Changes

==== Chapter authority ====

==== Chapter authority ====

It is the pattern of this classic that in the beginning of every chapter, Charaka proposes the topic which is to be discussed and secondly the common sentence for all the chapter (इति ह स्माह भगवानात्रेयः) is used which shows the authenticity of the text. There are number of discourses in medical science and it is not possible for all to discuss them completely and meticulously that’s why Agnivesha declares very honestly in the beginning of all the chapters that whatever has been discussed is as per the preaching of his teacher Lord Punarvasu Atreya. The title ''Bhagavana'' (lord) itself reveals that Punarvasu Atreya was an extraordinary personality who could completely discuss the medical science without any mistake and lacunae<ref>Agnivesha, Charaka-Samhita, with the “Ayurveda-Dipika” commentary by Chakrapanidatta and Edited by Vaidya Yadavji Trikamji Acharya, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi (India), reprint edition-2000, Page No-1-4 </ref>.

It is the pattern of this classic that in the beginning of every chapter, Charaka proposes the topic which is to be discussed and secondly the common sentence for all the chapter (इति ह स्माह भगवानात्रेयः) is used which shows the authenticity of the text. There are number of discourses in medical science and it is not possible for all to discuss them completely and meticulously that’s why Agnivesha declares very honestly in the beginning of all the chapters that whatever has been discussed is as per the preaching of his teacher Lord Punarvasu Atreya. The title ''Bhagavana'' (lord) itself reveals that Punarvasu Atreya was an extraordinary personality who could completely discuss the medical science without any mistake and lacunae<ref>Agnivesha, Charaka-Samhita, with the “[[Ayurveda]]-Dipika” commentary by Chakrapanidatta and Edited by Vaidya Yadavji Trikamji Acharya, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi (India), reprint edition-2000, Page No-1-4 </ref>.

==== Success of treatment ====

==== Success of treatment ====

''Chikitsa'' is indicated in curable disease <ref>Agnivesha, Charaka-Samhita, with the “Ayurveda-Dipika” commentary by Chakrapanidatta and Edited by Vaidya Yadavji Trikamji Acharya, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi (India), reprint edition-2000, Page No-17.</ref> and another important concept of Ayurveda in this regard is that ''chatushpada upapatti'' (desired qualities of four limbs of treatment) are one of the important cause in the success of treatment<ref>Agnivesha, Charaka-Samhita, with the “Ayurveda-Dipika” commentary by Chakrapanidatta and Edited by Vaidya Yadavji Trikamji Acharya, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi (India), reprint edition-2000, Page No-66.</ref>. In the above mentioned verses the desired qualities of patients are lacking and patient is one of the important components among ''chatushpada''. In such situations chances of complications are also high.<ref>Agnivesha, Charaka-Samhita, with the “Ayurveda-Dipika” commentary by Chakrapanidatta and Edited by Vaidya Yadavji Trikamji Acharya, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi (India), reprint edition-2000, Page No.-687</ref>

''Chikitsa'' is indicated in curable disease <ref>Agnivesha, Charaka-Samhita, with the “[[Ayurveda]]-Dipika” commentary by Chakrapanidatta and Edited by Vaidya Yadavji Trikamji Acharya, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi (India), reprint edition-2000, Page No-17.</ref> and another important concept of [[Ayurveda]] in this regard is that ''chatushpada upapatti'' (desired qualities of four limbs of treatment) are one of the important cause in the success of treatment<ref>Agnivesha, Charaka-Samhita, with the “[[Ayurveda]]-Dipika” commentary by Chakrapanidatta and Edited by Vaidya Yadavji Trikamji Acharya, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi (India), reprint edition-2000, Page No-66.</ref>. In the above mentioned verses the desired qualities of patients are lacking and patient is one of the important components among ''chatushpada''. In such situations chances of complications are also high.<ref>Agnivesha, Charaka-Samhita, with the “[[Ayurveda]]-Dipika” commentary by Chakrapanidatta and Edited by Vaidya Yadavji Trikamji Acharya, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi (India), reprint edition-2000, Page No.-687</ref>

==== Contraindications of ''vamana'' ====

==== Contraindications of ''vamana'' ====

The above mentioned contra-indications are as per general rule but in specific conditions exceptions are also found such as generally ''vamana'' is contra-indicated in ''gulma roga'' but when ''kapha'' is increased and causing diminution of digestive fire, anorexia, nausea etc. in ''vatika gulma'', ''vamana'' is indicated exceptionally.<ref>Agnivesha, Charaka-Samhita, with the “Ayurveda-Dipika” commentary by Chakrapanidatta and Edited by Vaidya Yadavji Trikamji Acharya, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi (India), reprint edition-2000, Page No.-437 </ref>. Similarly ''vamana'' is advised in vomiting and heart disease according to condition <ref>Agnivesha, Charaka-Samhita, with the “Ayurveda-Dipika” commentary by Chakrapanidatta and Edited by Vaidya Yadavji Trikamji Acharya, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi (India), reprint edition-2000, Page No.- 690</ref> which is the exception of the general instruction. In all the above mentioned states of contra-indications, ''vamana'' is not contra-indicated in the conditions of poisons, artificial poisons, incompatible food, intake of food during indigestion and ''ama'' (ailment caused by the product of improper digestion and metabolism) because these conditions are of emergent nature. <ref>Agnivesha, Charaka-Samhita, with the “Ayurveda-Dipika” commentary by Chakrapanidatta and Edited by Vaidya Yadavji Trikamji Acharya, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi (India), reprint edition-2000, Page No.- 687</ref>

The above mentioned contra-indications are as per general rule but in specific conditions exceptions are also found such as generally ''vamana'' is contra-indicated in ''gulma roga'' but when ''kapha'' is increased and causing diminution of digestive fire, anorexia, nausea etc. in ''vatika gulma'', ''vamana'' is indicated exceptionally.<ref>Agnivesha, Charaka-Samhita, with the “[[Ayurveda]]-Dipika” commentary by Chakrapanidatta and Edited by Vaidya Yadavji Trikamji Acharya, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi (India), reprint edition-2000, Page No.-437 </ref>. Similarly ''vamana'' is advised in vomiting and heart disease according to condition <ref>Agnivesha, Charaka-Samhita, with the “[[Ayurveda]]-Dipika” commentary by Chakrapanidatta and Edited by Vaidya Yadavji Trikamji Acharya, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi (India), reprint edition-2000, Page No.- 690</ref> which is the exception of the general instruction. In all the above mentioned states of contra-indications, ''vamana'' is not contra-indicated in the conditions of poisons, artificial poisons, incompatible food, intake of food during indigestion and ''ama'' (ailment caused by the product of improper digestion and metabolism) because these conditions are of emergent nature. <ref>Agnivesha, Charaka-Samhita, with the “[[Ayurveda]]-Dipika” commentary by Chakrapanidatta and Edited by Vaidya Yadavji Trikamji Acharya, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi (India), reprint edition-2000, Page No.- 687</ref>

==== Indications of ''vamana'' ====

==== Indications of ''vamana'' ====

''Vamana karma'' is mainly indicated in the diseases caused by ''kapha dosha'' reason being it is considered the best therapy among all causing elimination of ''kapha dosha''.<ref>Agnivesha, Charaka-Samhita, with the “Ayurveda-Dipika”  commentary by Chakrapanidatta and Edited by Vaidya Yadavji Trikamji Acharya, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi (India), reprint edition-2000, Page No.-131</ref><ref>Vriddha Vagbhata, Ashtanga-Sangraha with “Shashilekha” commentary by Indu, Edited by Dr. Shivprasad Sharma, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Series Office, Varanasi (India), 2nd edition-2008, Page No.-9</ref><ref>Vagbhata, Ashtanga-Hridaya, with the commentaries “Sarvangasundara” of Arunadatta  

''Vamana karma'' is mainly indicated in the diseases caused by ''kapha dosha'' reason being it is considered the best therapy among all causing elimination of ''kapha dosha''.<ref>Agnivesha, Charaka-Samhita, with the “[[Ayurveda]]-Dipika”  commentary by Chakrapanidatta and Edited by Vaidya Yadavji Trikamji Acharya, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi (India), reprint edition-2000, Page No.-131</ref><ref>Vriddha Vagbhata, Ashtanga-Sangraha with “Shashilekha” commentary by Indu, Edited by Dr. Shivprasad Sharma, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Series Office, Varanasi (India), 2nd edition-2008, Page No.-9</ref><ref>Vagbhata, Ashtanga-Hridaya, with the commentaries “Sarvangasundara” of Arunadatta  

and “Ayurveda-Rasayana”of Hemadri Edited by Bhishagacharya  Harishastri Paradakar  

and “[[Ayurveda]]-Rasayana”of Hemadri Edited by Bhishagacharya  Harishastri Paradakar  

Vaidya, Chaukhambha Orientalia, Varanasi (India), reprint ninth edition-2005, Page No.-16

Vaidya, Chaukhambha Orientalia, Varanasi (India), reprint ninth edition-2005, Page No.-16

</ref> Vagbhatta says that ''vamana'' is indicated in the ''kapha dosha'' as well as in the combination of ''dosha'' where ''kapha'' is dominant. In the commentary of the view of Vagbhata, Arunadatta in his Sarvangasundara commentary says that here combination of ''dosha'' should be understood as ''kapha-pitta'' association.<ref>Vagbhata, Ashtanga -Hridaya, with the commentaries “Sarvangasundara” of Arunadatta and  

</ref> Vagbhatta says that ''vamana'' is indicated in the ''kapha dosha'' as well as in the combination of ''dosha'' where ''kapha'' is dominant. In the commentary of the view of Vagbhata, Arunadatta in his Sarvangasundara commentary says that here combination of ''dosha'' should be understood as ''kapha-pitta'' association.<ref>Vagbhata, Ashtanga -Hridaya, with the commentaries “Sarvangasundara” of Arunadatta and  

“Ayurveda-Rasayana” of Hemadri Edited by Bhishagacharya  Harishastri Paradakar Vaidya,  

“[[Ayurveda]]-Rasayana” of Hemadri Edited by Bhishagacharya  Harishastri Paradakar Vaidya,  

Chaukhambha Orientalia, Varanasi (India), reprint ninth edition-2005, Page No.-260</ref>   

Chaukhambha Orientalia, Varanasi (India), reprint ninth edition-2005, Page No.-260</ref>   

      

      

As per the view of Charaka, one predominant in ''kapha'' vomits easily.<ref>Agnivesha, Charaka-Samhita, with the “Ayurveda-Dipika” commentary by Chakrapanidatta and Edited by Vaidya Yadavji Trikamji Acharya, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi (India), reprint edition-2000, Page No.-678</ref> This should be accepted as an ideal condition for ''vamana karma''. Therefore, either it is the diseased or healthy condition, predominance of ''kapha'' should be observed or produced (by the application of ''snehana'' and ''swedana''), then one should administer ''vamana karma''. In the context of [[Jwara Chikitsa]], Charaka has given the specific view for the application of ''vamana'' which can be accepted in all the cases if ''kapha dosha'' is dominant with tendency to come out and situated in ''amashaya'' (stomach). <ref>Agnivesha, Charaka-Samhita, with the “Ayurveda-Dipika” commentary by Chakrapanidatta and Edited by Vaidya Yadavji Trikamji Acharya, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi (India), reprint edition-2000, Page No.-410</ref>

As per the view of Charaka, one predominant in ''kapha'' vomits easily.<ref>Agnivesha, Charaka-Samhita, with the “[[Ayurveda]]-Dipika” commentary by Chakrapanidatta and Edited by Vaidya Yadavji Trikamji Acharya, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi (India), reprint edition-2000, Page No.-678</ref> This should be accepted as an ideal condition for ''vamana karma''. Therefore, either it is the diseased or healthy condition, predominance of ''kapha'' should be observed or produced (by the application of ''snehana'' and ''swedana''), then one should administer ''vamana karma''. In the context of [[Jwara Chikitsa]], Charaka has given the specific view for the application of ''vamana'' which can be accepted in all the cases if ''kapha dosha'' is dominant with tendency to come out and situated in ''amashaya'' (stomach). <ref>Agnivesha, Charaka-Samhita, with the “[[Ayurveda]]-Dipika” commentary by Chakrapanidatta and Edited by Vaidya Yadavji Trikamji Acharya, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi (India), reprint edition-2000, Page No.-410</ref>

==== Contraindications of ''virechana'' ====

==== Contraindications of ''virechana'' ====

''Virechana'' is not advised in the conditions when ''kapha dosha'' is increased because ''manda'' (''alpa'') ''kapha'' is considered as an ideal condition for proper administration of ''virechana karma''.<ref>Agnivesha, Charaka-Samhita, with the “Ayurveda-Dipika” commentary by Chakrapanidatta and Edited by Vaidya Yadavji Trikamji Acharya, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi (India), reprint edition-2000, Page No.-678</ref>.[[Panchakarma]] is not administered in the state of indigestion.<ref>Vagbhata, Ashtanga -Hridaya, with the commentaries “Sarvangasundara” of Arunadatta and “Ayurveda-Rasayana” of Hemadri Edited by Bhishagacharya  Harishastri Paradakar Vaidya, Chaukhambha Orientalia, Varanasi (India), reprint ninth edition-2005, Page No.-261</ref>

''Virechana'' is not advised in the conditions when ''kapha dosha'' is increased because ''manda'' (''alpa'') ''kapha'' is considered as an ideal condition for proper administration of ''virechana karma''.<ref>Agnivesha, Charaka-Samhita, with the “[[Ayurveda]]-Dipika” commentary by Chakrapanidatta and Edited by Vaidya Yadavji Trikamji Acharya, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi (India), reprint edition-2000, Page No.-678</ref>.[[Panchakarma]] is not administered in the state of indigestion.<ref>Vagbhata, Ashtanga -Hridaya, with the commentaries “Sarvangasundara” of Arunadatta and “[[Ayurveda]]-Rasayana” of Hemadri Edited by Bhishagacharya  Harishastri Paradakar Vaidya, Chaukhambha Orientalia, Varanasi (India), reprint ninth edition-2005, Page No.-261</ref>

Chakrapani, the commentator of [[Charaka Samhita]] has interpreted the term ''subhaga kshata guda'' as ''subhaga guda'' (one who has delicate anus) and ''kshata guda'' (one who has anal injury). He has also mentioned ''subhagam'' means ''sukhasamvardhita'' (those who has never faced any hardship) according to the view of other scholars in his commentary. ''Virechana'' applied in the person having injury to anus or delicate anus causes harm to the patients. In the person who has taken the ''niruha'' type of enema, at least seven days gap is essential to perform ''virechana karma'' and vice-versa. ''Virechana'' in pregnant woman is contra-indicated up to seventh month except in emergency. In eighth month if disease is curable by ''vamana'' or ''virechana'', then ''mridu vamana'' (mild emesis) or ''mridu virechana'' (mild purgative) can be given.<ref>Agnivesha, Charaka-Samhita, with the “Ayurveda-Dipika” commentary by Chakrapanidatta and Edited by Vaidya Yadavji Trikamji Acharya, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi (India), reprint edition-2000, Page No.-344</ref>

Chakrapani, the commentator of [[Charaka Samhita]] has interpreted the term ''subhaga kshata guda'' as ''subhaga guda'' (one who has delicate anus) and ''kshata guda'' (one who has anal injury). He has also mentioned ''subhagam'' means ''sukhasamvardhita'' (those who has never faced any hardship) according to the view of other scholars in his commentary. ''Virechana'' applied in the person having injury to anus or delicate anus causes harm to the patients. In the person who has taken the ''niruha'' type of enema, at least seven days gap is essential to perform ''virechana karma'' and vice-versa. ''Virechana'' in pregnant woman is contra-indicated up to seventh month except in emergency. In eighth month if disease is curable by ''vamana'' or ''virechana'', then ''mridu vamana'' (mild emesis) or ''mridu virechana'' (mild purgative) can be given.<ref>Agnivesha, Charaka-Samhita, with the “[[Ayurveda]]-Dipika” commentary by Chakrapanidatta and Edited by Vaidya Yadavji Trikamji Acharya, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi (India), reprint edition-2000, Page No.-344</ref>

==== Indications of ''vamana'' ====

==== Indications of ''vamana'' ====

''Virechana'' is considered the best therapy to purify ''pitta dosha'' especially. <ref>Agnivesha, Charaka-Samhita, with the “Ayurveda-Dipika”  commentary by Chakrapanidatta and Edited by Vaidya Yadavji Trikamji Acharya, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi (India), reprint edition-2000, Page No.-131</ref><ref>Vriddha Vagbhata, Ashtanga -Sangraha with “Shashilekha”commentary by Indu, Edited by Dr. Shivprasad Sharma, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Series Office, Varanasi (India), 2nd edition-2008,  

''Virechana'' is considered the best therapy to purify ''pitta dosha'' especially. <ref>Agnivesha, Charaka-Samhita, with the “[[Ayurveda]]-Dipika”  commentary by Chakrapanidatta and Edited by Vaidya Yadavji Trikamji Acharya, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi (India), reprint edition-2000, Page No.-131</ref><ref>Vriddha Vagbhata, Ashtanga -Sangraha with “Shashilekha”commentary by Indu, Edited by Dr. Shivprasad Sharma, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Series Office, Varanasi (India), 2nd edition-2008,  

Page No.-9</ref><ref>Vagbhata, Ashtanga -Hridaya, with the commentaries “Sarvangasundara” of Arunadatta  

Page No.-9</ref><ref>Vagbhata, Ashtanga -Hridaya, with the commentaries “Sarvangasundara” of Arunadatta  

and “Ayurveda-Rasayana”of Hemadri Edited by Bhishagacharya  Harishastri Paradakar  

and “[[Ayurveda]]-Rasayana”of Hemadri Edited by Bhishagacharya  Harishastri Paradakar  

Vaidya, Chaukhambha Orientalia, Varanasi (India), reprint ninth edition-2005, Page No.-16</ref>

Vaidya, Chaukhambha Orientalia, Varanasi (India), reprint ninth edition-2005, Page No.-16</ref>

''Virechana'' eliminates ''pitta'' or ''kapha pitta'' situated in ''pittashaya''. <ref>Agnivesha, Charaka-Samhita, with the “Ayurveda-Dipika”commentary by Chakrapanidatta  

''Virechana'' eliminates ''pitta'' or ''kapha pitta'' situated in ''pittashaya''. <ref>Agnivesha, Charaka-Samhita, with the “[[Ayurveda]]-Dipika”commentary by Chakrapanidatta  

and Edited by Vaidya Yadavji Trikamji Acharya, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi  

and Edited by Vaidya Yadavji Trikamji Acharya, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi  

(India), reprint edition-2000, Page No.-413</ref>

(India), reprint edition-2000, Page No.-413</ref>

''Virechana'' treatments are of many types such as ''mridu virechana'', ''sukha virechana'' and ''tikshṇa virechana''.<ref>Agnivesha, Charaka-Samhita, with the “Ayurveda-Dipika”commentary by Chakrapanidatta  

''Virechana'' treatments are of many types such as ''mridu virechana'', ''sukha virechana'' and ''tikshṇa virechana''.<ref>Agnivesha, Charaka-Samhita, with the “[[Ayurveda]]-Dipika”commentary by Chakrapanidatta  

and Edited by Vaidya Yadavji Trikamji Acharya, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi  

and Edited by Vaidya Yadavji Trikamji Acharya, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi  

(India), reprint edition-2000, Page No.-413</ref>

(India), reprint edition-2000, Page No.-413</ref>

All the persons are not treated by the same medicines. So the application depends upon the nature of ''koshtha'', nature of the disease, strength of the person, age, season and many other considerable issues. ''Mridu virechana'' is not appropriate for the person having ''krurakoshtha'' and ''tikshna virechana'' is not suitable for ''mridu koshtha''. ''Tikshna virechana'' is advised in ''mrittika bhakshanajanya pandu roga'' and ''baddhodara'' in [[Charaka Samhita]] but it cannot be given to the patient suffering from the heart disease. ''Mridu virechana'' is advised in ''kamala roga'' .<ref>Agnivesha, Charaka-Samhita, with the “Ayurveda-Dipika”commentary by Chakrapanidatta and Edited by Vaidya Yadavji Trikamji Acharya, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi (India), reprint edition-2000, Page No.-528</ref> ''Virechana'' given to the patients suffering from ''paittika'' disorders cannot be given to those suffering from ''pitta shlaishmika'' disorders. Again ''virechana'' medicines are of two types i.e. ''snigdha virechana'' and ''ruksha virechana''. ''Snigdha virechana'' is used in the person having dryness in the body and ''ruksha virechana'' is used in the persons who have unctuousness in the body. For example ''snighdha virechana'' is advised in ''vatodara''. <ref>Agnivesha, Charaka-Samhita, with the “Ayurveda-Dipika” commentary by Chakrapanidatta and Edited by Vaidya Yadavji Trikamji Acharya, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi (India), reprint edition-2000, Page No.- 494</ref> ''Tikshna vamana'' and ''virechana'', and other painful procedures are generally not advised in children and old, if required then ''mridu vamana'' and ''virechana'' should be administered .<ref>Sushruta, Sushruta-Samhita, with the “Nibandha-Samgraha” commentary of Dalhana and  

All the persons are not treated by the same medicines. So the application depends upon the nature of ''koshtha'', nature of the disease, strength of the person, age, season and many other considerable issues. ''Mridu virechana'' is not appropriate for the person having ''krurakoshtha'' and ''tikshna virechana'' is not suitable for ''mridu koshtha''. ''Tikshna virechana'' is advised in ''mrittika bhakshanajanya pandu roga'' and ''baddhodara'' in [[Charaka Samhita]] but it cannot be given to the patient suffering from the heart disease. ''Mridu virechana'' is advised in ''kamala roga'' .<ref>Agnivesha, Charaka-Samhita, with the “[[Ayurveda]]-Dipika”commentary by Chakrapanidatta and Edited by Vaidya Yadavji Trikamji Acharya, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi (India), reprint edition-2000, Page No.-528</ref> ''Virechana'' given to the patients suffering from ''paittika'' disorders cannot be given to those suffering from ''pitta shlaishmika'' disorders. Again ''virechana'' medicines are of two types i.e. ''snigdha virechana'' and ''ruksha virechana''. ''Snigdha virechana'' is used in the person having dryness in the body and ''ruksha virechana'' is used in the persons who have unctuousness in the body. For example ''snighdha virechana'' is advised in ''vatodara''. <ref>Agnivesha, Charaka-Samhita, with the “[[Ayurveda]]-Dipika” commentary by Chakrapanidatta and Edited by Vaidya Yadavji Trikamji Acharya, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi (India), reprint edition-2000, Page No.- 494</ref> ''Tikshna vamana'' and ''virechana'', and other painful procedures are generally not advised in children and old, if required then ''mridu vamana'' and ''virechana'' should be administered .<ref>Sushruta, Sushruta-Samhita, with the “Nibandha-Samgraha” commentary of Dalhana and  

“Nyayachandrika Panjika” of Gayadasa on Nidanasthana Edited (from beginning to 9th chapter  

“Nyayachandrika Panjika” of Gayadasa on Nidanasthana Edited (from beginning to 9th chapter  

of Chikitsasthana) by Vaidya Yadavji Trikamji Acharya and the rest by Narayan Ram Acharya   

of Chikitsasthana) by Vaidya Yadavji Trikamji Acharya and the rest by Narayan Ram Acharya   

“Kavyatirth”, Chaukhambha Orientalia, Varanasi (India), seventh edition- 2002, Page No.-155

“Kavyatirth”, Chaukhambha Orientalia, Varanasi (India), seventh edition- 2002, Page No.-155

</ref>  ''Virechana karma'' should be administered in ''Sharad ritu'' (autumn season) in healthy individuals because the aggravation of ''pitta-dosha'' takes place in this season naturally. Generally it should not be administered in peak of summer and peak of winter season as it may lead to ''atiyoga'' and ''ayoga'' respectively.<ref>Agnivesha, Charaka-Samhita, with the “Ayurveda-Dipika” commentary by Chakrapanidatta and Edited by Vaidya Yadavji Trikamji Acharya, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi (India), reprint edition-2000, Page No.-281</ref>

</ref>  ''Virechana karma'' should be administered in ''Sharad ritu'' (autumn season) in healthy individuals because the aggravation of ''pitta-dosha'' takes place in this season naturally. Generally it should not be administered in peak of summer and peak of winter season as it may lead to ''atiyoga'' and ''ayoga'' respectively.<ref>Agnivesha, Charaka-Samhita, with the “[[Ayurveda]]-Dipika” commentary by Chakrapanidatta and Edited by Vaidya Yadavji Trikamji Acharya, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi (India), reprint edition-2000, Page No.-281</ref>

==== Contraindications of ''asthapana basti'' ====

==== Contraindications of ''asthapana basti'' ====

''Asthapana basti'' is contra-indicated in the stage of ''ajeerna''<ref>Agnivesha, Charaka-Samhita, with the “Ayurveda-Dipika” commentary by Chakrapanidatta and Edited by Vaidya Yadavji Trikamji Acharya, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi (India), reprint edition-2000, Page No.-692</ref> or ''ama''.  ''Asthapana'' and ''anuvasana basti'' are indicated in the treatment of ''baddhodara''<ref>Agnivesha, Charaka-Samhita, with the “Ayurveda-Dipika” commentary by Chakrapanidatta and Edited by Vaidya Yadavji Trikamji Acharya, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi (India), reprint edition-2000, Page No.-496</ref>, so ''baddhodara'' mentioned in the contra-indications of ''asthapana'' should be read as ''baddhodaradhmana'' means it is contraindicated in ''adhmana'' due to ''baddhodara''<ref>Agnivesha, Charaka-Samhita, with the “Ayurveda-Dipika”commentary by Chakrapanidatta and Edited by Vaidya Yadavji Trikamji Acharya, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi (India), reprint edition-2000, Page No.-689</ref>. ''Asthapana basti'' is contraindicated in ''kushtha roga'' but in a particular stage of the disease, Charaka has exceptionally indicated the ''asthapana'' and ''Anuvasana basti'' <ref>Agnivesha, Charaka-Samhita, with the “Ayurveda-Dipika”  commentary by Chakrapanidatta  

''Asthapana basti'' is contra-indicated in the stage of ''ajeerna''<ref>Agnivesha, Charaka-Samhita, with the “[[Ayurveda]]-Dipika” commentary by Chakrapanidatta and Edited by Vaidya Yadavji Trikamji Acharya, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi (India), reprint edition-2000, Page No.-692</ref> or ''ama''.  ''Asthapana'' and ''anuvasana basti'' are indicated in the treatment of ''baddhodara''<ref>Agnivesha, Charaka-Samhita, with the “[[Ayurveda]]-Dipika” commentary by Chakrapanidatta and Edited by Vaidya Yadavji Trikamji Acharya, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi (India), reprint edition-2000, Page No.-496</ref>, so ''baddhodara'' mentioned in the contra-indications of ''asthapana'' should be read as ''baddhodaradhmana'' means it is contraindicated in ''adhmana'' due to ''baddhodara''<ref>Agnivesha, Charaka-Samhita, with the “[[Ayurveda]]-Dipika”commentary by Chakrapanidatta and Edited by Vaidya Yadavji Trikamji Acharya, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi (India), reprint edition-2000, Page No.-689</ref>. ''Asthapana basti'' is contraindicated in ''kushtha roga'' but in a particular stage of the disease, Charaka has exceptionally indicated the ''asthapana'' and ''Anuvasana basti'' <ref>Agnivesha, Charaka-Samhita, with the “[[Ayurveda]]-Dipika”  commentary by Chakrapanidatta  

and Edited by Vaidya Yadavji Trikamji Acharya, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi  

and Edited by Vaidya Yadavji Trikamji Acharya, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi  

(India), reprint edition-2000, Page No.-452

(India), reprint edition-2000, Page No.-452

==== Indications of ''asthapana basti'' ====

==== Indications of ''asthapana basti'' ====

''Asthapana basti'' is considered the best therapy in ''vatika'' disorders.<ref>Agnivesha, Charaka-Samhita, with the “Ayurveda-Dipika” commentary by Chakrapanidatta and Edited by Vaidya Yadavji Trikamji Acharya, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi (India), reprint edition-2000, Page No.- 114</ref><ref>Vagbhata, Ashtanga -Hridaya, with the commentaries “Sarvanׂgasundara” of Arunadatta  

''Asthapana basti'' is considered the best therapy in ''vatika'' disorders.<ref>Agnivesha, Charaka-Samhita, with the “[[Ayurveda]]-Dipika” commentary by Chakrapanidatta and Edited by Vaidya Yadavji Trikamji Acharya, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi (India), reprint edition-2000, Page No.- 114</ref><ref>Vagbhata, Ashtanga -Hridaya, with the commentaries “Sarvanׂgasundara” of Arunadatta  

and “Ayurveda-Rasayana” of Hemadri Edited by Bhishagacharya  Harishastri Paradakar  

and “[[Ayurveda]]-Rasayana” of Hemadri Edited by Bhishagacharya  Harishastri Paradakar  

Vaidya, Chaukhambha Orientalia, Varanasi (India), reprint ninth edition-2005, Page No.-16

Vaidya, Chaukhambha Orientalia, Varanasi (India), reprint ninth edition-2005, Page No.-16

</ref> It is given in disorders caused by other ''dosha''. ''Basti'' can be administered in the vitiation of ''vata, pitta, kapha, samsarga'' (vitiation of two ''dosha''), ''sannipata'' (vitiation of all the three ''dosha'') and even in vitiation of ''rakta'' (blood) also.<ref>Sushruta, Sushruta-Samhita, with the “Nibandha-Sangraha” commentary of Dalhana and  

</ref> It is given in disorders caused by other ''dosha''. ''Basti'' can be administered in the vitiation of ''vata, pitta, kapha, samsarga'' (vitiation of two ''dosha''), ''sannipata'' (vitiation of all the three ''dosha'') and even in vitiation of ''rakta'' (blood) also.<ref>Sushruta, Sushruta-Samhita, with the “Nibandha-Sangraha” commentary of Dalhana and  

of Chikitsasthana) by Vaidya Yadavji Trikamji Acharya and the rest by Narayan Ram Acharya   

of Chikitsasthana) by Vaidya Yadavji Trikamji Acharya and the rest by Narayan Ram Acharya   

“Kavyatirth”, Chaukhambha Orientalia,Varanasi (India), seventh edition- 2002, Page No.-525

“Kavyatirth”, Chaukhambha Orientalia,Varanasi (India), seventh edition- 2002, Page No.-525

</ref>  Application of first ''asthapana basti'' removes or purifies ''vata'', second ''basti'' removes or purifies ''pitta'' and third to ''kapha dosha'' <ref>Agnivesha, Charaka-Samhita, with the “Ayurveda-Dipika”commentary by Chakrapanidatta  

</ref>  Application of first ''asthapana basti'' removes or purifies ''vata'', second ''basti'' removes or purifies ''pitta'' and third to ''kapha dosha'' <ref>Agnivesha, Charaka-Samhita, with the “[[Ayurveda]]-Dipika”commentary by Chakrapanidatta  

and Edited by Vaidya Yadavji Trikamji Acharya, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi  

and Edited by Vaidya Yadavji Trikamji Acharya, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi  

(India), reprint edition-2000, Page No.-693

(India), reprint edition-2000, Page No.-693

==== Contraindications of ''anuvasana basti'' ====

==== Contraindications of ''anuvasana basti'' ====

''Anuvasana basti'' is not advised in ''kaphaja'' disorders, ''medo vriddhi'' and ''ama dosha''. Contraindications given in the text are as per general rule. Exceptional instructions are also found in the text considering the need of therapy in particular stage of disease such as in the patient suffering from piles if patient comes with associated symptoms like ''udavarta'', excessive dryness of the body, abnormal movement of ''vata'' and pain, then ''anuvasana basti'' is advised.<ref>Agnivesha, Charaka-Samhita, with the “Ayurveda-Dipika”commentary by Chakrapanidatta  

''Anuvasana basti'' is not advised in ''kaphaja'' disorders, ''medo vriddhi'' and ''ama dosha''. Contraindications given in the text are as per general rule. Exceptional instructions are also found in the text considering the need of therapy in particular stage of disease such as in the patient suffering from piles if patient comes with associated symptoms like ''udavarta'', excessive dryness of the body, abnormal movement of ''vata'' and pain, then ''anuvasana basti'' is advised.<ref>Agnivesha, Charaka-Samhita, with the “[[Ayurveda]]-Dipika”commentary by Chakrapanidatta  

and Edited by Vaidya Yadavji Trikamji Acharya, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi  

and Edited by Vaidya Yadavji Trikamji Acharya, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi  

(India), reprint edition-2000, Page No.-507

(India), reprint edition-2000, Page No.-507

</ref> ''Anuvasana'' is contraindicated in the patients suffering from ''krimikoshtha'' also because initially he should not be treated with this type of ''basti'' as it will increase the disease.  In the patient of ''krimikoshtha'', initially ''asthapana basti'' followed by ''vamana'' and ''virechana'' should be applied and when ''koshtha'' is completely purified, ''anuvasana basti'' with ''vidanga'' oil can be administered.<ref>Agnivesha, Charaka-Samhita, with the “Ayurveda-Dipika” commentary by Chakrapanidatta  

</ref> ''Anuvasana'' is contraindicated in the patients suffering from ''krimikoshtha'' also because initially he should not be treated with this type of ''basti'' as it will increase the disease.  In the patient of ''krimikoshtha'', initially ''asthapana basti'' followed by ''vamana'' and ''virechana'' should be applied and when ''koshtha'' is completely purified, ''anuvasana basti'' with ''vidanga'' oil can be administered.<ref>Agnivesha, Charaka-Samhita, with the “[[Ayurveda]]-Dipika” commentary by Chakrapanidatta  

and Edited by Vaidya Yadavji Trikamji Acharya, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi  

and Edited by Vaidya Yadavji Trikamji Acharya, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi  

(India), reprint edition-2000, Page No.-259</ref>

(India), reprint edition-2000, Page No.-259</ref>

==== Indications of ''anuvasana basti'' ====

==== Indications of ''anuvasana basti'' ====

''Anuvasana basti'' and ''asthapana basti'' are considered the best therapy in ''vatika'' disorders.<ref>Agnivesha, Charaka-Samhita, with the “Ayurveda-Dipika” commentary by Chakrapanidatta  

''Anuvasana basti'' and ''asthapana basti'' are considered the best therapy in ''vatika'' disorders.<ref>Agnivesha, Charaka-Samhita, with the “[[Ayurveda]]-Dipika” commentary by Chakrapanidatta  

and Edited by Vaidya Yadavji Trikamji Acharya, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi  

and Edited by Vaidya Yadavji Trikamji Acharya, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi  

(India), reprint edition-2000, Page No.-114

(India), reprint edition-2000, Page No.-114

''Shirovirechana'' type of ''nasya'' is mainly beneficial in ''kaphaja'' disorders.<ref>Vriddha Vagbhata, Ashtanׂga-Samgraha with “Shashilekha” commentary by Indu, Edited by Dr. Shivprasad Sharma, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Series Office, Varanasi (India), 2nd edition-2008, Page No.-223</ref>

''Shirovirechana'' type of ''nasya'' is mainly beneficial in ''kaphaja'' disorders.<ref>Vriddha Vagbhata, Ashtanׂga-Samgraha with “Shashilekha” commentary by Indu, Edited by Dr. Shivprasad Sharma, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Series Office, Varanasi (India), 2nd edition-2008, Page No.-223</ref>

                                

                                

''Shirovirechana'' is mainly beneficial in ''kaphaja'' disorders where as Charaka says that it is beneficial in ''vatadi vikaras'' which are free from ''ama dosha''. Here ''vatadi vikaras'' means ''vata shleshmika vikara'' of the head region are cured by proper administration of ''shirovirechana''.<ref>Agnivesha, Charaka-Samhita, with the “Ayurveda-Dipika”commentary by Chakrapanidatta  

''Shirovirechana'' is mainly beneficial in ''kaphaja'' disorders where as Charaka says that it is beneficial in ''vatadi vikaras'' which are free from ''ama dosha''. Here ''vatadi vikaras'' means ''vata shleshmika vikara'' of the head region are cured by proper administration of ''shirovirechana''.<ref>Agnivesha, Charaka-Samhita, with the “[[Ayurveda]]-Dipika”commentary by Chakrapanidatta  

and Edited by Vaidya Yadavji Trikamji Acharya, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi  

and Edited by Vaidya Yadavji Trikamji Acharya, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi  

(India), reprint edition-2000, Page No.-690

(India), reprint edition-2000, Page No.-690

</ref>  ''Pinasa roga'' mentioned in the indications should be accepted as ''pakva pratishyaya'' (chronic coryza)<ref>Agnivesha, Charaka-Samhita, with the “Ayurveda-Dipika” commentary by Chakrapanidatta  

</ref>  ''Pinasa roga'' mentioned in the indications should be accepted as ''pakva pratishyaya'' (chronic coryza)<ref>Agnivesha, Charaka-Samhita, with the “[[Ayurveda]]-Dipika” commentary by Chakrapanidatta  

and Edited by Vaidya Yadavji Trikamji Acharya, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi  

and Edited by Vaidya Yadavji Trikamji Acharya, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi  

(India), reprint edition-2000, Page No.-690

(India), reprint edition-2000, Page No.-690

#Agniveśa, Caraka-Saṃhitā, text with English translation Volume-I, Edited and translated by Prof. Priya Vrat Sharma, Chaukhambha Orientalia,Varanasi (India), first edition-1981.

#Agniveśa, Caraka-Saṃhitā, text with English translation Volume-I, Edited and translated by Prof. Priya Vrat Sharma, Chaukhambha Orientalia,Varanasi (India), first edition-1981.

#Agniveśa, Caraka-Saṃhitā, text with English translation Volume- II, Edited and translated by Prof. Priya Vrat Sharma, Chaukhambha Orientalia,Varanasi (India), first edition-1983.

#Agniveśa, Caraka-Saṃhitā, text with English translation Volume- II, Edited and translated by Prof. Priya Vrat Sharma, Chaukhambha Orientalia,Varanasi (India), first edition-1983.

#Sharma R.K. and Dash B., Caraka Saṃhitā with English translation and critical exposition based on Cakrapāṇidatta’s ‘Ayurveda Dīpikā’Commentary, Vol. I to VI, Chaukhambha Bharati Sanskrit Series office, Varanasi (India), edition-2001.

#Sharma R.K. and Dash B., Caraka Saṃhitā with English translation and critical exposition based on Cakrapāṇidatta’s ‘[[Ayurveda]] Dīpikā’Commentary, Vol. I to VI, Chaukhambha Bharati Sanskrit Series office, Varanasi (India), edition-2001.

#Agniveśa, Caraka-Saṃhitā- part-1 with introduction by Vaidya Samrat Shri Satyanarayana Shastri and ‘Vidyotinī’ Hindi commentary by Pt. Kashinath Shastri and Dr. Gorakhnath Chaturvedi, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi (India), reprint: year 2009.

#Agniveśa, Caraka-Saṃhitā- part-1 with introduction by Vaidya Samrat Shri Satyanarayana Shastri and ‘Vidyotinī’ Hindi commentary by Pt. Kashinath Shastri and Dr. Gorakhnath Chaturvedi, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi (India), reprint: year 2009.

#Agniveśa, Caraka-Saṃhitā- part-2 with introduction by Vaidya Samrat Shri Satyanarayana Shastri and ‘Vidyotinī’ Hindi commentary by Pt. Kashinath Shastri and Dr. Gorakhnath Chaturvedi, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi (India), reprint: year 2009.

#Agniveśa, Caraka-Saṃhitā- part-2 with introduction by Vaidya Samrat Shri Satyanarayana Shastri and ‘Vidyotinī’ Hindi commentary by Pt. Kashinath Shastri and Dr. Gorakhnath Chaturvedi, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi (India), reprint: year 2009.