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Madatyaya Chikitsa (view source)

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{{#seo:

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|title=Madatyaya Chikitsa

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|titlemode=append

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|keywords=Madya, Madatyaya, Oja, Visha, liquor, intoxication, personified liquor

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|description=Chikitsa Sthana Chapter 24. Management of Madatyaya (Intoxication)

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'''<big>[[Chikitsa Sthana]] Chapter 24. Management of Madatyaya (Intoxication)</big>'''

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=== Sanskrit Text, Transliteration and English Translation ===

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अथातो मदात्ययचिकित्सितं व्याख्यास्यामः ||१||

इति ह स्माह भगवानात्रेयः ||२||

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athātō madātyayacikitsitaṁ vyākhyāsyāmaḥ||1||

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iti ha smAha bhagavAnAtreyaH ||2||

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</div></div>

Now we shall expound the chapter on management of state of intoxication (due to excess consumption of liquor). Thus said Lord Atreya. [1-2]

==== Origin of ''sura'' ====

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सुरैः सुरेशसहितैर्या पुरा [१] परिपूजिता |

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दृश्या स्पृश्या प्रकल्पया च यज्ञीया यज्ञसिद्धये ||५||

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suraiḥ surēśasahitairyā purā [1] paripūjitā|

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dRushyA spRushyA prakalpayA ca yaj~jIyA yaj~jasiddhaye ||5||

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</div></div>

''Sura'', which is admired by the Gods and the kings since ancient era and offered as an oblation in ''Sautramani yagna'' (A special type of ''yagna'' where ''sura'' is indicated as ''havi'' means substance for sacrificing) by Yagnauhi (sages performing sacrifice). By the use of which the depressed Indra after drained energy due to excessive consumption of ''soma'', recovered from the condition; which is a visible, touchable, and applicable instrument of sacrifice conducive to the successful completion as enjoyed by the great sages performing sacrifices as per the prescribed methods in the ''vedas''. [3-5]

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योनिसंस्कारनामाद्यैर्विशेषैर्बहुधा च या |

भूत्वा भवत्येकविधा सामान्यान्मदलक्षणात् ||६||

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yōnisaṁskāranāmādyairviśēṣairbahudhā ca yā|

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bhUtvA bhavatyekavidhA sAmAnyAnmadalakShaNAt ||6||

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</div></div>

It has several varieties depending upon its specific source material, ''sanskara'' (method of preparation), nomenclature, etc; which is at the same time unitary in character on account of the common features of intoxication.[6]

==== Various forms of ''sura'' ====

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या देवानमृतं भूत्वा स्वधा भूत्वा पित्तॄंश्च या |

सोमो भूत्वा द्विजातीन् या युङ्क्ते श्रेयोभिरुत्तमैः ||७||

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yā dēvānamr̥taṁ bhūtvā svadhā bhūtvā pittr̥̄ṁśca yā|

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somo bhUtvA dvijAtIn yA yu~gkte shreyobhiruttamaiH ||7||

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</div></div>

It bestows auspicious par excellence by providing nourishment to the Gods in the form of ambrosia, to the ancestors in the form of ''svadha'' (the term used for offering oblatory to the ancestors), to ''dvijas'' (considered as the twice born) in the form of ''soma''. [7]

==== Importance of ''sura'' ====

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आश्विनं या महत्तेजो बलं सारस्वतं च या |

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रतिः सुरेत्यभिहिता तां सुरां विधिना पिबेत् ||१०||

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āśvinaṁ yā mahattējō balaṁ sārasvataṁ ca yā|

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ratiH suretyabhihitA tAM surAM vidhinA pibet ||10||

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</div></div>

Which represents the great luster of the Ashwins, the prowess of ''mantras'', and the supremacy of Indra, who perfected ''soma'' in the ''sautramani'' sacrifice; which eradicates grief, depression, fear and bewilderment; which itself represents the invincible strength, love, voice, nourishment and peace; and which is called ''sura'' by the Gods, ''gandharvas'' (celestial musicians), ''yaksha, rakshasa'' (devils) and human beings should take appropriately (as per the prescription of the ''shashtras'').[8-10]

==== Procedure of drinking ''madya'' ====

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शरीरकृतसंस्कारः शुचिरुत्तमगन्धवान् |

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प्रदाय सजलं मद्यमर्थिभ्यो वसुधातले ||२०||

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śarīrakr̥tasaṁskāraḥ śuciruttamagandhavān|

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pradAya sajalaM madyamarthibhyo vasudhAtale ||20||

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</div></div>

(Describing the standard directives for drinking) One who after cleansing of the body, purification (of the mind), with fragrance, hygienic apparels and scented as per ''ritu'' (the season), put on garlands, trinkets and ornaments worshiping God and ''brahmanas''; touching the propitious things shall be seated or reclined on well spread cushion as per the own comfort of body; with endowment of the seasonal flowers adored by the friends and filled with the fragrance of incense and shall drink in the vessels made of gold, silver, precious stones or other clean and well maintained vessels served by the beloved females who are proud of their beauty and youthfulness, particularly trained, adorned with the dress, ornaments and garlands according to the season and endowed with sincerity and affection.

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==== Pre-procedures based on ''dosha'' dominant ''prakriti'' ====

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अभ्यङ्गोत्सादनस्नानवासोधूपानुलेपनैः |

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कफपित्ताधिकेभ्यस्तु मार्द्वीकं माधवं च यत् ||२५||

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abhyaṅgōtsādanasnānavāsōdhūpānulēpanaiḥ|

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kaphapittAdhikebhyastu mArdvIkaM mAdhavaM ca yat ||25||

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</div></div>

An individual of ''vata'' dominant ''prakriti'' shall imbibe ''madya'' after ''abhyanga'' (massage), ''utsadana'' (rubbing with herbs), bathing, dressed up, holy incense, ''anulepanam'' (unguent) and unctuous hot food.

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==== Pros and cons of drinking ''madya'' ====

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बहुद्रव्यं बहुगुणं बहुकर्म मदात्मकम् |

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रूक्षव्यायामनित्येन विषवद्याति तस्य तत् ||२८||

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bahudravyaṁ bahuguṇaṁ bahukarma madātmakam|

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rUkShavyAyAmanityena viShavadyAti tasya tat ||28||

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</div></div>

Liquor prepared by multiple ingredients carry multiple qualities and multiple actions, characterized by advantages and disadvantages. It is like ambrosia; for the one who drinks as per the standard guidelines, in optimum quantity, at suitable time, with advisable diet, as per the capacity and with exhilaration. On the contrary, it will be like poison for the one who indulges in excessive drinking any kind of liquor, and who have excess dryness in body and follows excess exertion. [26-28]

==== Properties and effects of ''madya'' on ''oja'' ====

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मद्यं हृदयमाविश्य स्वगुणैरोजसो गुणान् |

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हृदयं याति विकृतिं तत्रस्था ये च धातवः ||३६||

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madyaṁ hr̥dayamāviśya svaguṇairōjasō guṇān|

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hRudayaM yAti vikRutiM tatrasthA ye ca dhAtavaH ||36||

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</div></div>

The ''madya'' (liquor) affects heart by counteracting the ''ojas'' (the vital essence of body ) and its ten qualities with the ten qualities of (the liquor) itself.

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==== Stages of ''mada'' (intoxication) ====

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ओजस्यविहते पूर्वो हृदि च प्रतिबोधिते |

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विकाशिरूक्षविशदा गुणास्तत्र हि नोल्बणाः ||३८||

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ōjasyavihatē pūrvō hr̥di ca pratibōdhitē|

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vikAshirUkShavishadA guNAstatra hi nolbaNAH ||38||

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</div></div>

The early stage of intoxication starts when it spreads up to the heart but ''ojas'' is not disturbed; in the middle stage ''ojas'' gets disturbed and in the later stage there is severe disturbance to the ''ojas''.

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==== Characteristic features of ''mada'' ====

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हृदि मद्यगुणाविष्टे हर्षस्तर्षो रतिः सुखम् |

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स मद्यविभ्रमो नाम्ना ‘मद’ इत्यभिधीयते ||४०||

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hridi madyaguṇāviṣṭē harṣastarṣō ratiḥ sukham|

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sa madyavibhramo nAmnA ‘mada’ ityabhidhIyate ||40||

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</div></div>

The heart overwhelmed with the qualities of liquor exhilaration, delight, thirst, sexual pleasure and other ''rajas, tamas'' disorders leads to the state of infatuation and sleep due to over-drinking. This derailment due to liquor is called as ''mada'' (intoxication). [39-40]

==== Features of different stages of ''mada'' ====

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पीयमानस्य मद्यस्य विज्ञातव्यास्त्रयो मदाः |

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व्यसनित्वादुदर्के च स दुःखं व्याधिमश्नुते ||५१||

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pīyamānasya madyasya vijñātavyāstrayō madāḥ|

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vyasanitvAdudarke ca sa duHkhaM vyAdhimashnute ||51||

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</div></div>

There are three stages of intoxication after consumption of liquor known as first, middle and late stages as described with following symptoms:

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==== Overall effects of ''madya'' ====

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प्रेत्य चेह च यच्छ्रेयः श्रेयो मोक्षे च यत् परम् |

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विषं प्राणहरं तच्च युक्तियुक्तं रसायनम् ||६०||

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prētya cēha ca yacchrēyaḥ śrēyō mōkṣē ca yat param|

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viShaM prANaharaM tacca yuktiyuktaM rasAyanam ||60||

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</div></div>

The credit, in this life and in life after death and utmost credit in salvation depends upon the meditation state of mind of all human beings.

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==== Benefits of ''madya'' ====

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हर्षमूर्जं मुदं पुष्टिमारोग्यं पौरुषं परम् [१] |

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विश्रामो जीवलोकस्य मद्यं युक्त्या निषेवितम् ||६७||

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harṣamūrjaṁ mudaṁ puṣṭimārōgyaṁ pauruṣaṁ param [1] |

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vishrAmo jIvalokasya madyaM yuktyA niShevitam ||67||

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</div></div>

The liquor when consumed sensibly, instantaneously leads to the best of cheerfulness, energy, joy, nourishment, strength. The liquor gives happiness and excitement.

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The liquor use astutely for the relaxation by the people will help those who are inflicted with intense pain and deep sorrow.[61-67]

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अन्नपानवयोव्याधिबलकालत्रिकाणि षट् |

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यथाऽग्निरेवं सत्त्वानां मद्यं प्रकृतिदर्शकम् ||७३||

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annapānavayōvyādhibalakālatrikāṇi ṣaṭ|

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yathA~agnirevaM sattvAnAM madyaM prakRutidarshakam ||73||

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</div></div>

The liquor shall always be consumed with understanding of six triads of the food, drink, age, disease, strength, and time; as well as ''tridosha'' and three psyches (described in earlier chapters).

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==== Behavior of persons of different psyche after consumption of ''madya'' ====

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सुगन्धिमाल्यगन्धर्वं सुप्रणीतममाकुलम् |

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जह्यात्सहायान् यैः पीत्वा मद्यदोषानुपाश्नुते ||७९||

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sugandhimālyagandharvaṁ supraṇītamamākulam|

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jahyAtsahAyAn yaiH pItvA madyadoShAnupAshnute ||79||

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</div></div>

Aromatic flowers, garlands, music, good company, with delicious food and drink, clean and engaged in favorite conversation, with relaxed drinking, joyful, delighted, and contribution to desired intoxication, promoting exhilaration, pleasure, and not indulging third stage of the intoxication is known as ''sattvika'' drinking.

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While drinking, one should know the people following ''sattvika, rajasika'' and ''tamasika'' way of drinking and try to be at distance from such companions due to whom one may suffer by bad effects of liquor consumption.[74-79]

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सुखशीलाः सुसम्भाषाः सुमुखाः सम्मताः सताम् |

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स्वल्पेनापि मदं शीघ्रं यान्ति मद्येन मानवाः ||८७||

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sukhaśīlāḥ susambhāṣāḥ sumukhāḥ sammatāḥ satām|

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svalpenApi madaM shIghraM yAnti madyena mAnavAH ||87||

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</div></div>

Those companions are delightful in drinking who are of fair character, talk reasonably, good in appearance, well recognized, fhave some appreciation for arts, neat, adopting the subject matter, mutually submissive, friendly, enjoying merrily more than a festival upon meeting; with them one feel glad to drink.

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==== Etiology and clinical features of ''vata'' dominant ''madatyaya'' ====

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ऊर्ध्वं मदात्ययस्यातः सम्भवं स्वस्वलक्षणम् |

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विद्याद्बहुप्रलापस्य वातप्रायं मदात्ययम् ||९१||

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ūrdhvaṁ madātyayasyātaḥ sambhavaṁ svasvalakṣaṇam|

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vidyAdbahupralApasya vAtaprAyaM madAtyayam ||91||

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</div></div>

Agnivesha, (I am) consequently describing the etiology, distinct features and the treatment of ''madatyaya'' (the alcoholism).

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==== Etiology and clinical features of ''pitta'' dominant ''madatyaya'' ====

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तीक्ष्णोष्णं मद्यमम्लं च योऽतिमात्रं निषेवते |

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विद्याद्धरितवर्णस्य पित्तप्रायं मदात्ययम् ||९४||

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tīkṣṇōṣṇaṁ madyamamlaṁ ca yō'timātraṁ niṣēvatē|

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vidyAddharitavarNasya pittaprAyaM madAtyayam ||94||

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</div></div>

One who consumes sharply acting, hot and sour liquor in larger quantity while consuming sour, hot and sharp food items in diet and angry in nature, has exposure to the fire and the sun; gets affected with the ''madatyaya'' predominant in ''pitta''. It either gets easily pacified or proves fatal in ''vata'' dominant ''prakriti'' persons.

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==== Etiology and clinical features of ''kapha'' dominant ''madatyaya'' ====

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तरुणं मधुरप्रायं गौडं पैष्टिकमेव वा |

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विद्याच्छीतपरीतस्य कफप्रायं मदात्ययम् ||९७||

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taruṇaṁ madhuraprāyaṁ gauḍaṁ paiṣṭikamēva vā|

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vidyAcchItaparItasya kaphaprAyaM madAtyayam ||97||

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</div></div>

One who consumes freshly (prepared), sweet liquor made up of jaggery or flour in excess quantity, with sweet, unctuous and heavy diet, indulging lack of exercise, day sleep, reclining on bed and sitting in comfort leads to ''kapha'' predominant ''madatyaya'' .

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==== Clinical features of ''sannipataja madatyaya'' ====

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विषस्य ये गुणा दृष्टाः सन्निपातप्रकोपणाः |

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दृश्यते रूपवैशेष्यात् पृथक्त्वं चास्य [१] लक्ष्यते ||१००||

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viṣasya yē guṇā dr̥ṣṭāḥ sannipātaprakōpaṇāḥ|

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dRushyate rUpavaisheShyAt pRuthaktvaM cAsya [1] lakShyate ||100||

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</div></div>

The properties vitiating ''tridosha'' as observed in poisons are also observed in the liquor, which are more potent in the former. Some poisons are fatal with immediate effect, while other causes certain diseases. The last stage of intoxication shall be considered as the poisonous state. Therefore, symptoms of ''tridosha'' (vitiation) are observed in all types of alcoholism, the difference among them is identity by their specific features.[98-100]

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शरीरदुःखं बलवत् सम्मोहो [१] हृदयव्यथा |

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मदात्ययस्य रूपाणि सर्वाण्येतानि लक्षयेत् ||१०६||

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śarīraduḥkhaṁ balavat sammōhō [1] hr̥dayavyathā|

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madAtyayasya rUpANi sarvANyetAni lakShayet ||106||

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</div></div>

Major physical distress, confusion, cardiac pain, anorexia, persistent thirst, fever, characterized by immense headache, pain in flanks, arthralgia, and joint pain along with yawning, throbbing, tremors , exhaustion, chest congestion, coughing, hiccups, breathlessness, sleeplessness, trembling, disorders of ear, eye, mouth; sacral stiffness, vomiting, diarrhea, nausea, with symptoms of ''vata, pitta, kapha'', giddiness, delirium, hallucinations; self covered by grass, ash, creeper, leaves, and dust; with perverted mind feels assaulted by birds, visualizing fear and inauspicious dreams; are the general symptoms of ''madatyaya''.[101-106]

==== Management of ''madatyaya'' ====

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सर्वं मदात्ययं विद्यात् त्रिदोषमधिकं तु यम् |

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मातुलुङ्गार्द्रकोपेतं जलयुक्तं प्रमाणवित् [१] ||१११||

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sarvaṁ madātyayaṁ vidyāt tridōṣamadhikaṁ tu yam|

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mAtulu~ggArdrakopetaM jalayuktaM pramANavit [1] ||111||

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</div></div>

''Madatyaya'', of all types are ''tridoshaja''. Therefore, the ''dosha'' observed predominantly affected shall be treated initially.

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==== Treatment of acute ''madatyaya'' ====

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तीक्षोष्णेनातिमात्रेण पीतेनाम्लविदाहिना |

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सर्वेषां मद्यमम्लानामुपर्युपरि तिष्ठति ||११६||

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tīkṣōṣṇēnātimātrēṇa pītēnāmlavidāhinā|

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sarveShAM madyamamlAnAmuparyupari tiShThati ||116||

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</div></div>

When sharply acting, hot, sour and liquor that cause burning sensation is consumed in excess quantity, the excited chyle is burnt and becomes alkaline in nature. It leads to the internal burning sensation, fever, thirst, confusions, giddiness and narcosis. To pacify these symptoms, intake of liquor is only advisable.

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==== Management of ''vata'' dominant ''madatyaya'' ====

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मद्योत्क्लिष्टेन दोषेण रुद्धः [१] स्रोतःसु मारुतः |

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मारुतप्रबलः शीघ्रं प्रशाम्यति मदात्ययः ||१३५||

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madyōtkliṣṭēna dōṣēṇa ruddhaḥ [1] srōtaḥsu mārutaḥ|

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mArutaprabalaH shIghraM prashAmyati madAtyayaH ||135||

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</div></div>

''Vata'' obstructed in ''strotas'' due to ''dosha'' vitiated by liquor causes intense pain in head, bones and joints. In such condition for dissolving ''dosha'', specific liquor should be administered since it has quality of quick absorption, sharpness and hot in spite of other remedial measure.

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==== Management of ''pitta'' dominant ''madatyaya'' ====

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भव्यखर्जूरमृद्वीकापरूषकरसैर्युतम् [१] |

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धीमतो वैद्यवश्यस्य शीघ्रं पित्तमदात्ययः |१६४|

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bhavyakharjūramr̥dvīkāparūṣakarasairyutam [1] |

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dhImato vaidyavashyasya shIghraM pittamadAtyayaH |164|

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</div></div>

In ''paitta'' dominant ''madatyaya'', cool, well suitable liquor prepared of ''sharkara, mridvika'' (dried grapes) added with sugar and juice of cassia fistula, dates, grapes, ''parushaka'' or pomegranate and mixed with parched grain flour shall be administered.

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==== Management of ''kapha'' dominant ''madatyaya'' ====

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उल्लेखनोपवासाभ्यां जयेत् कफमदात्ययम् ||१६४||

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मदात्ययः कफप्रायः शीघ्रमेवोपशाम्यति ||१८८||

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ullēkhanōpavāsābhyāṁ jayēt kaphamadātyayam||164||

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madAtyayaH kaphaprAyaH shIghramevopashAmyati ||188||

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</div></div>

Therapeutic emesis and fasting can successfully treat ''kaphaja'' alcoholism.

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==== Management of ''sannipata'' ====

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यदिदं कर्म निर्दिष्टं पृथग्दोषबलं प्रति |

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स साध्यान्साधयेद्व्याधीन् साध्यासाध्यविभागवित् ||१९०||

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yadidaṁ karma nirdiṣṭaṁ pr̥thagdōṣabalaṁ prati|

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sa sAdhyAnsAdhayedvyAdhIn sAdhyAsAdhyavibhAgavit ||190||

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</div></div>

This regimen is described here according to individual ''dosha'' severity. The same with permutation and combinations can be applied by physician in ten types of ''sannipata''( mixed variety of ''dosha'' aggravation).

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==== ''Harshana chikitsa'' (Exhileration treatment) ====

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वनानि रमणीयानि सपद्माः सलिलाशयाः |

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कुर्यान्मदात्ययं तस्मादेष्टव्या हर्षणी क्रिया ||१९४||

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vanāni ramaṇīyāni sapadmāḥ salilāśayāḥ|

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kuryAnmadAtyayaM tasmAdeShTavyA harShaNI kriyA ||194||

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</div></div>

Beautiful gardens, ponds with lotus flowers, good food and drinks, pleasing companion, garlands, perfumes, clean clothing, melodious music, amusing gathering, liberal anecdotes, laughter, singing and beloved submissive women pacify ''madatyaya''.

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==== Treatment of ''madatyaya'' with milk ====

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आभिः क्रियाभिः सिद्धाभिः शमं याति मदात्ययः |

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क्षीरप्रयोगं मद्यं च क्रमेणाल्पाल्पमाचरेत् ||१९८||

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ābhiḥ kriyābhiḥ siddhābhiḥ śamaṁ yāti madātyayaḥ|

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kShIraprayogaM madyaM ca krameNAlpAlpamAcaret ||198||

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</div></div>

In case ''madatyaya'' does not get pacified with these explained regimens in methods of liquor consumption, milk shall be prescribed.

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==== ''Dwansaka'' and ''Vikshaya'' diseases due to ''madatyaya'' ====

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विच्छिन्नमद्यः सहसा योऽतिमद्यं निषेवते |

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युक्तमद्यस्य मद्योत्थो न व्याधिरुपजायते ||२०५||

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vicchinnamadyaḥ sahasā yō'timadyaṁ niṣēvatē|

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yuktamadyasya madyottho na vyAdhirupajAyate ||205||

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</div></div>

The one who starts consumption of the liquor in excess quantity after stopping, suffers from the diseases called as ''dhwansaka'' and ''vikshaya''. These can be treated with difficulty in debilitated person. Now its symptoms and the treatment will be described.

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==== Prevention of diseases ====

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निवृत्तः सर्वमद्येभ्यो नरो यश्च जितेन्द्रियः |

शारीरमानसैर्धीमान् विकारैर्न स युज्यते ||२०६||

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nivr̥ttaḥ sarvamadyēbhyō narō yaśca jitēndriyaḥ|

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shArIramAnasairdhImAn vikArairna sa yujyate ||206||

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</div></div>

Diseases of body and mind do not occur in the person who wisely stays away from all liquors, who has controlled all his senses. [206]

==== Summary ====

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तत्र श्लोकाः-

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सर्वं तदुक्तमखिलं मदात्ययचिकित्सिते ||२११||

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tatra ślōkāḥ-

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sarvaM taduktamakhilaM madAtyayacikitsite ||211||

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</div></div>

In this chapter on the diagnosis and treatment of alcoholism, the following topics are expounded at length:

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#The type of liquor and the manner in which the liquor cures the intoxication

#Line of treatments for drunkenness and intoxication at various levels. [207-211]

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इत्यग्निवेशकृते तन्त्रे चरकप्रतिसंस्कृते चिकित्सास्थाने

मदात्ययचिकित्सितं नाम चतुर्विंशोऽध्यायः ||२४||

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ityagnivēśakr̥tē tantrē carakapratisaṁskr̥tē cikitsāsthānē

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madAtyayacikitsitaM nAma caturviMsho~adhyAyaH ||24||

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</div></div>

This concludes the 24th chapter named as ''madatyaya'', written by Agnivesha and commented by Charak.[24]

Agnivesha

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