants and camels , urinary bladder of buffalo should be use in case of cows and horses and urinary bladder of old ox (''jarad gava'') should be used in case of goats and sheep, as veterinary physicians who are proficient in the administration of medicated enema to animals advise.[20]
Answering above question, Punarvasu Atreya has mentioned that urinary bladder of goats and sheep should be use as enema receptacle in case of elephants and camels , urinary bladder of buffalo should be use in case of cows and horses and urinary bladder of old ox (''jarad gava'') should be used in case of goats and sheep, as veterinary physicians who are proficient in the administration of medicated enema to animals advise.[20]
=== Length of enema nozzles for different animals ===
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Length of enema nozzles for elephants should be one ''aratni'' (length of the fore arm), for camels should be 18 ''angulas'' (one ''angula''=3/4 of an inch), for cattle or horses should be 16 ''angulas'', for sheep and goats ten ''angulas''. Only 1/4 of this length of the nozzle should be inserted into the anus of the animals, while administering medicated enemas.[21]
Length of enema nozzles for elephants should be one ''aratni'' (length of the fore arm), for camels should be 18 ''angulas'' (one ''angula''=3/4 of an inch), for cattle or horses should be 16 ''angulas'', for sheep and goats ten ''angulas''. Only 1/4 of this length of the nozzle should be inserted into the anus of the animals, while administering medicated enemas.[21]
=== Dosage of enema preparation for evacuation enema in different animals ===
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Answering question regarding quantity of the fluid to be used as evacuation enema Punarvasu Atreya has mentioned that quantity of the fluid for evacuation enema in goats and sheep should be one ''prastha'' (736 gm), for cattle should be 2-3 ''prastha'' (1472 gm to 2208 gm) depending upon their physique, for camels should be two ''Adhakas'' (5888 gm) and for elephants should be four ''adhaka''( 11776 gm). For oily enema the quantity of the oil to be used for these animals should be one – eighth of quantity prescribed. [22]
Answering question regarding quantity of the fluid to be used as evacuation enema Punarvasu Atreya has mentioned that quantity of the fluid for evacuation enema in goats and sheep should be one ''prastha'' (736 gm), for cattle should be 2-3 ''prastha'' (1472 gm to 2208 gm) depending upon their physique, for camels should be two ''Adhakas'' (5888 gm) and for elephants should be four ''adhaka''( 11776 gm). For oily enema the quantity of the oil to be used for these animals should be one – eighth of quantity prescribed. [22]
=== Common recipes for all type veterinary enemas ===
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For all type of veterinary enemas the recipe containing ingredient like ''kaliga''(Holarrhena antidysenterica), ''kustha''(Saussurea lappa), ''madhuka''(Madhuca indica ), ''pippali''(Piper longum ), ''vacha''(Acorus calamus), ''satahva''(Anethum sowa), ''madana''(Randia dumetorum), and ''rasanjana'' added with jaggery, rock salts and two variety of ''panchamula bilva''(Aegle marmelos ), ''syonaka''(Oroxylum indicum), ''gambhari''(Gmelina arborea ), ''patala''(Stereospermum suaveolens), ''gani-karika''(Piper longum ), ''shala-parni'' (Desmodium gangeticum), ''prishna- parni''(Uraria picta), ''brihati''(Solanum indicum), ''kantakari''(Solanum surattense), and ''goksura''(Tribulis Terrestris.), should be used.[23]
For all type of veterinary enemas the recipe containing ingredient like ''kaliga''(Holarrhena antidysenterica), ''kustha''(Saussurea lappa), ''madhuka''(Madhuca indica ), ''pippali''(Piper longum ), ''vacha''(Acorus calamus), ''satahva''(Anethum sowa), ''madana''(Randia dumetorum), and ''rasanjana'' added with jaggery, rock salts and two variety of ''panchamula bilva''(Aegle marmelos ), ''syonaka''(Oroxylum indicum), ''gambhari''(Gmelina arborea ), ''patala''(Stereospermum suaveolens), ''gani-karika''(Piper longum ), ''shala-parni'' (Desmodium gangeticum), ''prishna- parni''(Uraria picta), ''brihati''(Solanum indicum), ''kantakari''(Solanum surattense), and ''goksura''(Tribulis Terrestris.), should be used.[23]
=== Specific enema for curing disease of animals ===
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==== Specific enema for curing disease of elephants ====
For curing disease of elephant recipe of verse no.23 should be added with decoction of ''ashvattha''(Ficus religiosa), ''vata''(Ficus benghalensis), ''khadira''(Acacia catechu), ''pragraha''(Oroxylum indicum), ''shala''(Shorea robusta), and fruit of ''tala''( Borassus flabellifer).
For curing disease of elephant recipe of verse no.23 should be added with decoction of ''ashvattha''(Ficus religiosa), ''vata''(Ficus benghalensis), ''khadira''(Acacia catechu), ''pragraha''(Oroxylum indicum), ''shala''(Shorea robusta), and fruit of ''tala''( Borassus flabellifer).
==== Specific enema for curing disease of cattle ====
For curing disease of cattle, the recipe of verse no.23 should be added with decoction of ''mudga-parni''(Vigna trilobata), ''masa-parni''(Teramnus labialis), ''dhava''(Anogeissus latifolia), ''shigru'' (Moringa oleifera), ''patali''(Baliospermum montanum), ''madhuka-sara''(Madhuca Indica), ''nikumbha'' (Baliospermum montanum), ''chitraka''(Plumbago zeylanica), ''palasha'' (Butea monosperma), ''bhutika'' (Cymbopogon citratus), ''deva-daru'' (Cedrus deodara) and ''katu-rohini'' (Picrorhiza kurroa).
For curing disease of cattle, the recipe of verse no.23 should be added with decoction of ''mudga-parni''(Vigna trilobata), ''masa-parni''(Teramnus labialis), ''dhava''(Anogeissus latifolia), ''shigru'' (Moringa oleifera), ''patali''(Baliospermum montanum), ''madhuka-sara''(Madhuca Indica), ''nikumbha'' (Baliospermum montanum), ''chitraka''(Plumbago zeylanica), ''palasha'' (Butea monosperma), ''bhutika'' (Cymbopogon citratus), ''deva-daru'' (Cedrus deodara) and ''katu-rohini'' (Picrorhiza kurroa).
==== Specific enema for curing disease of horses ====
For curing disease of horses recipe of verse no.23 should be added in addition with decoction of ''palasa''(Butea monosperma), ''danti'' (Baliospermum montanum), ''sura-daru'' (Cedrus deodara), ''kattarina''(Sterculia urens) and ''dravanti''( Croton tiglium).
For curing disease of horses recipe of verse no.23 should be added in addition with decoction of ''palasa''(Butea monosperma), ''danti'' (Baliospermum montanum), ''sura-daru'' (Cedrus deodara), ''kattarina''(Sterculia urens) and ''dravanti''( Croton tiglium).
==== Specific enema for curing disease of donkeys and camels ====
To cure diseases afflicting donkeys and camels the decoction of verse no.23 should be added in addition with ''pilu'' (Salvadora persica), ''karta, khadira'' (Acacia catechu), ''samyaka'' and leaves of drugs belonging to ''bilvadi''-group. To cure disease of goat and sheep decoction of verse no.23 should be added in addition with ''triphala'' (Terminalia chebul, Terminalia belerica and Emblica officinalis ), ''parusaka'' (Grewia asiatica), ''kapitha'' (Limonia acidissima), ''karnakandu''(Zizyphus jujube), ''bilva''(Aegle marmelos ) and ''kola''. [24-26]
To cure diseases afflicting donkeys and camels the decoction of verse no.23 should be added in addition with ''pilu'' (Salvadora persica), ''karta, khadira'' (Acacia catechu), ''samyaka'' and leaves of drugs belonging to ''bilvadi''-group. To cure disease of goat and sheep decoction of verse no.23 should be added in addition with ''triphala'' (Terminalia chebul, Terminalia belerica and Emblica officinalis ), ''parusaka'' (Grewia asiatica), ''kapitha'' (Limonia acidissima), ''karnakandu''(Zizyphus jujube), ''bilva''(Aegle marmelos ) and ''kola''. [24-26]
=== Persons who are continuously ill because of their professions ===
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Agnivesha asks about the persons who remains forever ill and also method of their treatment. Punarvasu Atreya replies that the persons who are eternally exposed to sickness are ''shrotiyas'' (people belonging to priest class), ''raja-sevakas'' (servant of king), ''veshyas'' (Courtesans) and ''panya-jivina'' (merchants).
Agnivesha asks about the persons who remains forever ill and also method of their treatment. Punarvasu Atreya replies that the persons who are eternally exposed to sickness are ''shrotiyas'' (people belonging to priest class), ''raja-sevakas'' (servant of king), ''veshyas'' (Courtesans) and ''panya-jivina'' (merchants).
=== Causes of continuous illness ===
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Depending upon the needs and mood of clients the courtesan dedicates herself to their leisure constantly by keeping her body clean and by using various cosmetics as well as ornaments. Thus, they fail to attend the regimens which are responsible for maintenance of health. Merchants constantly lead a sedentary life, being excessively attached to greediness involved in their profession, fail to attend the regimens which are responsible for maintenance of health. [29]
Depending upon the needs and mood of clients the courtesan dedicates herself to their leisure constantly by keeping her body clean and by using various cosmetics as well as ornaments. Thus, they fail to attend the regimens which are responsible for maintenance of health. Merchants constantly lead a sedentary life, being excessively attached to greediness involved in their profession, fail to attend the regimens which are responsible for maintenance of health. [29]
=== Common cause of eternally sickess of priests, king servents, courtesans and merchants ===
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Because of the suppression of natural urges, ''vata dosha'' gets aggravated and cause constipation and pain all over the body. The physician, having ascertained this, in the beginning should give ''phala-varti'' (medicated suppository) well prepared with unctuous material.[31]
Because of the suppression of natural urges, ''vata dosha'' gets aggravated and cause constipation and pain all over the body. The physician, having ascertained this, in the beginning should give ''phala-varti'' (medicated suppository) well prepared with unctuous material.[31]
=== ''Basti'' (enema) formulations for treatment ===
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Unctuous type of medicated enema prepared of the decoction of drugs belonging to ''jivaniya''-group (''jivaka, risabhaka, meda, maha-meda, kakoli, kshira-kakoli, mudga-parni masha-parni, jivanti'' and ''madhuka'') and evacuative type of medicated enema prepared of these drugs without adding salt are useful for children. There is no therapy other than evacuative type of medicated enema which efficiently and quickly promotes the growth of limbs and physical strength of both infants and old persons.[36]
Unctuous type of medicated enema prepared of the decoction of drugs belonging to ''jivaniya''-group (''jivaka, risabhaka, meda, maha-meda, kakoli, kshira-kakoli, mudga-parni masha-parni, jivanti'' and ''madhuka'') and evacuative type of medicated enema prepared of these drugs without adding salt are useful for children. There is no therapy other than evacuative type of medicated enema which efficiently and quickly promotes the growth of limbs and physical strength of both infants and old persons.[36]
=== Summary ===
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== Vidhi Vimarsha (Applied Inferences ) ==
== Vidhi Vimarsha (Applied Inferences ) ==
=== Various medicinal fruits, advantages and disadvantages ===
==== ''Jimutaka'' (Luffa echinata) ====
'''Advantages''': Therapeutic properties of ''jimutaka'' (Luffa echinata) for emetic therapy with thirty nine recipes are described in second chapter of [[Kalpa Sthana]]. It is mentioned that ''jimutaka'' (Luffa echinata) taken with appropriate adjuvants cures all the three ''dosha''. ''Jimutaka'' (Luffa echinata,) is used in medicated enema because it eliminate ''kapha'' and ''pitta dosha'' .It is useful for the treatment of ''kustha'' ( skin diseases).
'''Advantages''': Therapeutic properties of ''jimutaka'' (Luffa echinata) for emetic therapy with thirty nine recipes are described in second chapter of [[Kalpa Sthana]]. It is mentioned that ''jimutaka'' (Luffa echinata) taken with appropriate adjuvants cures all the three ''dosha''. ''Jimutaka'' (Luffa echinata,) is used in medicated enema because it eliminate ''kapha'' and ''pitta dosha'' .It is useful for the treatment of ''kustha'' ( skin diseases).
'''Disadvantages''': Due to the low potency jimutaka is less effective in disintegrating and voiding of stool.
'''Disadvantages''': Due to the low potency jimutaka is less effective in disintegrating and voiding of stool.
==== ''Katutumbi'' (Lagenaria siceraria) ====
'''Advantages''': ''Katutumbi'' (Lagenaria siceraria) is used in medicated enema because it eliminates the ''dosha'' through enema. ''Katutumbi'' is useful for treatment of ''meha'' (urinary disease including diabetes). Therapeutic properties of ''katutumbi'' (Lagenaria siceraria) are described in third chapter of [[Kalpa Sthana]] and forty five recipes are described for emetic therapy.
'''Advantages''': ''Katutumbi'' (Lagenaria siceraria) is used in medicated enema because it eliminates the ''dosha'' through enema. ''Katutumbi'' is useful for treatment of ''meha'' (urinary disease including diabetes). Therapeutic properties of ''katutumbi'' (Lagenaria siceraria) are described in third chapter of [[Kalpa Sthana]] and forty five recipes are described for emetic therapy.
'''Disadvantages''': ''Katutumbi'' (Lagenaria siceraria) is not aphrodisiac due to its hot, sharp and non- unctuous properties.
'''Disadvantages''': ''Katutumbi'' (Lagenaria siceraria) is not aphrodisiac due to its hot, sharp and non- unctuous properties.
==== ''Dhamargava'' (Luffa cylindrica) ====
'''Advantages''': It is excellent for eliminating ''kapha'' and ''pitta dosha''. ''Dhamargava'' is useful for ''panduroga'' (anemia). Therapeutic properties of ''dhamargava'' (Luffa cylindrica) are described in fourth chapter of [[Kalpa Sthana]] and sixty recipes are described for emetic therapy.
'''Advantages''': It is excellent for eliminating ''kapha'' and ''pitta dosha''. ''Dhamargava'' is useful for ''panduroga'' (anemia). Therapeutic properties of ''dhamargava'' (Luffa cylindrica) are described in fourth chapter of [[Kalpa Sthana]] and sixty recipes are described for emetic therapy.
'''Disadvantages''': It aggravates ''vata dosha'', causes despair and reduces strength of the body.
'''Disadvantages''': It aggravates ''vata dosha'', causes despair and reduces strength of the body.
==== ''Kutaja'' (Holorrhena antidysenterica) ====
'''Advantages''': It does not reduce the strength and it alleviates ''kapha'' as well as ''pitta dosha''. ''Kutaja'' (Holorrhena antidysenterica) is very viscid, it causes elimination of ''doshas'' through emesis. Therapeutic properties of ''kutaja'' (Holorrhena antidysenterica) are described in fifth chapter of [[Kalpa Sthana]] and eighteen recipes are described for emetic therapy.
'''Advantages''': It does not reduce the strength and it alleviates ''kapha'' as well as ''pitta dosha''. ''Kutaja'' (Holorrhena antidysenterica) is very viscid, it causes elimination of ''doshas'' through emesis. Therapeutic properties of ''kutaja'' (Holorrhena antidysenterica) are described in fifth chapter of [[Kalpa Sthana]] and eighteen recipes are described for emetic therapy.
'''Disadvantages''': It causes aggravation of ''vata dosha''.
'''Disadvantages''': It causes aggravation of ''vata dosha''.
==== ''Kritavedhana'' (Luffa acutangula) ====
'''Advantages''': It is promoter of ''vata dosha'' and eliminate excessively aggravated ''kapha'' and ''pitta dosha''. ''Kritavedhana'' is useful for ''udara roga'' (abdominal diseases including ascitis). Therapeutic properties of ''kritavedhana'' (Luffa acutangula) are described in sixth chapter of [[Kalpa Sthana]] and sixty recipes are described for emetic therapy.
'''Advantages''': It is promoter of ''vata dosha'' and eliminate excessively aggravated ''kapha'' and ''pitta dosha''. ''Kritavedhana'' is useful for ''udara roga'' (abdominal diseases including ascitis). Therapeutic properties of ''kritavedhana'' (Luffa acutangula) are described in sixth chapter of [[Kalpa Sthana]] and sixty recipes are described for emetic therapy.
'''Disadvantages''': is pungent and it reduces strength in excess.
'''Disadvantages''': is pungent and it reduces strength in excess.
==== ''Madanaphala'' (Randia dumetorum) ====
'''Advantages''': It is useful for all disease, because it is sweet, slightly astringent as well as bitter in taste, ununctuous and slightly pungent, hot and viscid properties. It eliminates ''kapha'' and ''pitta dosha'', is harmless and cause downwards movement of ''vata dosha''.
'''Advantages''': It is useful for all disease, because it is sweet, slightly astringent as well as bitter in taste, ununctuous and slightly pungent, hot and viscid properties. It eliminates ''kapha'' and ''pitta dosha'', is harmless and cause downwards movement of ''vata dosha''.
Hence it is concluded that use of ''Madanaphala'' is suitable for therapeutic enema.
Hence it is concluded that use of ''Madanaphala'' is suitable for therapeutic enema.
=== Actions of ''basti'' (enema) ===
Action of medicated enemas are not only elimination of ''vata dosha'', but is also eliminates all type of morbid ''doshas'' from all over the body due to its purification action. Due to ''vighata'' (detachment) property, ''vata dosha'' is responsible for detachment of stool, urine, ''pitta'' including other excreta and tissue element. Due to ''sanga'' (adhesion) property, ''vata dosha'' is responsible for formation all tissue elements, brings about compactness in all the tissue elements of the body and brings together different part of the body. ''Vata dosha'' is the most important causative factor of diseases in ''shakha'' (peripheral tissue elements), ''koshtha'' (viscera of the thorax and abdomen), ''marma'' (vital points and organs including joints), ''urdhva'' (upper part of the body), ''sarvavayava'' (covering the entire body) and ''anga'' (individual part of the body). ''Vata dosha'' generally gets aggravated in its own habitat and can spread all over body through disease pathways. Since medicated enema causes alleviation of this ''vata dosha'' in its basic habitat, others connected to ''vata dosha'' elsewhere in the body gets automatically alleviated.
Action of medicated enemas are not only elimination of ''vata dosha'', but is also eliminates all type of morbid ''doshas'' from all over the body due to its purification action. Due to ''vighata'' (detachment) property, ''vata dosha'' is responsible for detachment of stool, urine, ''pitta'' including other excreta and tissue element. Due to ''sanga'' (adhesion) property, ''vata dosha'' is responsible for formation all tissue elements, brings about compactness in all the tissue elements of the body and brings together different part of the body. ''Vata dosha'' is the most important causative factor of diseases in ''shakha'' (peripheral tissue elements), ''koshtha'' (viscera of the thorax and abdomen), ''marma'' (vital points and organs including joints), ''urdhva'' (upper part of the body), ''sarvavayava'' (covering the entire body) and ''anga'' (individual part of the body). ''Vata dosha'' generally gets aggravated in its own habitat and can spread all over body through disease pathways. Since medicated enema causes alleviation of this ''vata dosha'' in its basic habitat, others connected to ''vata dosha'' elsewhere in the body gets automatically alleviated.
=== Enema therapy in animals ===
Enema therapy advised in animals is a part of ''pashu-ayurevda'' (veterinary medical system). It is a part to be studied separately.
Enema therapy advised in animals is a part of ''pashu-ayurevda'' (veterinary medical system). It is a part to be studied separately.
=== Reasons of frequent or permanent illnesses ===
Certain persons like priests, king servants, courtesans and merchants are frequently sick. This is because of inability to follow proper dietary regimen, improper lifestyle habits, excessive stress due to high responsibility in the job, greediness and suppression of natural urges. These patients are seen in today’s clinical practice. Therefore, their training about the rules given in ''swastha chatushka'' (chapters 5 to 8 of [[Sutra Sthana]]) with ''basti'' therapy is important to avoid frequent illnesses.
Certain persons like priests, king servants, courtesans and merchants are frequently sick. This is because of inability to follow proper dietary regimen, improper lifestyle habits, excessive stress due to high responsibility in the job, greediness and suppression of natural urges. These patients are seen in today’s clinical practice. Therefore, their training about the rules given in ''swastha chatushka'' (chapters 5 to 8 of [[Sutra Sthana]]) with ''basti'' therapy is important to avoid frequent illnesses.
=== References ===
=== Further reading ===
#Ibidem, Agnivesh ,Charaka,Charaka Samhita, Sutrasthan Sadavirecanasatasritiya, 4/9
#Ibidem, Agnivesh ,Charaka,Charaka Samhita, Sutrasthan Sadavirecanasatasritiya, 4/9
#Ibidem,Agnivesh ,Charaka,Dridhabala ,Charaka Siddhisthan, Bastisutriya siddhi , 3/35-68
#Ibidem,Agnivesh ,Charaka,Dridhabala ,Charaka Siddhisthan, Bastisutriya siddhi , 3/35-68
#Ibidem ,Agnivesh ,Charaka,Dridhabala ,Charaka Samhita, Siddhisthan .Kalpanasiddhi ,1/27
#Ibidem ,Agnivesh ,Charaka,Dridhabala ,Charaka Samhita, Siddhisthan .Kalpanasiddhi ,1/27
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