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|title=Roganika Vimana

|title=Roganika Vimana

|titlemode=append

|titlemode=append

|keywords=Agni, Prakriti, Psychosomatic diseases, Primary and secondary diseases

|keywords=Agni, Prakriti, Psychosomatic diseases, Primary and secondary diseases. classification of diseases, charak samhita, ayurveda

|description=Vimana Sthana Chapter 6. Classification of Diseases

|description=Vimana Sthana Chapter 6. Classification of Diseases

}}

}}

}}

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=== Introduction ===

== Introduction ==

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This chapter is introducing the ten groups in five pairs of diseases, which are explained in earlier two chapters (19th and 20th chapters) of [[Sutra Sthana]]. The principal behind this grouping is the same as the billions of persons are clubbed only in three groups according to predominance of three ''dosha'' in their constitution and personality traits. Similarly, on  the basis of curable/incurable, severity (mild/severe), origin (mental/physical), causative factors (endogenous/exogenous), and pathological sites of diseases (''amashaya samuththa/pakwashaya samuththa'', diseases can also be clubbed in five pairs of ten major groups.   

This chapter is introducing the ten groups in five pairs of diseases, which are explained in earlier two chapters (19th and 20th chapters) of [[Sutra Sthana]]. The principal behind this grouping is the same as the billions of persons are clubbed only in three groups according to predominance of three ''dosha'' in their constitution and personality traits. Similarly, on  the basis of curable/incurable, severity (mild/severe), origin (mental/physical), causative factors (endogenous/exogenous), and pathological sites of diseases (''amashaya samuththa/pakwashaya samuththa'', diseases can also be clubbed in five pairs of ten major groups.   

At the end of the chapter describes qualities of an expert physician who is perfect in diagnosis, skilled in treatment and has good knowledge of drugs.

At the end of the chapter describes qualities of an expert physician who is perfect in diagnosis, skilled in treatment and has good knowledge of drugs.

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=== Sanskrit Text, Transliteration and English Translation ===

== Sanskrit Text, Transliteration and English Translation ==

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We shall now expound the chapter on the “restructuring the groups of diseases” Thus said Lord Atreya. [1-2]

Now we shall expound the chapter "Roganika Vimana"(Classification of Diseases). Thus said Lord Atreya. [1-2]

==== Types of diseases ====

=== Types of diseases ===

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Thus there are two categories of diseases based upon prognosis, intensity, location, cause and origin. There might be only one type of disease or many types of diseases based upon the classification (permutation and combination). Only one type of disease is based on similarity in causing pain and multiple types based upon ten categories and criteria mentioned above prognosis etc. That may be numerable or innumerable. Numerable as mentioned in the chapter [[Ashtodariya]] and innumerable as described in [[Maharoga Adhyaya]] owing to innumerability of nature of pain, change in colour, variation in origin etc. factors. [3]

Thus there are two categories of diseases based upon prognosis, intensity, location, cause and origin. There might be only one type of disease or many types of diseases based upon the classification (permutation and combination). Only one type of disease is based on similarity in causing pain and multiple types based upon ten categories and criteria mentioned above prognosis etc. That may be numerable or innumerable. Numerable as mentioned in the chapter [[Ashtodariya]] and innumerable as described in [[Maharoga Adhyaya]] owing to innumerability of nature of pain, change in colour, variation in origin etc. factors. [3]

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==== Justification for different types of classification ====

=== Justification for different types of classification ===

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An individual has the liberty to classify things as he likes. If something is already classified into some groups in a particular manner, he may reclassify it on the basis of different criteria which may result in changes in the number of groups in different ways. This does not invalidate the number of groups according to some other mode of classification. In some cases the criterion of classification may appear to be the same as the previous one but the specific features of each of these criteria should be observed in deciding about the validity of this classification. The same term may carry different meanings e.g. the word ''roga, antanka, yakshman, doshaprakriti'' and ''vikara'' (morbidity – these terms carry the meaning of or are synonymous with both ''dosha'' and ''vyadhi'' (disease). Thus the term ''roga'' is synonymous with both the ''dosha'' and ''vyadhi''. For the rest like ''hetu'' (etiology) etc., this term, viz. ''roga'' carries a different meaning. [4]

An individual has the liberty to classify things as he likes. If something is already classified into some groups in a particular manner, he may reclassify it on the basis of different criteria which may result in changes in the number of groups in different ways. This does not invalidate the number of groups according to some other mode of classification. In some cases the criterion of classification may appear to be the same as the previous one but the specific features of each of these criteria should be observed in deciding about the validity of this classification. The same term may carry different meanings e.g. the word ''roga, antanka, yakshman, doshaprakriti'' and ''vikara'' (morbidity – these terms carry the meaning of or are synonymous with both ''dosha'' and ''vyadhi'' (disease). Thus the term ''roga'' is synonymous with both the ''dosha'' and ''vyadhi''. For the rest like ''hetu'' (etiology) etc., this term, viz. ''roga'' carries a different meaning. [4]

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==== Physical and psychic ''doshas'' and their vitiators ====

=== Physical and psychic ''doshas'' and their vitiators ===

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==== Factors responsible for manifestation of innumerable diseases ====

=== Factors responsible for manifestation of innumerable diseases ===

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Depending upon the specific nature of the causative factors and also the specificity of the tissue elements afflicted, ''doshas'' when aggravated manifest innumerable types of diseases. [7]

Depending upon the specific nature of the causative factors and also the specificity of the tissue elements afflicted, ''doshas'' when aggravated manifest innumerable types of diseases. [7]

==== Psycho-somatic diseases ====

=== Psycho-somatic diseases ===

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When allowed to persist for long, these psychic diseases viz. ''kama'' (passion) etc., and somatic diseases viz. fever etc., at times get combined with each other. [8]

When allowed to persist for long, these psychic diseases viz. ''kama'' (passion) etc., and somatic diseases viz. fever etc., at times get combined with each other. [8]

==== Psychic doshas- their eternal union ====

=== Psychic doshas- their eternal union ===

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There is an eternal union between the two ''doshas'' pertaining to mind, viz. ''rajas'' and ''tamas''. ''Tamas'' cannot manifest its actions without ''rajas''. [9]

There is an eternal union between the two ''doshas'' pertaining to mind, viz. ''rajas'' and ''tamas''. ''Tamas'' cannot manifest its actions without ''rajas''. [9]

==== Combination of physical ''doshas'' ====

=== Combination of physical ''doshas'' ===

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The three somatic ''doshas'' located at the same place and having identical attributes mostly combine with one another (''samsarga'') or with all taken together (''sannipata''). Attributes of ''doshas'' resemble those of the factors which vitiate those ''doshas''. [10]

The three somatic ''doshas'' located at the same place and having identical attributes mostly combine with one another (''samsarga'') or with all taken together (''sannipata''). Attributes of ''doshas'' resemble those of the factors which vitiate those ''doshas''. [10]

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==== Primary and Secondary diseases ====

=== Primary and Secondary diseases ===

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The primary disease manifests its own symptoms independently; this morbid condition is caused by factors specific to the manifestation of the disease. This can be cured by the therapies prescribed for that particular disease. The subordinate disease is characterized by opposite features. If all the three ''doshas'' are primarily vitiated at a time, the condition is known as ''sannipata''. If only two of the ''doshas'' are vitiated, it is called ''samsarga''. Depending upon the primary and subordinate nature of ''doshas'', they are of many types. Considering such characteristic features, physicians attribute various names (like ''jwara'' or fever and ''atisara'' or diarrhea) to different conditions caused by ''doshas'' and diseases. [11]

The primary disease manifests its own symptoms independently; this morbid condition is caused by factors specific to the manifestation of the disease. This can be cured by the therapies prescribed for that particular disease. The subordinate disease is characterized by opposite features. If all the three ''doshas'' are primarily vitiated at a time, the condition is known as ''sannipata''. If only two of the ''doshas'' are vitiated, it is called ''samsarga''. Depending upon the primary and subordinate nature of ''doshas'', they are of many types. Considering such characteristic features, physicians attribute various names (like ''jwara'' or fever and ''atisara'' or diarrhea) to different conditions caused by ''doshas'' and diseases. [11]

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==== Four types of ''Agni'' ====

=== Four types of ''Agni'' ===

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These four types of ''agni'' occur in the four types of individuals. In individuals having ''vata, pitta'' and ''kapha'' in their balanced and normal state, the ''agnis'' are regular or balanced. In the case of individuals having the dominance of ''vata'' constitution, due to the affliction of the site of ''agni'' by ''vata,'' their ''agnis'' are irregular. In the case of individuals having the dominance of ''pitta'', the ''agnis'' are sharp. Similarly, in the case of individuals having the dominance of ''kapha'' in the constitution, the ''agnis'' are mild due to the affliction of the site of ''agni'' by ''kapha''. [12]

These four types of ''agni'' occur in the four types of individuals. In individuals having ''vata, pitta'' and ''kapha'' in their balanced and normal state, the ''agnis'' are regular or balanced. In the case of individuals having the dominance of ''vata'' constitution, due to the affliction of the site of ''agni'' by ''vata,'' their ''agnis'' are irregular. In the case of individuals having the dominance of ''pitta'', the ''agnis'' are sharp. Similarly, in the case of individuals having the dominance of ''kapha'' in the constitution, the ''agnis'' are mild due to the affliction of the site of ''agni'' by ''kapha''. [12]

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==== Physical constitution ====

=== Physical constitution ===

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The use of terms like ''vataprakriti, pittaprakriti'' and ''kaphaprakriti'' is not correct because in these types of constitutions, there is always a dominance of ''doshas'' in the bodies of individuals. ''Prakriti'' means a normal or natural state and there should not be any dominance of ''doshas'' in the bodies of such individuals. So such individuals as are having the dominance of one or the other ''doshas'' cannot be described to have the normal state of their body. Thus to use the correct term, they are ''vatala'' (having the dominance of ''vata''), ''pittala'' (having the dominance of ''pitta'') and ''shlesmala'' (having the dominance of ''kapha''), and these do not indicate the normal state of their body. [13]

The use of terms like ''vataprakriti, pittaprakriti'' and ''kaphaprakriti'' is not correct because in these types of constitutions, there is always a dominance of ''doshas'' in the bodies of individuals. ''Prakriti'' means a normal or natural state and there should not be any dominance of ''doshas'' in the bodies of such individuals. So such individuals as are having the dominance of one or the other ''doshas'' cannot be described to have the normal state of their body. Thus to use the correct term, they are ''vatala'' (having the dominance of ''vata''), ''pittala'' (having the dominance of ''pitta'') and ''shlesmala'' (having the dominance of ''kapha''), and these do not indicate the normal state of their body. [13]

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==== Management of persons having different types of physical constitution ====

=== Management of persons having different types of physical constitution ===

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Four types of regimens are prescribed for the benefit of these four categories of individuals. For an individual having the balance state of all ''doshas'', all the regimens to be adopted by him should be of balanced type. When there is predominance of ''doshas'', depending upon the nature of the ''doshas'' involved, it is useful to adopt such three regimens as would be in contradiction with these three predominating ''doshas'' till there is normalcy of ''agni''. It is only after the normalcy of the ''agni'' is attained, balanced regimens should be adopted. Similarly, various therapies and other regimens should be administered to these four categories of individuals.  We shall now explain them in detail. [14]

Four types of regimens are prescribed for the benefit of these four categories of individuals. For an individual having the balance state of all ''doshas'', all the regimens to be adopted by him should be of balanced type. When there is predominance of ''doshas'', depending upon the nature of the ''doshas'' involved, it is useful to adopt such three regimens as would be in contradiction with these three predominating ''doshas'' till there is normalcy of ''agni''. It is only after the normalcy of the ''agni'' is attained, balanced regimens should be adopted. Similarly, various therapies and other regimens should be administered to these four categories of individuals.  We shall now explain them in detail. [14]

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==== Characteristic of constitutions and management of ''vata'' dominance ====

=== Three types of patients based upon dosha dominance ===  

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त्रयस्तु पुरुषा भवन्त्यातुराः, ते त्वनातुरास्तन्त्रान्तरीयाणां भिषजाम्| तद्यथा- वातलः,पित्तलः, श्लेष्मलश्चेति| तेषामिदं विशेषविज्ञानं- वातलस्य वातनिमित्ताः, पित्तलस्य पित्तनिमित्ताः, श्लेष्मलस्य श्लेष्मनिमित्ता व्याधयः प्रायेण बलवन्तश्च भवन्ति||१५||  

त्रयस्तु पुरुषा भवन्त्यातुराः, ते त्वनातुरास्तन्त्रान्तरीयाणां भिषजाम्| तद्यथा- वातलः,पित्तलः, श्लेष्मलश्चेति| तेषामिदं विशेषविज्ञानं- वातलस्य वातनिमित्ताः, पित्तलस्य पित्तनिमित्ताः, श्लेष्मलस्य श्लेष्मनिमित्ता व्याधयः प्रायेण बलवन्तश्च भवन्ति||१५||  

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trayastu puruṣā bhavantyāturāḥ, tē tvanāturāstantrāntarīyāṇāṁ bhiṣajām|  

trayastu puruṣā bhavantyāturāḥ, tē tvanāturāstantrāntarīyāṇāṁ bhiṣajām|  

tadyathā- vātalaḥ, pittalaḥ, ślēṣmalaścēti|  

tadyathā- vātalaḥ, pittalaḥ, ślēṣmalaścēti|  

tēṣāmidaṁ viśēṣavijñānaṁ- vātalasya vātanimittāḥ, pittalasya pittanimittāḥ, ślēṣmalasya ślēṣmanimittāvyādhayaḥ prāyēṇa balavantaśca bhavanti||15||

tēṣāmidaṁ viśēṣavijñānaṁ- vātalasya vātanimittāḥ, pittalasya pittanimittāḥ, ślēṣmalasya ślēṣmanimittāvyādhayaḥ prāyēṇa balavantaśca bhavanti||15||

 

ṣēkāvagāhanasaṁvāhanāvapīḍanavitrāsanavismāpanavismāraṇāni,surāsavavidhānaṁ, snēhāścānēkayōnayō dīpanīyapācanīyavātaharavirēcanīyōpahitāstathā śatapākāḥsahasrapākāḥ sarvaśaśca prayōgārthāḥ, bastayaḥ, bastiniyamaḥ sukhaśīlatā cēti||16||  

Trayastu puruShA bhavantyAturAH,te tvanAturAstantrAntarIyANAM bhiShajAm|tadyathA-VatalaH,PittalaH,shleShmalashceti|teShAmidaM

Trayastu puruShA bhavantyAturAH,te tvanAturAstantrAntarIyANAM bhiShajAm|tadyathA-VatalaH,PittalaH,shleShmalashceti|teShAmidaM

shleShmalasya shleShmanimittA vyAdhayaH prAyeNa balavantashca

shleShmalasya shleShmanimittA vyAdhayaH prAyeNa balavantashca

bhavanti||15||  

bhavanti||15||  

tatra Vatalasya VataprakopaNAnyAsevamAnasya

tatra Vatalasya VataprakopaNAnyAsevamAnasya

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If ''vatala'' type of individual resorts to such things which are aggravators of ''vata, vata'' in his body gets aggravated immediately. This does not happen in case of remaining two ''doshas''. The aggravated ''vata'' afflicts individuals by the manifestation of disease already described, resulting in the impairment of strength, complexion, happiness and longevity. The following therapies alleviate this ''dosha'':

If ''vatala'' type of individual resorts to such things which are aggravators of ''vata, vata'' in his body gets aggravated immediately. This does not happen in case of remaining two ''doshas''. The aggravated ''vata'' afflicts individuals by the manifestation of disease already described, resulting in the impairment of strength, complexion, happiness and longevity. The following therapies alleviate this ''dosha'':

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==== Characteristics of ''pittala'' constitution and its management ====

==== Principles of management of pitta dosha dominance ====  

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#Adoption of such other regimens as are of soothing nature. [17]

#Adoption of such other regimens as are of soothing nature. [17]

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==== Characteristics of ''shlaishmala'' constitution and its management ====

==== Principles of management of shleshma dosha dominance ====  

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==== Characteristics of royal physician ====

=== Characteristics of royal physician ===

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A man well versed with the specific features of all diseases, principles of their treatment and properties of all medicaments is entitled to be a royal physician. [19]

A man well versed with the specific features of all diseases, principles of their treatment and properties of all medicaments is entitled to be a royal physician. [19]

==== Summary ====

=== Summary ===

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To sum up, in this chapter, groups of diseases based upon ''vata'' etc. ''prakriti'' types, non-contradiction of classified categories of diseases, similarity in ''dosha'' and ''roga'', numbers of ''doshas'', diseases with one type, causes of vitiation of ''dosha'', description of ''agni'', and means to stimulate it’s functions, ''vata'' etc. dominant types of persons and their management to maintain normalcy of ''dosha'' are described in details by sage Atreya. [20-22]

To sum up, in this chapter, groups of diseases based upon ''vata'' etc. ''prakriti'' types, non-contradiction of classified categories of diseases, similarity in ''dosha'' and ''roga'', numbers of ''doshas'', diseases with one type, causes of vitiation of ''dosha'', description of ''agni'', and means to stimulate it’s functions, ''vata'' etc. dominant types of persons and their management to maintain normalcy of ''dosha'' are described in details by sage Atreya. [20-22]

=== ''Tattva Vimarsha'' / Fundamental Principles===

== Tattva Vimarsha (Fundamental Principles) ==

#The grouping of diseases, patients and ''agni'' is framed for development of common modalities for diagnosis and treatment.

#The grouping of diseases, patients and ''agni'' is framed for development of common modalities for diagnosis and treatment.

#''Agni''( digestive processes) of a person shall be diagnosed as ''tikshna''(severe), ''manda''(low), ''sama''(balanced) and ''vishama''(irregular). The selection of diet and dose of medicine depends upon ''agni''.

#''Agni''( digestive processes) of a person shall be diagnosed as ''tikshna''(severe), ''manda''(low), ''sama''(balanced) and ''vishama''(irregular). The selection of diet and dose of medicine depends upon ''agni''.

=== ''Vidhi Vimarsha'' / Applied Inferences===

== Vidhi Vimarsha (Applied Inferences) ==

''Vimana'' literally means measurement, so this section gives the physical as well pathological parameters for the measurement of various entities like ''dosha, dhatu, agni, srotasa'' etc. In the present chapter method of classification of diseases is given on the basis of prognosis, severity, site of origin, cause and location. Physicians are directed to diagnose the disease as primary or secondary one on the basis of vitiated ''doshas'' and treatment given. Primary ''doshas'' manifest their respective diseases when they are aggravated. On the other hand, the sub-ordinate ''dosha'' manifests their respective symptoms only when they are stimulated by the primary ''dosha''. In other words, in view of their un-manifested symptoms, subordinate ''dosha'', do not get aggravated by the factor responsible for their aggravation as mentioned in the texts nor do they get alleviated by the therapy prescribed specially for them. They get alleviated only when the therapy prescribed for primary ''dosha'' is administered. That is to say the aggravation and alleviation of subordinate ''doshas'' are affected by the causative factors and therapies, other than their own. This is because they share the attributes of the ''dosha'', of primary nature to some extent. For example, in the autumn season ''pitta'' is vitiated primarily and ''kapha'' secondarily due to sour ''vipaka'' of water etc. This is because sour taste is responsible for the vitiation of both. For the treatment of primary ''doshas'', viz. ''pitta'', ghee boiled with bitter drugs is employed; bitter taste, by nature, alleviates the subordinate ''dosha'', viz. ''kapha'' also. ''Anubandhya'' and, ''anubandha'' are the technical terms for primary and secondary diseases respectively known to scholar adapt in the medical science.

''Vimana'' literally means measurement, so this section gives the physical as well pathological parameters for the measurement of various entities like ''dosha, dhatu, agni, srotasa'' etc. In the present chapter method of classification of diseases is given on the basis of prognosis, severity, site of origin, cause and location. Physicians are directed to diagnose the disease as primary or secondary one on the basis of vitiated ''doshas'' and treatment given. Primary ''doshas'' manifest their respective diseases when they are aggravated. On the other hand, the sub-ordinate ''dosha'' manifests their respective symptoms only when they are stimulated by the primary ''dosha''. In other words, in view of their un-manifested symptoms, subordinate ''dosha'', do not get aggravated by the factor responsible for their aggravation as mentioned in the texts nor do they get alleviated by the therapy prescribed specially for them. They get alleviated only when the therapy prescribed for primary ''dosha'' is administered. That is to say the aggravation and alleviation of subordinate ''doshas'' are affected by the causative factors and therapies, other than their own. This is because they share the attributes of the ''dosha'', of primary nature to some extent. For example, in the autumn season ''pitta'' is vitiated primarily and ''kapha'' secondarily due to sour ''vipaka'' of water etc. This is because sour taste is responsible for the vitiation of both. For the treatment of primary ''doshas'', viz. ''pitta'', ghee boiled with bitter drugs is employed; bitter taste, by nature, alleviates the subordinate ''dosha'', viz. ''kapha'' also. ''Anubandhya'' and, ''anubandha'' are the technical terms for primary and secondary diseases respectively known to scholar adapt in the medical science.

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[[File:Chart 1.png]]

==== Chart 1:  Different types of ''Agni''====

=== Chart 1:  Different types of ''Agni''===

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[[File:Chart 2.png]]

==== Chart 2: Factors involved in ''Agni'' process ====

=== Chart 2: Factors involved in ''Agni'' process ===

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[[File:Chart 3.png]]

==== Chart 3: Diagrammatic representation of importance of ''Agni'' ====

=== Chart 3: Diagrammatic representation of importance of ''Agni'' ===

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Determination of psychosomatic constitution as well as disease susceptibility of an individual in population through genetic trait is known as ''prakriti''. ''Prakriti'' is a broad term encompasses all the three genotype, phenotype as well as endophenotype.  The concept of prakriti in [[Ayurveda]] is related to the bio-characteristic of an individual in healthy state and its vulnerability for particular diseases. According to [[Ayurveda]], ''prakriti'' of an individual once determined at the time of fertilization remains unchanged throughout life though it is well influenced by environment. Role of environment in determination of ''prakriti'' during prenatal period is as important as postnatal period. Reviewing the human embryology, it can be postulated that the three primitive germinal layers namely ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm can be correlated with ''vatika, paittika'' and ''kaphaja'' trait. According to [[Ayurveda]] at the time of fertilization the ''doshika prakriti'' is determined by the ''doshika'' predominance of ''shukra'' (sperm) and ''shonita'' (ovum) that represent the fastidious genetic alignment of chromosomes in sperm and ovum and decide the genetic trait of zygote. Robust research is being conducted to study the link between ''prakriti'' and genes.

Determination of psychosomatic constitution as well as disease susceptibility of an individual in population through genetic trait is known as ''prakriti''. ''Prakriti'' is a broad term encompasses all the three genotype, phenotype as well as endophenotype.  The concept of prakriti in [[Ayurveda]] is related to the bio-characteristic of an individual in healthy state and its vulnerability for particular diseases. According to [[Ayurveda]], ''prakriti'' of an individual once determined at the time of fertilization remains unchanged throughout life though it is well influenced by environment. Role of environment in determination of ''prakriti'' during prenatal period is as important as postnatal period. Reviewing the human embryology, it can be postulated that the three primitive germinal layers namely ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm can be correlated with ''vatika, paittika'' and ''kaphaja'' trait. According to [[Ayurveda]] at the time of fertilization the ''doshika prakriti'' is determined by the ''doshika'' predominance of ''shukra'' (sperm) and ''shonita'' (ovum) that represent the fastidious genetic alignment of chromosomes in sperm and ovum and decide the genetic trait of zygote. Robust research is being conducted to study the link between ''prakriti'' and genes.

In [[Nidana Sthana]] Chapter 4 ([[Prameha Nidana]]), Acharya says that the development of disease is multifactorial and it depends upon both the virulence of pathogens (''nidana'') as well as host response (''dushya''). Response of the host can be quantified by using ''prakriti'' as a parameter. [13]

In [[Nidana Sthana]] Chapter 4 ([[Prameha Nidana]]), Acharya says that the development of disease is multifactorial and it depends upon both the virulence of pathogens (''nidana'') as well as host response (''dushya''). Response of the host can be quantified by using ''prakriti'' as a parameter. [13]

=== Applied aspect for future research ===

== Applied aspect for future research ==

#Scientific validation of term ''prakriti'' and standardization of ''doshika'' and ''manasa prakriti''.

#Scientific validation of term ''prakriti'' and standardization of ''doshika'' and ''manasa prakriti''.

#Classification of disease, patient as well as management on the basis of ''prakriti'' and its scientific validation.

#Classification of disease, patient as well as management on the basis of ''prakriti'' and its scientific validation.

=== Future Scope for Research ===

== Future Scope for Research ==

#Searching genetic trait for different ''prakriti'' and disease susceptibility accordingly.

#Searching genetic trait for different ''prakriti'' and disease susceptibility accordingly.

#Standardization of ''Jathragni, Bhutagni'' and ''Dhatvagni''.

#Standardization of ''Jathragni, Bhutagni'' and ''Dhatvagni''.

=== Further reading ===

== Further reading ==

#Kajaria Divya, Tripathi J.S, Tiwari S.K. Clinical Application of Concept of Agni. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2014; 4(1):1-5.

#Kajaria Divya, Tripathi J.S, Tiwari S.K. Clinical Application of Concept of Agni. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2014; 4(1):1-5.

#Huerta-Yepez, S, Baay-Guzman, G. J., Bebenek, I. G., Hernandez-Pando, R, Vega, M. I., Chi, L, Riedl, M, Diaz-Sanchez, D, Kleerup, E, Tashkin, D. P., Gonzalez, F. J., Bonavida, B, Zeidler, M, and Hankinson,O. (2011) Hypoxia Inducible Factor promotes murine allergic airway inflammation and is increased in asthma and rhinitis. Allergy66 (7),909–18.

#Huerta-Yepez, S, Baay-Guzman, G. J., Bebenek, I. G., Hernandez-Pando, R, Vega, M. I., Chi, L, Riedl, M, Diaz-Sanchez, D, Kleerup, E, Tashkin, D. P., Gonzalez, F. J., Bonavida, B, Zeidler, M, and Hankinson,O. (2011) Hypoxia Inducible Factor promotes murine allergic airway inflammation and is increased in asthma and rhinitis. Allergy66 (7),909–18.

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=== Related chapters ===  

== Related chapters ==  

* [[Ashtodariya]]

* [[Ashtodariya]]

* [[Maharoga Adhyaya]]

* [[Maharoga Adhyaya]]

=== References ===

== References ==

<references/>

<references/>

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