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Line 79: − + − ===6. Uddesha (Concise statement)===+ − Uddesha is the method of briefly touching a subject without going in detail. Thus, when one says “disease” (shalya), it means both internal and external diseases without any kind of specification. Uddesha is a concise statement like Ch.Su.1.24 mentions that Lord Indra explained Ayurveda to Sage Bharadvaja with trifold methodology i.e. Hetu (Causes), Linga (symptoms and signs) and Aushadha (treatment modalities). This is further described in the whole text, in relation to health and diseases. E.g. causes of (factors leading to) health, and causes of diseases, and so on.+ − + − It is the method of describing thing in detail. E.g. In Sutrasthana 1st chapter three Doshas pertaining to the body are mentioned as Vayu, Pitta and Kapha. This is like Uddesha. Now further details about these Doshas like their properties, their functions, causes for their vitiation and treatment for them are described further in the Sutrasthana 1st chapter and also in Su.12, 20, Vimanasthana 6th chapter etc. this is Nirdesha.+ − ===8. Vakyashesha (Supply of ellipsis)===+ − + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
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In research methodology, this is applied to support the observation and results with available evidences and references.
In research methodology, this is applied to support the observation and results with available evidences and references.
===4. Padartha (Import of words)===
===4. Padartha (Correct meaning of word or group of words)===
There are some Sanskrit terms with different meaning. By applying this tantrayukti,the correct meaning of the term as per the context is derived. It means that, when a word having two or more senses is used, then that meaning alone has to be accepted which suits the previous and later contexts. Here various words are aligned together, to draw appropriate meaning. The meaning is according to the context. e.g. the term Rasa is having different meaning in different context. In context of dhatu, it is body tissue similar to plasma. In pharmaceutical preparation, it means juice of herb. In context of digestion, it is the first product produced in digestive process which later gets converted into tissue.In herbo-mineral-metallic formulations, it means mercury. So by applying padartha tantrayukti, the correct meaning of rasa as per context should be understood.
There are some Sanskrit terms with different meaning. By applying this tantrayukti,the correct meaning of the term as per the context is derived. It means that, when a word having two or more senses is used, then that meaning alone has to be accepted which suits the previous and later contexts. Here various words are aligned together, to draw appropriate meaning. The meaning is according to the context. e.g. the term Rasa is having different meaning in different context. In context of dhatu, it is body tissue similar to plasma. In pharmaceutical preparation, it means juice of herb. In context of digestion, it is the first product produced in digestive process which later gets converted into tissue.In herbo-mineral-metallic formulations, it means mercury. So by applying padartha tantrayukti, the correct meaning of rasa as per context should be understood.
===5. Pradesha (Partial adumbration)===
===5. Pradesha (Partial adumbration)===
When the information on a particular subject is vast, it’s not possible to provide all the details. In such conditions, small part is described in such a way, that it acts as an example for readers, to guide about further details which can’t be furnished. E.g. after providing guidelines about preparation of medicinal formulations in Ch.Su.4.,Ch.Ka.12 etc. places, 600 formulations are described in Kalpasthana. It is explained that these provide guidelines. If one understands these guidelines, one can prepare millions of such formulations.
When the information on a particular subject is vast, it is briefed in such a way that it acts as an example for readers, to guide about further details which can’t be furnished in the treatise. E.g. after providing guidelines about preparation of medicinal formulations in [[Shadvirechanashatashritiya Adhyaya#Six hundred formulations of medicinal plants|(Cha.Su.4/4)]], [[Dantidravanti Kalpa Adhyaya#Guidelines for formulating medicines (Cha.Ka.12/43)]] etc. places, 600 formulations are described in [[Kalpa Sthana]]. It is explained that these provide guidelines. If one understands these guidelines, one can prepare millions of such formulations.
In clinical medicine, the important clues in small number of patients are experienced and then common guidelines for pathogenesis and management of that condition are documented.
In research methodology, small sample of population is studied to observe effect and the results are interpreted to be same in large population.<ref>Minu Chandran, Haroon Irshad, Jaya Shankar Mund (2015),Concept of Tantrayukti with special emphasis on Pradesha Tantrayukti, Global J Res. Med. Plants & Indigen. Med., Volume 4(12): 253–258</ref>
===7. Nirdesha (Amplification)===
===6. Uddesha(Concise statement)===
Uddesha is the method of briefly touching a subject without going in detail. Thus, when one says “disease” (vyadhi), it means both internal and external diseases without any kind of specification. Uddesha is a concise statement like in the first chapter of [[Sutra Sthana]] [[Deerghanjiviteeya Adhyaya#Three principles for knowledge of Health and Disease|(Ch.Su.1.24)]] mentions that Lord Indra explained Ayurveda to Sage Bharadvaja with trifold methodology i.e. Hetu (causes), Linga (symptoms and signs) and Aushadha (treatment modalities). This is further described in the whole text, in relation to health and diseases. E.g. causes of (factors leading to) health, and causes of diseases, and so on.
In clinical medicine, the history of patient is described in brief in terms of diagnosis and management principles.
It consists in supplying an idea suggested by the context, but not expressly mentioned. Here authors of ancient texts(Samhita), don’t mention certain words in a statement, to keep the text concise. However such words can be easily understood, and are necessary for drawing correct meaning of the statement. E.g. Ch.Su.16.28 states that for utpatti (formation, manifestation) of objects causative factors (are necessary), but not for their nirodha (cessation, annihilation). In this statement, the words in the bracket-‘are necessary’ – are not directly mentioned, but can be understood and are necessary.
In research methodology, the abstract is given with important statements of all sections of study.
===7. Nirdesha(Elaboration)===
It is the method of elaborating the concise statement further in detail. E.g. In [[Sutra Sthana]] [[Deerghanjiviteeya Adhyaya#Three Sharira Dosha and two Manas Dosha| three Doshas (Cha.Su.1/57)]] pertaining to the body are mentioned as Vayu, Pitta and Kapha. This is like Uddesha. Now further details about these Doshas like their properties, their functions, causes for their vitiation and treatment for them are described further in the [[Sutra Sthana]] chapter one, twelve, twenty and in [[Vimana Sthana]] 6th chapter etc. This is Nirdesha.
In clinical practice, technical words are used to denote a procedure and then detail description of procedure is given.
In research, the idea is elaborated with every details in a dissertation or research article publication.
===8. Vakyashesha(Supply of ellipsis)===
It consists in supplying an idea suggested by the context, but not expressly mentioned. Here authors of ancient texts ([[Samhita]]), don’t mention certain words in a statement, to keep the text concise. However such words can be easily understood, and are necessary for drawing correct meaning of the statement. E.g. [[Chikitsaprabhritiya Adhyaya # Swabhavoparama vada (theory of natural destruction)|(Cha.Su.16/28)]] states that for utpatti (formation, manifestation) of objects causative factors (are necessary), but not for their nirodha (cessation, annihilation). In this statement, the words in the bracket-‘are necessary’ – are not directly mentioned, but can be understood and are necessary. This is method for reading between the lines and reveal the hidden meaning of sentence by completely understanding it.
In clinical practice, some common guidelines are applied in instructions. e.g. if a patient is instructed to avoid exercise, then he should avoid all types of exercises.
In research, the hidden meanings can be revealed by meticulous analysis of the data and its interpretation.
===9. Prayojana(Purpose)===
===9. Prayojana(Purpose)===