Changes

Method of administration of pulp of ''aragwadha'' in different age groups and other recipes of ''aragwadha'' are explained lucidly. Drug may not be liked by individual in one form for which twelve different formulations of ''aragwadha'' to suit different needs has been discussed in this chapter.

Method of administration of pulp of ''aragwadha'' in different age groups and other recipes of ''aragwadha'' are explained lucidly. Drug may not be liked by individual in one form for which twelve different formulations of ''aragwadha'' to suit different needs has been discussed in this chapter.

=== Sanskrit Text, Transliteration with English Translation ===

== Sanskrit Text, Transliteration with English Translation ==

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We shall now elaborate/expand the chapter dealing with the “Pharmaceutics of ''chaturangula'' (Cassia fistula Linn)”. Thus said Lord Atreya. [1-2]

Now we shall expound the chapter "Chaturangula Kalpa" (Pharmaceutics of Chaturangula). Thus said Lord Atreya. [1-2]

==== Synonyms of ''Chaturangula'' ====

 

=== Synonyms of ''Chaturangula'' ===

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The different names of ''chaturangula'' are as ''aragwadha'' (One which overcomes diseases), ''rajavriksha'' (royal beautiful tree), ''shampaka'' (which gives auspicious fruits), ''chaturangula'' (four ''angula'' in ''pramana''), ''pragriha'' (which seizes the disease), ''kritamala'' (flowering forms a garland), ''karnikara'' (tree/golden shower) and ''avaghatuka'' (which overcomes the diseases) are the synonyms of ''chaturangula''.[3]

The different names of ''chaturangula'' are as ''aragwadha'' (One which overcomes diseases), ''rajavriksha'' (royal beautiful tree), ''shampaka'' (which gives auspicious fruits), ''chaturangula'' (four ''angula'' in ''pramana''), ''pragriha'' (which seizes the disease), ''kritamala'' (flowering forms a garland), ''karnikara'' (tree/golden shower) and ''avaghatuka'' (which overcomes the diseases) are the synonyms of ''chaturangula''.[3]

==== Therapeutic utility of ''Chaturangula'' ====

=== Therapeutic utility of ''Chaturangula'' ===

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The reason for this is due to its ''guna'' (attributes) and ''anapayitvata''(harmlessness/safe).[4-5]

The reason for this is due to its ''guna'' (attributes) and ''anapayitvata''(harmlessness/safe).[4-5]

==== Processing and storage of ''aragwadha'' ====

=== Processing and storage of ''aragwadha'' ===

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*The fruits when dried, the pulp is taken out and stored in clean containers.[6-7]

*The fruits when dried, the pulp is taken out and stored in clean containers.[6-7]

==== Method of administration of pulp of ''aragwadha'' ====

=== Method of administration of pulp of ''aragwadha'' ===

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Note: Specific age mentioned here indicates that this recipe should not be given to the patients below four years and above twelve years of age.[8-8½]

Note: Specific age mentioned here indicates that this recipe should not be given to the patients below four years and above twelve years of age.[8-8½]

==== Other Recipes of ''aragwadha'' (''chaturangula'') ====

=== Other Recipes of ''aragwadha'' (''chaturangula'') ===

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The tastes are as such chosen and added so that they are ''hridya'' or pleasing to the heart of the patient.

The tastes are as such chosen and added so that they are ''hridya'' or pleasing to the heart of the patient.

==== Summary ====

=== Summary ===

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== Vidhi Vimarsha (Applied Inferences ) ==

== Vidhi Vimarsha (Applied Inferences ) ==

==== Pharmacological profile of ''Aragvadha'' ====

=== Pharmacological profile of ''Aragvadha'' ===

There are many Cassia species worldwide, which is used in herbal medicine systems. This particular family of plants is used widely for their laxative actions. Cassia fistula Linn. is no exception. It is often used as a highly effective moderate laxative that is safe even for children. However, in large doses, the leaves and bark can cause vomiting, nausea, abdominal pain and cramps. Cassia fistula Linn. is also employed as a remedy for tumors of the abdomen, glands, liver, stomach, and throat, for burns, cancer, constipation, convulsions, delirium, diarrhea, dysuria, epilepsy, gravel, hematuria, pimples, and glandular tumors. The seeds are attributed with antibilious, carminative, and laxative properties while the root is used for adenopathy, burning sensations, leprosy, skin diseases, syphilis, and tubercular glands. The leaves are used in erysipelas, malaria, rheumatism, and ulcers. In Brazilian herbal medicine, the seeds are used as a laxative and the leaves and/or bark is used for pain and inflammation. Various laboratory studies report that ''aragwadha'' has evidenced antioxidant, hypoglycemic, Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, antibacterial, antifungal, anticandidal activity, antiviral, laxative, liver protective, mild estrogenic, antitumorous, cholesterol lowering, pain relieving, and fever reducing actions. [3]

There are many Cassia species worldwide, which is used in herbal medicine systems. This particular family of plants is used widely for their laxative actions. Cassia fistula Linn. is no exception. It is often used as a highly effective moderate laxative that is safe even for children. However, in large doses, the leaves and bark can cause vomiting, nausea, abdominal pain and cramps. Cassia fistula Linn. is also employed as a remedy for tumors of the abdomen, glands, liver, stomach, and throat, for burns, cancer, constipation, convulsions, delirium, diarrhea, dysuria, epilepsy, gravel, hematuria, pimples, and glandular tumors. The seeds are attributed with antibilious, carminative, and laxative properties while the root is used for adenopathy, burning sensations, leprosy, skin diseases, syphilis, and tubercular glands. The leaves are used in erysipelas, malaria, rheumatism, and ulcers. In Brazilian herbal medicine, the seeds are used as a laxative and the leaves and/or bark is used for pain and inflammation. Various laboratory studies report that ''aragwadha'' has evidenced antioxidant, hypoglycemic, Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, antibacterial, antifungal, anticandidal activity, antiviral, laxative, liver protective, mild estrogenic, antitumorous, cholesterol lowering, pain relieving, and fever reducing actions. [3]

Pulp of pod contains anthraquinone glycosides, sennosides A & B rhein and its glucoside, barbloin, aloin, formic acid, butyric acid, their ethylesters and oxalic acid. Presence of pectin and tannin are also reported. Seed gave galactomannan free sugard and free aminoacids, extract laxative, carminative, cooling and antipyretic. Flowers give free rein to its glycosides Sennosides A & B.[4]

Pulp of pod contains anthraquinone glycosides, sennosides A & B rhein and its glucoside, barbloin, aloin, formic acid, butyric acid, their ethylesters and oxalic acid. Presence of pectin and tannin are also reported. Seed gave galactomannan free sugard and free aminoacids, extract laxative, carminative, cooling and antipyretic. Flowers give free rein to its glycosides Sennosides A & B.[4]

==== Synonyms ====

=== Synonyms ===

The synonyms play an important role in correct identification of the plant. Apart from the above mentioned synonymns, nighantus (lexicons) suggests names like ''suvarnaka'' (beautiful tree), ''dirghaphala'' (one which has long fruits), ''naradipa, apaghataka, swarnahu'' are the few names of the plant. [5] In Rajanighantu under ''prabhadradi varga'' mentions few more synonymns such as ''nripadhruma, rajataru, aruna, karnabharanaka'' and ''maharajadhruma''.[6]

The synonyms play an important role in correct identification of the plant. Apart from the above mentioned synonymns, nighantus (lexicons) suggests names like ''suvarnaka'' (beautiful tree), ''dirghaphala'' (one which has long fruits), ''naradipa, apaghataka, swarnahu'' are the few names of the plant. [5] In Rajanighantu under ''prabhadradi varga'' mentions few more synonymns such as ''nripadhruma, rajataru, aruna, karnabharanaka'' and ''maharajadhruma''.[6]

''Karnikara'' has been considered as synonym by Charaka but in Dhanwantari Nighantu it is considered as separate drug. [3]

''Karnikara'' has been considered as synonym by Charaka but in Dhanwantari Nighantu it is considered as separate drug. [3]

==== Properties and formulations ====

=== Properties and formulations ===

''Aragwadha'' is ''mridu'' (soft) in ''guna'' (heavy), bitter and sweet in taste and ''madhura'' (sweet) in ''vipaka'' due to which it is very safe to be used in ''bala'' (children), ''vriddha'' (aged), ''sukumara'' (delicate constitution) and ''urakshata'' (injuries to chest) as well as in ''kshina'' (debilitated) too. [7][4-5]

''Aragwadha'' is ''mridu'' (soft) in ''guna'' (heavy), bitter and sweet in taste and ''madhura'' (sweet) in ''vipaka'' due to which it is very safe to be used in ''bala'' (children), ''vriddha'' (aged), ''sukumara'' (delicate constitution) and ''urakshata'' (injuries to chest) as well as in ''kshina'' (debilitated) too. [7][4-5]

Root of ''aragwadha'' is good antipyretic as well as good purgative. Leaves of this plant is good ''saaraka'' (that increase intestinal movements). ''Aragwadha'' fruit pulp with tamarind fruit pulp taken in the night helps to relieve constipation. ''Aragwadha'' fruit pulp can be given even with food and article which patient desires. Foods and articles should be either sweet, pungent or salty in taste. Astringent and bitter even though patient desires should not be used as it hinders drug absorption.[16]

Root of ''aragwadha'' is good antipyretic as well as good purgative. Leaves of this plant is good ''saaraka'' (that increase intestinal movements). ''Aragwadha'' fruit pulp with tamarind fruit pulp taken in the night helps to relieve constipation. ''Aragwadha'' fruit pulp can be given even with food and article which patient desires. Foods and articles should be either sweet, pungent or salty in taste. Astringent and bitter even though patient desires should not be used as it hinders drug absorption.[16]

=== References ===

=== Further reading ===

#K Nishteshwar, Text book of DravyaGuna, Chaukhambha Surabharati Prakashan, Varanasi, First Edition 2007, p.no 212

#K Nishteshwar, Text book of DravyaGuna, Chaukhambha Surabharati Prakashan, Varanasi, First Edition 2007, p.no 212

#R K Sharma, Bhagwan Das, Agnivesha, Charaka Samhita, Vol III, Chaukhambha Sanskrit Series,2009P.No 541(Ch Chi 13/69-70)

#R K Sharma, Bhagwan Das, Agnivesha, Charaka Samhita, Vol III, Chaukhambha Sanskrit Series,2009P.No 541(Ch Chi 13/69-70)

=== Glossary ===

=== Related chapter ===

 

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