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Some experts like Drudhbala mentioned lodhra as synonym of tilwaka. However, there is controversy about the action of this drug. Lodhra possess stambhaka (styptic) action, whereas tilwaka is considered as virechaka ( purgative) in the present chapter. According to Thakur Balavant Singh, Viburnum nervosum is the true botanical source of Classical tilvaka. In the present context of vidhi vimarsha, the probable solution for this controversy will be discussed.  

Some experts like Drudhbala mentioned lodhra as synonym of tilwaka. However, there is controversy about the action of this drug. Lodhra possess stambhaka (styptic) action, whereas tilwaka is considered as virechaka ( purgative) in the present chapter. According to Thakur Balavant Singh, Viburnum nervosum is the true botanical source of Classical tilvaka. In the present context of vidhi vimarsha, the probable solution for this controversy will be discussed.  

=== Sanskrit Text, Transliteration with English Translation ===

== Sanskrit Text, Transliteration with English Translation ==

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We shall now elaborate/expand the chapter dealing with the “Pharmaceutics of ''tilvaka''”, thus said Lord Atreya.[1-2]

Now we shall expound the chapter "Tilvaka Kalpa" (Pharmaceutical preparations of Tilvaka). Thus said Lord Atreya.[1-2]

==== Synonyms ====

=== Synonyms ===

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Lodhra (One which overcomes kaphapittadi diseases), brihatpatra (plant which has big leaves), tilvaka (which oleates the body) are the synonyms of tilwaka. [2½]

Lodhra (One which overcomes kaphapittadi diseases), brihatpatra (plant which has big leaves), tilvaka (which oleates the body) are the synonyms of tilwaka. [2½]

==== Processing of ''tilvaka twak'' ====

=== Processing of ''tilvaka twak'' ===

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Note: The inner portion of the lodhra is very hard and thus is not useful, so is not recommended for the usage. In the process of kashaya preparation, powder of lodhra should be added with six times of water mixed well and filtered. This process is repeated twenty one times as suggested in the context of madanaphala (Vide Ca.Ka 1/16).

Note: The inner portion of the lodhra is very hard and thus is not useful, so is not recommended for the usage. In the process of kashaya preparation, powder of lodhra should be added with six times of water mixed well and filtered. This process is repeated twenty one times as suggested in the context of madanaphala (Vide Ca.Ka 1/16).

==== Administration of ''tilvaka'' powder ====

=== Administration of ''tilvaka'' powder ===

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-Juice of amalaki (Emblica officinalis) [6]

-Juice of amalaki (Emblica officinalis) [6]

==== Recipe of ''tilvaka'' in the form of ''souviraka'' ====

=== Recipe of ''tilvaka'' in the form of ''souviraka'' ===

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Thus prepared sauveera  is added with paste of lodhra churna in tola (12gms) pramana and given at dose of one anjali (Approximately 200gms) for virechana. [7-7½]

Thus prepared sauveera  is added with paste of lodhra churna in tola (12gms) pramana and given at dose of one anjali (Approximately 200gms) for virechana. [7-7½]

==== Recipe of ''tilvaka'' in the form of ''sura'' ====

=== Recipe of ''tilvaka'' in the form of ''sura'' ===

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This is taken with ''kampillaka kashaya''.[10-10½]

This is taken with ''kampillaka kashaya''.[10-10½]

==== ''Tilvaka avaleha'' (linctus) ====

=== ''Tilvaka avaleha'' (linctus) ===

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''Avaleha'' / linctus prepared by adding ''lodhra'' paste, ghee and sugar to the ''lodhra'' decoction.[11-13]

''Avaleha'' / linctus prepared by adding ''lodhra'' paste, ghee and sugar to the ''lodhra'' decoction.[11-13]

==== ''Tilvaka ghrita'' ====

=== ''Tilvaka ghrita'' ===

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In total four recipes of ''lodhra'' in the form of medicated ghee are elaborated here.[14-16]

In total four recipes of ''lodhra'' in the form of medicated ghee are elaborated here.[14-16]

==== Summary ====

=== Summary ===

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== Vidhi Vimarsha (Applied Inferences ) ==

== Vidhi Vimarsha (Applied Inferences ) ==

==== Controversy of ''Lodhra'' and ''Tilvaka'' ====

=== Controversy of ''Lodhra'' and ''Tilvaka'' ===

Charaka considers Lodhra (Symplocos racemosa) as ''stambhaka dravya''. But, Dradhabala in this chapter considers ''lodhra'' as synonym of tilvaka leading to controversies. These two shall be different drugs, because, tilvaka has mild purgative effect and lodhra has stambhaka (Styptic, astringent) effect. Sushurta mentions lodhra in shyaamaadi (group of shyama etc.), nyagrodaadi (group of nyagrodha etc.) and rodhraadi gana (group of rodhra etc.). He considers rodhra and shaabara rodhra in rodhraadi gana, where these drugs are said to be stambhaka (styptic). In ambashtaadi gana too, shabara lodhra has been told which is stambhaka. In nyagrodaadi gana, both varieties of rodhra has been discussed, where it has been considered as stambhaka.

Charaka considers Lodhra (Symplocos racemosa) as ''stambhaka dravya''. But, Dradhabala in this chapter considers ''lodhra'' as synonym of tilvaka leading to controversies. These two shall be different drugs, because, tilvaka has mild purgative effect and lodhra has stambhaka (Styptic, astringent) effect. Sushurta mentions lodhra in shyaamaadi (group of shyama etc.), nyagrodaadi (group of nyagrodha etc.) and rodhraadi gana (group of rodhra etc.). He considers rodhra and shaabara rodhra in rodhraadi gana, where these drugs are said to be stambhaka (styptic). In ambashtaadi gana too, shabara lodhra has been told which is stambhaka. In nyagrodaadi gana, both varieties of rodhra has been discussed, where it has been considered as stambhaka.

It is also useful in abortions and miscarriages and for ulcers of vagina. Traditionally bark is given in menorrhagia and other uterine disorders. In Unani medicine it is used as emmenogogue and aphrodisiac. It is also a potent remedy for inflammation and cleaning uterus. It contains salireposide and benzoyl salireposide which are inhibitors of phosphodiesterase I and have showed its depressant action on blood pressure and instestinal movements.[5] Symplocos racemosa Roxb also works as a natural antipyretic agent with reduced or no toxicity.[6]

It is also useful in abortions and miscarriages and for ulcers of vagina. Traditionally bark is given in menorrhagia and other uterine disorders. In Unani medicine it is used as emmenogogue and aphrodisiac. It is also a potent remedy for inflammation and cleaning uterus. It contains salireposide and benzoyl salireposide which are inhibitors of phosphodiesterase I and have showed its depressant action on blood pressure and instestinal movements.[5] Symplocos racemosa Roxb also works as a natural antipyretic agent with reduced or no toxicity.[6]

====Types & synonyms of lodhra:====

===Types & synonyms of lodhra ===

Lodhra is said to be of two types:

Lodhra is said to be of two types:

Intensity of the drug here may vary. Like the first yoga is stronger as it has trivrit which is sukha virechaka (pugative), second being slightly less stronger as it has triphala in it which is anulomaka (mild purgative), where as third preparation is more mild as tilvaka alone is the ingredient over here. [11½-13]

Intensity of the drug here may vary. Like the first yoga is stronger as it has trivrit which is sukha virechaka (pugative), second being slightly less stronger as it has triphala in it which is anulomaka (mild purgative), where as third preparation is more mild as tilvaka alone is the ingredient over here. [11½-13]

===References===

== Further reading ==

1. Vd Bapalal, Nighantu Adarsha, Vol  1, Chaukhabha Bharati Academy, Varanasi,II Edition,1999, p.no  823

#Vd Bapalal, Nighantu Adarsha, Vol  1, Chaukhabha Bharati Academy, Varanasi,II Edition,1999, p.no  823

2. http://www.himalayahealthcare.com/herbalmonograph/lodh-tree.htm

#http://www.himalayahealthcare.com/herbalmonograph/lodh-tree.htm

3. Khalid S., C.H Gopalakrishna, Kature D.V., Shaikh K. B., Suresh D.K., Loya P. Gastroprotective and antiulcer activity of mixture of Symplocos racemosa bark and Asarum europaeum root Journal of Pharmacy Research 2010, 3(7):1502-1505

#Khalid S., C.H Gopalakrishna, Kature D.V., Shaikh K. B., Suresh D.K., Loya P. Gastroprotective and antiulcer activity of mixture of Symplocos racemosa bark and Asarum europaeum root Journal of Pharmacy Research 2010, 3(7):1502-1505

4. M. Vijayabaskaran, Amol K. B., G. Babu, P. Sivakumar, P. Perumal1, T. Sivakumar R. Sampathkumar and B. Jayakar. Antitumor Activity and Antioxidant Status of Symplocos racemosa Roxb Against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma in Swiss Albino Mice Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences 2010 1(3):306-314

#M. Vijayabaskaran, Amol K. B., G. Babu, P. Sivakumar, P. Perumal1, T. Sivakumar R. Sampathkumar and B. Jayakar. Antitumor Activity and Antioxidant Status of Symplocos racemosa Roxb Against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma in Swiss Albino Mice Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences 2010 1(3):306-314

5. Raval p. B., patel d. J., patel a. B., ganure l. A. Potent in vitro anticancer activity of symplocos racemosa bark rom. J. Biol. – plant biol., 2009 54(2):135–140

#Raval p. B., patel d. J., patel a. B., ganure l. A. Potent in vitro anticancer activity of symplocos racemosa bark rom. J. Biol. – plant biol., 2009 54(2):135–140

6. http://www.konarkindex.com/index.php/lodhra

#http://www.konarkindex.com/index.php/lodhra

7. Vd Bapalal, Nighantu Adarsha, Vol  1, Chaukhabha Bharati Academy, Varanasi,II Edition,1999, p.no  821

#Vd Bapalal, Nighantu Adarsha, Vol  1, Chaukhabha Bharati Academy, Varanasi,II Edition,1999, p.no  821

8. P V Sharma, Guruprasad Sharma, Kaiyadeva Nighantu,Chaukhmbha Orientalia, II Edition, 2006,p.no 208

#P V Sharma, Guruprasad Sharma, Kaiyadeva Nighantu,Chaukhmbha Orientalia, II Edition, 2006,p.no 208

9. Indradev Tripathi, Rajanighantu of Pt Narahari, Chaukhmbha Orientalia 4th Edition,2006,p.no 177

#Indradev Tripathi, Rajanighantu of Pt Narahari, Chaukhmbha Orientalia 4th Edition,2006,p.no 177

10. Gyanendra Pandey, Sodala Nighantu, Chaukhambha Krishnadas Academy, First Edition, p.no 476-77

#Gyanendra Pandey, Sodala Nighantu, Chaukhambha Krishnadas Academy, First Edition, p.no 476-77

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