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| ''Snehapana, vamana, virehna, vairechanika nasya'' (nasal catarrhal), ''dhumapana'' (medicated cigaretes) are indicated as treatment modalities in different types of ''kasa''. | | ''Snehapana, vamana, virehna, vairechanika nasya'' (nasal catarrhal), ''dhumapana'' (medicated cigaretes) are indicated as treatment modalities in different types of ''kasa''. |
| | | |
− | === Sanskrit Text, Transliteration and English Translation ===
| + | == Sanskrit Text, Transliteration and English Translation == |
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| </div></div> | | </div></div> |
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− | Atreya said, we will now describe the chapter on the treatment of ''kasa''.[1]
| + | Now we shall expound the chapter "Kasa chikitsa"(Management of cough of various origins). Thus said Lord Atreya.[1-2] |
| <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | | <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
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| Atreya, endowed with power of penance, fame and perseverance and super-intellect expounded the infallible therapies for the treatment of ''kasa''. There are five types of ''kasa''. If exacerbated they may cause ''kshaya''. These five types are ''vataja, pittaja, kaphaja, kshataja'' and ''kshayaja''. [3-4] | | Atreya, endowed with power of penance, fame and perseverance and super-intellect expounded the infallible therapies for the treatment of ''kasa''. There are five types of ''kasa''. If exacerbated they may cause ''kshaya''. These five types are ''vataja, pittaja, kaphaja, kshataja'' and ''kshayaja''. [3-4] |
| | | |
− | ==== Premonitory signs ====
| + | === Premonitory signs === |
| <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | | <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
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| #Inability to swallow food.[3-4] | | #Inability to swallow food.[3-4] |
| | | |
− | ==== Pathophysiology of ''kasa'' ====
| + | === Pathophysiology of ''kasa'' === |
| <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | | <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
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| ''Vata'' being obstructed in the lower region of the body, moves upwards, afflicts the channels of circulation in the upper part of the body, takes over the function of ''udana vayu'' and gets localized in the throat and chest. Then entering all the cavities in the head, fills them up and causes hunching and convulsive movements of the body, jaws, sides of the neck and eyes. Thereafter this obstructed ''vata'' causes contraction and stiffness of the eyes, back, chest and sides of the chest, gives rise to ''kasa'' which may be dry or with phlegm because of which it is known as ''kasa''.[6-8] | | ''Vata'' being obstructed in the lower region of the body, moves upwards, afflicts the channels of circulation in the upper part of the body, takes over the function of ''udana vayu'' and gets localized in the throat and chest. Then entering all the cavities in the head, fills them up and causes hunching and convulsive movements of the body, jaws, sides of the neck and eyes. Thereafter this obstructed ''vata'' causes contraction and stiffness of the eyes, back, chest and sides of the chest, gives rise to ''kasa'' which may be dry or with phlegm because of which it is known as ''kasa''.[6-8] |
| | | |
− | ==== Specific features of ''kasa'' ====
| + | === Specific features of ''kasa'' === |
| <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | | <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
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| Specific variations in the pain and sound associated with different types of ''kasa'' are caused by the specific nature of the obstruction (by ''kapha'', etc.) to the force fully moving ''vayu''.[9] | | Specific variations in the pain and sound associated with different types of ''kasa'' are caused by the specific nature of the obstruction (by ''kapha'', etc.) to the force fully moving ''vayu''.[9] |
| | | |
− | ==== Etiological factors, clinical features of ''vataja kasa'' ====
| + | === Etiological factors, clinical features of ''vataja kasa'' === |
| <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | | <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
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| #The upward movements increases ''vata'' after digestion of food.[10-13] | | #The upward movements increases ''vata'' after digestion of food.[10-13] |
| | | |
− | ==== ''Pittaja kasa'' ====
| + | === ''Pittaja kasa'' === |
| <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | | <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
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| #Expectoration of sputum mixed with ''pitta''. [14-16] | | #Expectoration of sputum mixed with ''pitta''. [14-16] |
| | | |
− | ==== ''Kaphaja kasa'' ====
| + | === ''Kaphaja kasa'' === |
| <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | | <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
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| #Feeling of fullness in the chest [17-19] | | #Feeling of fullness in the chest [17-19] |
| | | |
− | ==== ''Kshataja kasa'' ====
| + | === ''Kshataja kasa'' === |
| <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | | <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
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| #While coughing, sounds humming like pigeon. [20-23] | | #While coughing, sounds humming like pigeon. [20-23] |
| | | |
− | ==== ''Kshayaja kasa'' ====
| + | === ''Kshayaja kasa'' === |
| <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | | <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
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| Treatment of different types of ''kasa'' has been described here after.[31] | | Treatment of different types of ''kasa'' has been described here after.[31] |
| | | |
− | ==== Treatment ====
| + | === Treatment === |
| <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | | <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
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| If it is associated with constipation and flatulence should be treated with ''basti''. If the person has dryness of upper part of the body, and is associated with aggravated ''pitta'', then he should be given medicated ''ghrita'' after intake of food. If the person has dryness of the upper part of the body associated with ''pitta'' aggravation then he should be treated with ''snigdha virechana''.[32-34] | | If it is associated with constipation and flatulence should be treated with ''basti''. If the person has dryness of upper part of the body, and is associated with aggravated ''pitta'', then he should be given medicated ''ghrita'' after intake of food. If the person has dryness of the upper part of the body associated with ''pitta'' aggravation then he should be treated with ''snigdha virechana''.[32-34] |
| | | |
− | ==== ''Kantakari ghrita'' ====
| + | === ''Kantakari ghrita'' === |
| <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | | <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
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| Thirty ''pala'' of ''kantakari'' and ''guduchi kashaya'' each is to be boiled with ''ghrita'' to prepare 1 ''Prastha'' of ''ghrita''. This particular ''ghrita'' is beneficial in ''vatika kasa''. It promotes the power of digestion. Thus ends the description of ''kantakari ghrita''.[35] | | Thirty ''pala'' of ''kantakari'' and ''guduchi kashaya'' each is to be boiled with ''ghrita'' to prepare 1 ''Prastha'' of ''ghrita''. This particular ''ghrita'' is beneficial in ''vatika kasa''. It promotes the power of digestion. Thus ends the description of ''kantakari ghrita''.[35] |
| | | |
− | ==== ''Pippalyadi ghrita'' ====
| + | === ''Pippalyadi ghrita'' === |
| <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | | <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
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| Thus ends the description of ''pipplyadi-ghrita''.[36-38] | | Thus ends the description of ''pipplyadi-ghrita''.[36-38] |
| | | |
− | ==== ''Tryushanadi ghrita'' ====
| + | === ''Tryushanadi ghrita'' === |
| <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | | <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
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| Thus ends the description of ''tryushanadi ghrita''. [39-42] | | Thus ends the description of ''tryushanadi ghrita''. [39-42] |
| | | |
− | ==== ''Rasna ghritam'' ====
| + | === ''Rasna ghritam'' === |
| <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | | <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
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| Powder prepared out of ''vidanga, saindhava lavana, kushtha, vyosha, hingu, manahshila'' taken along with ''madhua'' and ''sarpi'' in the form of ''leha'' eradicates ''kasa, hikka'' and ''shwasa''.[47-52] | | Powder prepared out of ''vidanga, saindhava lavana, kushtha, vyosha, hingu, manahshila'' taken along with ''madhua'' and ''sarpi'' in the form of ''leha'' eradicates ''kasa, hikka'' and ''shwasa''.[47-52] |
| | | |
− | ==== ''Chitrakadi leha'' ====
| + | === ''Chitrakadi leha'' === |
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| Thus ends the description of ''chitrakadi leha''.[53-56] | | Thus ends the description of ''chitrakadi leha''.[53-56] |
| | | |
− | ==== ''Agastya haritaki'' ====
| + | === ''Agastya haritaki'' === |
| <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | | <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
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| Thus, ends the description of ''Agastya-haritaki''.[57-62] | | Thus, ends the description of ''Agastya-haritaki''.[57-62] |
| | | |
− | ==== Other formulations ====
| + | === Other formulations === |
| <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | | <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
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| Intake of ''khadira saara'' along with ''madira'' or ''takra''; intake of ''pippali'' fried with ''ghrita'' mixed with ''saindhava'' is beneficial in ''vataja kasa''. [63-64] | | Intake of ''khadira saara'' along with ''madira'' or ''takra''; intake of ''pippali'' fried with ''ghrita'' mixed with ''saindhava'' is beneficial in ''vataja kasa''. [63-64] |
| | | |
− | ==== ''Dhuma'' (medicated smoking) formulations ====
| + | === ''Dhuma'' (medicated smoking) formulations === |
| <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | | <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
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| ''Dhuma'' therapy using bark of ''ingudi, brihati, kantakari, talamuli, manahshila, karpasasthi'' (Seeds of ''karpasa''), ''ashwagandha'' cures ''kasa''. [69-75] | | ''Dhuma'' therapy using bark of ''ingudi, brihati, kantakari, talamuli, manahshila, karpasasthi'' (Seeds of ''karpasa''), ''ashwagandha'' cures ''kasa''. [69-75] |
| | | |
− | ==== Diet recipes ====
| + | === Diet recipes === |
| <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | | <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
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| ''Peya'' prepared out of ''matsya, kukkuta, varaha mamsa'' by adding ''ghrita'' and ''saindhava lavana'' should be taken by a person suffering from ''vataja kasa''. Vegetables like ''vastuka, vayasi, mulaka, sunishannaka'' should be used in ''vataja kasa'' along with adequate quantity of ''sneha, kshera, ikshurasa'' and ''gud''. ''Aranala, amla phala, prasanna'' etc foods and drinks which are ''madhura, amla, lavana'' in nature are useful in ''vataja kasa''.[76-82] | | ''Peya'' prepared out of ''matsya, kukkuta, varaha mamsa'' by adding ''ghrita'' and ''saindhava lavana'' should be taken by a person suffering from ''vataja kasa''. Vegetables like ''vastuka, vayasi, mulaka, sunishannaka'' should be used in ''vataja kasa'' along with adequate quantity of ''sneha, kshera, ikshurasa'' and ''gud''. ''Aranala, amla phala, prasanna'' etc foods and drinks which are ''madhura, amla, lavana'' in nature are useful in ''vataja kasa''.[76-82] |
| | | |
− | ==== Management of ''pittaja kasa'' ====
| + | === Management of ''pittaja kasa'' === |
| <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | | <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
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| Thus ends the description of ''pittaja kasa''. [83-107] | | Thus ends the description of ''pittaja kasa''. [83-107] |
| | | |
− | ==== Management of ''kaphaja kasa'' ====
| + | === Management of ''kaphaja kasa'' === |
| <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | | <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
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| Intake of the powder prepared out of ''souvarchala, abhaya, dhatri, pipplai, kshara'' and ''nagara'' taken along with ''ghrita'' cures ''kasa'' caused by ''vata'' and ''kapha''. [112-122] | | Intake of the powder prepared out of ''souvarchala, abhaya, dhatri, pipplai, kshara'' and ''nagara'' taken along with ''ghrita'' cures ''kasa'' caused by ''vata'' and ''kapha''. [112-122] |
| | | |
− | ==== ''Dashamuladi ghritam'' ====
| + | === ''Dashamuladi ghritam'' === |
| <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | | <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
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| Thus ends the description of ''dashamooladi ghrita''. [123-124] | | Thus ends the description of ''dashamooladi ghrita''. [123-124] |
| | | |
− | ==== ''Kantakari ghritam'' ====
| + | === ''Kantakari ghritam'' === |
| <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | | <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
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| Thus ends the description of ''kantakari-ghrita''. | | Thus ends the description of ''kantakari-ghrita''. |
| | | |
− | ==== ''Kulatthadi ghritam'' ====
| + | === ''Kulatthadi ghritam'' === |
| <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | | <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
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| Thus ends the description of ''kulatthadi- ghrita''. [125-129] | | Thus ends the description of ''kulatthadi- ghrita''. [125-129] |
| | | |
− | ==== ''Dhuma formulations'' ====
| + | === ''Dhuma formulations'' === |
| <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | | <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
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| ''Dhuma yogas'' which have been mentioned at the context of ''vatajakasa'' can also be administered in ''pittaja kasa''. Specifically ''manshilla'' kept inside the ''koshataki phala majja'' is useful in the form of ''dhupana'' in ''kaphaja-kasa''. [130] | | ''Dhuma yogas'' which have been mentioned at the context of ''vatajakasa'' can also be administered in ''pittaja kasa''. Specifically ''manshilla'' kept inside the ''koshataki phala majja'' is useful in the form of ''dhupana'' in ''kaphaja-kasa''. [130] |
| | | |
− | ==== Principles of treatment in various states of ''dosha'' ====
| + | === Principles of treatment in various states of ''dosha'' === |
| <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | | <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
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| Thus ends the description of ''kaphaja kasa''.[131-134] | | Thus ends the description of ''kaphaja kasa''.[131-134] |
| | | |
− | ==== Management of ''kshataja kasa'' ====
| + | === Management of ''kshataja kasa'' === |
| <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | | <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
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| The silk cloth should be soaked with ''jivaniya gana dravyas'' or with egg yolk of ''kulinga''. With this ''varti'' should be prepared and after ''dhumapana'', the person should take the milk soaked with hot iron balls. This is beneficial in ''kshataja kasa''.[138-148] | | The silk cloth should be soaked with ''jivaniya gana dravyas'' or with egg yolk of ''kulinga''. With this ''varti'' should be prepared and after ''dhumapana'', the person should take the milk soaked with hot iron balls. This is beneficial in ''kshataja kasa''.[138-148] |
| | | |
− | ==== Management of ''kshayaja kasa'' ====
| + | === Management of ''kshayaja kasa'' === |
| <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | | <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
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| After ''anuvasana'' the person should be fed with ''mamsa rasa'' prepared out of ''jangala, prasaha, bileshaya,'' and ''vartakas''. Because of their ''ushnata, pramathi bhava'' these move properly in all ''srotas'' and cause dryness of ''kapha'' and simultaneously they nourish the ''srotas''.[149-157] | | After ''anuvasana'' the person should be fed with ''mamsa rasa'' prepared out of ''jangala, prasaha, bileshaya,'' and ''vartakas''. Because of their ''ushnata, pramathi bhava'' these move properly in all ''srotas'' and cause dryness of ''kapha'' and simultaneously they nourish the ''srotas''.[149-157] |
| | | |
− | ==== ''Dvi-panchamuladi ghritam'' ====
| + | === ''Dvi-panchamuladi ghritam'' === |
| <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | | <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
| | | |
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| Thus ends the description of ''dwi-pancha-mooladi-ghrita''.[158-160] | | Thus ends the description of ''dwi-pancha-mooladi-ghrita''.[158-160] |
| | | |
− | ==== ''Guduchyadi ghritam'' ====
| + | === ''Guduchyadi ghritam'' === |
| <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | | <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
| | | |
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| All the above mentioned ''ghrita'' will promote agni of the patient suffering from ''kshayajakasa''. These also cleanse the adhered ''doshas'' from the ''srotas'' of ''koshtha'' and ''uras''.[163-167] | | All the above mentioned ''ghrita'' will promote agni of the patient suffering from ''kshayajakasa''. These also cleanse the adhered ''doshas'' from the ''srotas'' of ''koshtha'' and ''uras''.[163-167] |
| | | |
− | ==== ''Haritaki leha'' ====
| + | === ''Haritaki leha'' === |
| <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | | <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
| | | |
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| Thus ends the description of ''haritaki-leha''. [168-169] | | Thus ends the description of ''haritaki-leha''. [168-169] |
| | | |
− | ==== ''Padmakadi leha'' ====
| + | === ''Padmakadi leha'' === |
| <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | | <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
| | | |
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| ''Bhojya, pana, sarpi, leha, panaka, ksheera, sarpiguda'' and ''dhuma''.[187-190] | | ''Bhojya, pana, sarpi, leha, panaka, ksheera, sarpiguda'' and ''dhuma''.[187-190] |
| | | |
− | ==== Summary ====
| + | === Summary === |
| <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | | <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> |
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| *In contrast to ''hikka'' and ''shwasa, pitta'' is not involved ''kasa'' except ''paittic kasa''. | | *In contrast to ''hikka'' and ''shwasa, pitta'' is not involved ''kasa'' except ''paittic kasa''. |
| | | |
− | Work in progress
| |
| | | |
| == Vidhi Vimarsha (Applied Inferences ) == | | == Vidhi Vimarsha (Applied Inferences ) == |
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| Work in Progress | | Work in Progress |
| | | |
− | References:
| |
| | | |
| <div id="BackToTop" class="noprint" style="background-color:#DDEFDD; position:fixed; | | <div id="BackToTop" class="noprint" style="background-color:#DDEFDD; position:fixed; |