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Santarpaniya Adhyaya (view source)

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{{#seo:

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|title=Santarpaniya Adhyaya

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|titlemode=append

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|keywords=santarpana (over-nutrition), apatarpana (under-nutrition), management of over-nutrition induced disorders, nutrition deficiency disorders

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|description=Sutra Sthana Chapter 23. Over-nutrition, under-nutrition and its disorders

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<big>'''Sutra Sthana Chapter 23. Over-nutrition, under-nutrition and its disorders '''</big>

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</div>

===Sanskrit text, Transliteration and English Translation===

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अथातः सन्तर्पणीयमध्यायं व्याख्यास्यामः||१||

इति ह स्माह भगवानात्रेयः||२||

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athātaḥ santarpaṇīyamadhyāyaṁ vyākhyāsyāmaḥ||1||

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iti ha smAha bhagavAnAtreyaH||2||

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</div></div>

Lord Atreya said, “Now we will discuss in detail the chapter about santarpana.” [1-2]

==== Causes of ''santarpana'' induced diseases ====

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सन्तर्पयति यः स्निग्धैर्मधुरैर्गुरुपिच्छिलैः|

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रोगास्तस्योपजायन्ते सन्तर्पणनिमित्तजाः|५|

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santarpayati yaḥ snigdhairmadhurairgurupicchilaiḥ|

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rogAstasyopajAyante santarpaNanimittajAH|5|

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</div></div>

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Excessive consumption of unctuous, sweet, heavy to digest and slimy food, new grains (especially new rice), new wine, flesh of animals living in marshy area or born in water, cow’s milk and its products, and those prepared with sugar or molasses, varieties of cakes lead to ''santarpana''. Those who indulge in sedentary, inactive lifestyles and sleep during the day are prone to ''santarpaniya vyadhis'' (i.e. ''santarpana'' induced diseases). [3-4]

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==== List of ''santarpana'' induced diseases ====

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प्रमेहपिडकाकोठकण्डूपाण्ड्वामयज्वराः||५||

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शोफाश्चैवंविधाश्चान्ये शीघ्रमप्रतिकुर्वतः||७||

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pramēhapiḍakākōṭhakaṇḍūpāṇḍvāmayajvarāḥ||5||

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shophAshcaivaMvidhAshcAnye shIghramapratikurvataH||7||

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</div></div>

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Due to above mentioned causative factors, if the effects of ''santarpana'' are not treated properly, one suffers from various diseases such as obstinate urinary disorders including diabetes, carbuncles, urticaria, itching, ''pandu'' (anaemia), ''amaja'' diseases (i.e., due to formation of ''ama''), ''jwara,'' obstinate skin diseases, diseases secondary to vitiation of ''ama'', dysuria, anorexia or appetite related complaints, ''tandra'' (drowsiness/sleepiness), ''klaibya'' (erectile and sexual dysfunctions), obesity, laziness, heaviness of the body, adhesion or blockages in the channels as well as sense organs, delusion, various types of edema, and such of other diseases. [5-7]

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==== Management of ''santarpana''-induced diseases ====

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शस्तमुल्लेखनं तत्र विरेको रक्तमोक्षणम्|

व्यायामश्चोपवासश्च धूमाश्च स्वेदनानि च||८||

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śastamullēkhanaṁ tatra virēkō raktamōkṣaṇam|

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vyAyAmashcopavAsashca dhUmAshca svedanAni ca||8||

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</div></div>

''Santarpaniya vyadhis'' and their complications should be managed by ''ullekhana'' (therapeutic emesis), ''virechana'' (therapeutic purgation), ''raktamokshana'' (blood-letting), specific exercises, therapeutic fasting, ''dhooma'' (hot fomentation with smoke of medicinal plants), and ''swedana'' (sudation). [8]

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सक्षौद्रश्चाभयाप्राशः प्रायो रूक्षान्नसेवनम्|

चूर्णप्रदेहा ये चोक्ताः कण्डूकोठविनाशनाः||९||

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sakṣaudraścābhayāprāśaḥ prāyō rūkṣānnasēvanam|

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cUrNapradehA ye coktAH kaNDUkoThavinAshanAH||9||

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</div></div>

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Formulations made up of ''haritaki'' (Terminalia Chebula), such as ''agastyaharitaki'' mixed with honey, habituating with ''ruksha'' food (i.e., without using unctuous substances like oil, ghee etc.), those powders and poultice described in treatment of pruritus and urticaria (mentioned in the third chapter of this section) are advised. [9]

</div>

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त्रिफलारग्वधं पाठां सप्तपर्णं सवत्सकम्|

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मात्राकालप्रयुक्तेन सन्तर्पणसमुत्थिताः||११||

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triphalāragvadhaṁ pāṭhāṁ saptaparṇaṁ savatsakam|

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mAtrAkAlaprayuktena santarpaNasamutthitAH||11||

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</div></div>

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The decoction of ''triphala'' (amalaki (Emblica officinalis), ''bibhitaki'' (Terminalia bellirica), and ''haritaki'' (Terminalia chebula)), ''aragvadha'' (Cassia fistula), ''patha'' (Cissampelos pareira), ''saptaparna'' (Alstonia scholaris), ''vatsaka'' (Holarrhena antidysenterica), ''musta'' (Cyperus rotundus), ''madana'' (Randia dumetorum) and ''nimba'' (Azadirachta indica), mixed together and boiled in water, is advised for consumption regularly. By regular use of this decoction, in the right dose and at the right time, ''santarpaniya vyadhi'' like ''madhumeha'' and other diseases can be controlled properly. [10-11]

</div>

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मुस्तमारग्वधः पाठा त्रिफला देवदारु च|

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त्वग्दोषाः प्रशमं यान्ति तथा स्नेहोपसंहितैः||१४||

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mustamāragvadhaḥ pāṭhā triphalā dēvadāru ca|

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tvagdoShAH prashamaM yAnti tathA snehopasaMhitaiH||14||

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</div></div>

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All ''santarpaniya'' diseases can be cured, if the juices (decoction) of ''musta, aaragvadha, paatha, triphala, devadaru'' (Cedrus deodara), ''shvadamshtra'' (Trinbulus terrestris), ''khadira'' (Acacia catechu Wild), ''nimba, haridra'' (Curcuma longa), ''daruharidra'' (Berberis aristata) and the bark of ''vatsaka'' (Holarrhena anti-dysenterica) are consumed every morning (depending upon the dominant ''dosha'' in the disease).

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If the above herbs are used in a powdered form for ''udvartana'' with or without massage or the decoction of the above herbs are used for medicinal bath or if the oil made up of above drugs is used for body application it relieves all the skin disorders caused due to ''santarpaniya vyadhis''.[12-14]

</div>

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कुष्ठं गोमेदको हिङ्गु क्रौञ्चास्थि त्र्यूषणं वचा|

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मूत्रकृच्छ्रं प्रमेहं च पीतमेतद्व्यपोहति||१६||

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kuṣṭhaṁ gōmēdakō hiṅgu krauñcāsthi tryūṣaṇaṁ vacā|

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mUtrakRucchraM pramehaM ca pItametadvyapohati||16||

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</div></div>

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''Kustha'' (Saussurea lappa), ''gomedaka'' (onyx), ''hingu'' (Ferula narthex), bones of the ''krauncha'' bird (Ardea Jaculator, demoiselle crane), ''sunthi'' (Zingiber officinalis), ''pippali'' (Piper longum), ''maricha'' (Piper nigrum), ''vacha'' (Acorus calamus), ''vasa'' (Adhatoda vasica Nees), ''ela'' (Elettaria cardamoum), ''gokshura'' (Tribulus terrestris), ''kharahva'' (Trachyspermum roxburghianum), and ''ashmabheda'' (Bergenia ligulata – crushed and mixed with buttermilk, whey and the juice of a sour variant of ''badara'' (Zizyphus jujuba) are used to treat ''mutrakruchchra'' (dysuria) and ''prameha'' (obstinate urinary disorders including diabetes mellitus characterized by excess frequency of micturition). [15-16]

</div>

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तक्राभयाप्रयोगैश्च त्रिफलायास्तथैव च|

अरिष्टानां प्रयोगैश्च यान्ति मेहादयः शमम्||१७||

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takrābhayāprayōgaiśca triphalāyāstathaiva ca|

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ariShTAnAM prayogaishca yAnti mehAdayaH shamam||17||

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</div></div>

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''Haritaki'' (Terminalia chebula) with butter milk, ''triphala'' (Terminalia chebula, Terminalia belerica Roxb. And Emblica officinalis Gaertn.) and ''arishta'' (different types of medicinal alcoholic preparations) are prescribed for the treatment of obstinate urinary disorders including diabetes mellitus and such other diseases. [17]

</div>

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त्र्यूषणं त्रिफला क्षौद्रं क्रिमिघ्नमजमोदकः|

मन्थोऽयं सक्तवस्तैलं हितो लोहोदकाप्लुतः||१८||

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tryūṣaṇaṁ triphalā kṣaudraṁ krimighnamajamōdakaḥ|

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mantho~ayaM saktavastailaM hito lohodakAplutaH||18||

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</div></div>

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''Mantha'' (thin gruel) prepared of ''trikatu'' (Zingiber officinale, Piper longum, and Piper nigrum), ''triphala'' (Terminalia chebula, Terminalia belerica Roxb., and Emblica officinalis Gaertn.), honey, ''vidanga'' (Embelia ribes Burm f.), ''ajamoda'' (Trachy-spermum roxburghianum), roasted wheat flour or coarse ground meal, oil and the decoction of ''agaru'' (Aquilari agallocha Roxb.) help to cure the diseases due to over-nourishment. [18]

</div>

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व्योषं विडङ्गं शिग्रूणि त्रिफलां कटुरोहिणीम्|

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सक्तूनां षोडशगुणो भागः सन्तर्पणं पिबेत्||२१||

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vyōṣaṁ viḍaṅgaṁ śigrūṇi triphalāṁ kaṭurōhiṇīm|

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saktUnAM ShoDashaguNo bhAgaH santarpaNaM pibet||21||

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</div></div>

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''Trikatu'' (Zingiber officianel,Piper langum and Piper nigrum), ''vidanga'' (Embelia ribes), varieties of ''shigru'' (Moringa olefera), ''triphala'', ''katurohini'' (Picrorhiza kurroa), ''brihati'' (Solanum indicum), ''kantakari'' (Solanum xanthocarpum), ''haridra'' (Curcuma longa), ''daaruharidra'' (Berberis aristata D.C.), two varieties of ''patha'' (Cissampelos pareira), ''ativisha'' (Aconitum heterophyllum), ''shalaparni'' (Desmodium gangeticum), ''hingu'' (Ferula narthex), root of ''kebuka'' (Costus speciosus), ''yavani'' (Trachyspermum ammi), ''dhanya'' (Coriandrum sativum), ''citraka'' (Plumbago Zeylanica), ''sonchal'' salt, ''ajaji'' (Cuminum cyminum), and ''hapusha'' (Juniperus communis) – all the above herbs powdered and mixed with equal quantities of oil, ghee and honey, added with sixteen times its volume of ''sattu'' (roasted corn flour) and water are used to prepare a formulation for indications (mentioned in the following verse.) [19-21]

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==== Indications ====

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प्रयोगादस्य शाम्यन्ति रोगाः सन्तर्पणोत्थिताः|

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नराणां दीप्यते चाग्निः स्मृतिर्बुद्धिश्च वर्धते||२४||

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prayōgādasya śāmyanti rōgāḥ santarpaṇōtthitāḥ|

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narANAM dIpyate cAgniH smRutirbuddhishca vardhate||24||

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</div></div>

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The above preparation is useful in the treatment of obstinate urinary disorders including diabetes mellitus, ''mudhavata'' (sluggishness of the bowels), obstinate skin diseases including leprosy, piles, jaundice-like hepatobiliary diseases, diseases of the spleen, anemia-like hematological disorders, edema, dysuria, anorexia, heart disease, tuberculosis-like immune-compromised conditions, cough, respiratory disorders, spasmodic obstruction of the throat, parasitic infestation, ''grahani'' (digestive disorders), vitiligo and morbid obesity caused by overnutrition. This also stimulates the power of digestion and enhances memory and intellect. [22-24]

</div>

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व्यायामनित्यो जीर्णाशी यवगोधूमभोजनः|

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उक्तं सन्तर्पणोत्थानामपतर्पणमौषधम्|२६|

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vyāyāmanityō jīrṇāśī yavagōdhūmabhōjanaḥ|

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uktaM santarpaNotthAnAmapatarpaNamauShadham|26|

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</div></div>

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Regular exercise, intake of food only after complete digestion of the previous meal, and regular consumption of barley and wheat are some of the ways for management of obesity and diseases due to overnutrition. In the next verses, formulations and regimen required for the management of malnourishment has been described. [25-26]

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==== Diseases due to ''apatarpana''(under-nutrition) and their treatment ====

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वक्ष्यन्ते सौषधाश्चोर्ध्वमपतर्पणजा गदाः||२६||

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ऊर्ध्ववातादयः सर्वे जायन्ते तेऽपतर्पणात्||२९||

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vakṣyantē sauṣadhāścōrdhvamapatarpaṇajā gadāḥ||26||

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UrdhvavAtAdayaH sarve jAyante te~apatarpaNAt||29||

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</div></div>

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Emaciation of the body, reduction in the power of digestion, strength, complexion, ''ojas'' (vital essence of body related with immunity and general strength), semen and muscle tissue, ''jwara'' (continuous fever and cough like condition), pain in chest and flanks, anorexia, weakness in the power of hearing sounds, psychosis, delirium, pain in cardiac region, accumulation of stool and urine, pain in calf, thigh and lumber regions, cracking pain in fingers, bones and joints, and such other diseases due to the vitiation of ''vata'' (such as ''urdhava'' ''vata'' upward movement of ''vata''), etc. are caused due to improper nutrition and starvation. [27- 29]

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==== Management of diseases due to undernutrition====

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तेषां सन्तर्पणं तज्ज्ञैः पुनराख्यातमौषधम्|

यत्तदात्वे समर्थं स्यादभ्यासे वा तदिष्यते ||३०||

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tēṣāṁ santarpaṇaṁ tajjñaiḥ punarākhyātamauṣadham|

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yattadAtve samarthaM syAdabhyAse vA tadiShyate ||30||

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</div></div>

For the treatment of such ailments, therapies that nourish instantly need to be administered regularly and for a long period of time. [30]

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सद्यःक्षीणो हि सद्यो वै तर्पणेनोपचीयते|

नर्ते सन्तर्पणाभ्यासाच्चिरक्षीणस्तु पुष्यति||३१||

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sadyaḥkṣīṇō hi sadyō vai tarpaṇēnōpacīyatē|

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narte santarpaNAbhyAsAccirakShINastu puShyati||31||

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</div></div>

A person suffering from acute and drastic weight-loss should be treated with a regimen that nourishes instantly, but one suffering from a chronic type of emaciation requires long term consumption of nourishments. [31]

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देहाग्निदोषभैषज्यमात्राकालानुवर्तिना|

कार्यमत्वरमाणेन भेषजं चिरदुर्बले||३२||

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dēhāgnidōṣabhaiṣajyamātrākālānuvartinā|

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kAryamatvaramANena bheShajaM ciradurbale||32||

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</div></div>

Some of the critical factors for deciding a course of treatment of emaciation in chronic patients include: body constitution, power of digestion, predominant ''doshas'', form of medicine, dose, and season and time of administration (of the therapy). [32]

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हिता मांसरसास्तस्मै पयांसि च घृतानि च|

स्नानानि बस्तयोऽभ्यङ्गास्तर्पणास्तर्पणाश्च ये||३३||

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hitā māṁsarasāstasmai payāṁsi ca ghr̥tāni ca|

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snAnAni bastayo~abhya~ggAstarpaNAstarpaNAshca ye||33||

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</div></div>

For this purpose, (of ''santarpana''), soups made out of flesh, milk, various ghee preparations (clarified butter), along with activities such as bath, oil massage, and medicated enema (processed with ''santarpana'' medicines) are advocated for nourishment. [33]

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ज्वरकासप्रसक्तानां कृशानां मूत्रकृच्छ्रिणाम्|

तृष्यतामूर्ध्ववातानां वक्ष्यन्ते तर्पणा हिताः||३४||

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jvarakāsaprasaktānāṁ kr̥śānāṁ mūtrakr̥cchriṇām|

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tRuShyatAmUrdhvavAtAnAM vakShyante tarpaNA hitAH||34||

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</div></div>

For these patients suffering from continuous ''jwara'' (fever like conditions), cough, emaciation, dysuria, thirst and upward movement of ''vata'', the following nourishing drinks are prescribed. [34]

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शर्करापिप्पलीतैलघृतक्षौद्रैः समांशकैः|

सक्तुद्विगुणितो वृष्यस्तेषां मन्थः प्रशस्यते||३५||

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śarkarāpippalītailaghr̥takṣaudraiḥ samāṁśakaiḥ|

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saktudviguNito vRuShyasteShAM manthaH prashasyate||35||

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</div></div>

''Mantha'' (thin gruel) prepared from sugar, ''pippali'' (Pipper longum), oil, ghee, and honey - in equal quantities added with double the quantity of ''saktu'' (roasted corn flour) is considered an aphrodisiac and is useful in such conditions (as mentioned in above verse). [35]

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सक्तवो मदिरा क्षौद्रं शर्करा चेति तर्पणम्|

पिबेन्मारुतविण्मूत्रकफपित्तानुलोमनम्||३६||

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saktavō madirā kṣaudraṁ śarkarā cēti tarpaṇam|

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pibenmArutaviNmUtrakaphapittAnulomanam||36||

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</div></div>

''Saktu'' (roasted corn flour/ coarse ground meal) with ''madira'' (wine), honey and sugar are refreshing and shall be consumed for the elimination of flatus (obstructed ''vata''), faeces, urine, ''kapha'' and ''pitta''. [36]

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फाणितं सक्तवः सर्पिर्दधिमण्डोऽम्लकाञ्जिकम्|

तर्पणं मूत्रकृच्छ्रघ्नमुदावर्तहरं पिबेत्||३७||

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phāṇitaṁ saktavaḥ sarpirdadhimaṇḍō'mlakāñjikam|

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tarpaNaM mUtrakRucchraghnamudAvartaharaM pibet||37||

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</div></div>

A nourishing drink prepared of ''phanita'' (inspissated juice of the sugar cane and other plants), ''saktu'' (coarse ground meal/ roased corn flour), ghee, whey, and sour gruel nourishes and should be consumed for the treatment of dysuria and ''udavarta''. [37]

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मन्थः खर्जूरमृद्वीकावृक्षाम्लाम्लीकदाडिमैः|

परूषकैः सामलकैर्युक्तो मद्यविकारनुत्||३८||

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manthaḥ kharjūramr̥dvīkāvr̥kṣāmlāmlīkadāḍimaiḥ|

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parUShakaiH sAmalakairyukto madyavikAranut||38||

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</div></div>

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''Mantha'' (thin guel) prepared from date-palm, dry grapes, ''vrikshamla'' (Garcinia indica Ehois), ''amlika'' (Tamarindus indica), ''dadima'' (Punica granatum), ''parushaka'' (Crewia asiatica), and ''amalaki'' (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.), are useful for management of disorders caused due to excess consumption of alcohol. [38]

</div>

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स्वादुरम्लो जलकृतः सस्नेहो रूक्ष एव वा|

सद्यः सन्तर्पणो मन्थः स्थैर्यवर्णबलप्रदः||३९||

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svāduramlō jalakr̥taḥ sasnēhō rūkṣa ēva vā|

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sadyaH santarpaNo manthaH sthairyavarNabalapradaH||39||

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</div></div>

Sweet and sour ''mantha'' prepared from water with or without unctuous substances refreshes instantly and gives stability, good complexion and strength. [39]

==== Summary ====

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तत्र श्लोकः-

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सन्तर्पणीये तेऽध्याये सौषधाः परिकीर्तिताः||४०||

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tatra ślōkaḥ-

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santarpaNIye te~adhyAye sauShadhAH parikIrtitAH||40||

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</div></div>

Diseases caused due to overnutrition and undernutrition, along with their treatment, have been described in this chapter. [40]

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