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→Current researches:
==Current researches:==
==Current researches:==
Growth factors produced by stem cells aid in the bone repair process. Current researches investigated the ability of encapsulated rat adipose‐derived stem cells (rASCs) treated with osteogenic media (OM) to produce growth factors, and determined the optimal combination of OM components that will lead to the production of both osteogenic and angiogenic factors. The results demonstrate that microencapsulated stem cells were able to produce vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor‐2, and bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP2) necessary for bone regeneration.
Growth factors produced by stem cells aid in the bone repair process. Current researches investigated the ability of encapsulated rat adipose‐derived stem cells (rASCs) treated with osteogenic media (OM) to produce growth factors, and determined the optimal combination of OM components that will lead to the production of both osteogenic and angiogenic factors. The results demonstrate that microencapsulated stem cells were able to produce vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor‐2, and bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP2) necessary for bone regeneration.<ref>Shirae K. Leslie et al,Production of osteogenic and angiogenic factors by microencapsulated adipose stem cells varies with culture conditions,Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterial ; Vol 108, No 5, Jul 2020 ; PP: 1857-1867</ref>
'''Bone tissue engineering''':
'''Bone tissue engineering''':
• The successful regeneration of bone tissue to replace areas of bone loss in large defects or at load-bearing sites remains a significant clinical challenge. Over the past few decades, major progress is achieved in the field of bone tissue engineering to provide alternative therapies, particularly through approaches that are at the interface of biology and engineering. The major components of bone tissue engineering are the scaffold, cells, and growth factors. The recent advancements in developing scaffolds that can mimic the natural extracellular matrix of bone using two main fabrication techniques, electrospinning and thermally-induced phase separation, and incorporating bone-like minerals, such as hydroxyapatite, composite nanofibrous scaffolds can improve cell adhesion, stem cell differentiation, and tissue formation.
• The successful regeneration of bone tissue to replace areas of bone loss in large defects or at load-bearing sites remains a significant clinical challenge. Over the past few decades, major progress is achieved in the field of bone tissue engineering to provide alternative therapies, particularly through approaches that are at the interface of biology and engineering.<ref>Li JJ, Ebied M, Xu J, Zreiqat H. Current Approaches to Bone Tissue Engineering: The Interface between Biology and Engineering. Adv Healthc Mater. 2018;7(6):e1701061. doi:10.1002/adhm.201701061</ref> The major components of bone tissue engineering are the scaffold, cells, and growth factors. The recent advancements in developing scaffolds that can mimic the natural extracellular matrix of bone using two main fabrication techniques, electrospinning and thermally-induced phase separation, and incorporating bone-like minerals, such as hydroxyapatite, composite nanofibrous scaffolds can improve cell adhesion, stem cell differentiation, and tissue formation.<ref>Holzwarth, J. M., & Ma, P. X. (2011). Biomimetic nanofibrous scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Biomaterials, 32(36), 9622–9629. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.09.009</ref>
'''Scope of further research:'''
'''Scope of further research:'''
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disorder, represents failure of the diarthrodial (movable, synovial-lined) joint. OA of knee joint comes under the inflammatory group which is almost identical to sandhigatavata described in Ayurveda with respect to etiology, pathology, and clinical features. Agnikarma (therapeutic heat burn)is an observed effective nonpharmacological, para surgical procedure for pain management in SandhigataVata (OA of knee joint).
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disorder, represents failure of the diarthrodial (movable, synovial-lined) joint. OA of knee joint comes under the inflammatory group which is almost identical to sandhigatavata described in Ayurveda with respect to etiology, pathology, and clinical features. Agnikarma (therapeutic heat burn)is an observed effective nonpharmacological, para surgical procedure for pain management in SandhigataVata (OA of knee joint).<ref>Jethava NG, Dudhamal TS, Gupta SK. Role of Agnikarma in Sandhigata Vata (osteoarthritis of knee joint). Ayu. 2015;36(1):23‐28. doi:10.4103/0974-8520.169017</ref> <ref>Sharma A, Shalini TV, Sriranjini SJ, Venkatesh BA. Management strategies for Janu Sandhigata Vata vis-a-vis osteoartheritis of knee: A narrative review. Ayu. 2016;37(1):11‐17. doi:10.4103/ayu.AYU_24_16</ref>
* The role of enema therapy in various disorders of bone tissue is an important topic of research. Many researches are carried out in this area as listed below. However precise studies are required to be done for the effect of enema therapy at various levels of bone metabolism and factors responsible for growth.
* The role of enema therapy in various disorders of bone tissue is an important topic of research. Many researches are carried out in this area as listed below. However precise studies are required to be done for the effect of enema therapy at various levels of bone metabolism and factors responsible for growth.