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==== Surgical management ====
 
==== Surgical management ====
• A type of surgical instrument with crossed blades (swastika yantra)was used to remove foreign bodies from bone tissues. [ Su. Sa. Sutra Sthana 7/10]
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• A type of surgical instrument with crossed blades (swastika yantra)was used to remove foreign bodies from bone tissues. [Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana 7/10]
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• Details management of fractures is described in a separate chapter “bhagnachikitsita” by Sushruta. [Su.Sa.ChikitsaSthana 3]
 
• Details management of fractures is described in a separate chapter “bhagnachikitsita” by Sushruta. [Su.Sa.ChikitsaSthana 3]
• Many remarkable advances in surgical management of disorders of bones have been observed including the artificial bone grafting, total joint replacement.  
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• Many remarkable advances in the surgical management of disorders of bones have been observed including the artificial bone grafting, total joint replacement.
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== Contemporary approach and current researches ==
 
== Contemporary approach and current researches ==
 
Asthi dhatu is observed in view of bone or osseous tissue in conventional physiology.  Bone is the dense and hard connective tissue. Its hardness is due to the deposition of inorganic salts like calcium phosphate and calcium sulphate in an organic matrix. There are three types of bone cells – osteoblast, osteocyte and osteoclast.  
 
Asthi dhatu is observed in view of bone or osseous tissue in conventional physiology.  Bone is the dense and hard connective tissue. Its hardness is due to the deposition of inorganic salts like calcium phosphate and calcium sulphate in an organic matrix. There are three types of bone cells – osteoblast, osteocyte and osteoclast.  
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