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Line 528: − + + − − === Books Referred === − − *''Ashtanga Sangraha'' of Vagabhata with Shalilekha; Sanskrit commentary by Indu, Chaukhambha Sanskrit Series Office, Varanasi. − − *Charaka Samhita by Agnivesha, revised by Charaka and Dridhabala with the Ayurveda-Dipika Commentary of Chakrapanidatta, Edited by Vaidya Jadavji Trikamji Acharya, published by Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, 1984. − − *Sushruta Samhita of Susruta, with the Nibandhasangraha Commentary of Sri Dlhanacharya, Edited by Vaidya Jadavji Trikamji Acharya, Published by Chaukhambha Orientalia, Varanasi, 1992. − − *Susruta Samhita with English translation of text and Dalhana’s commentary along with critical notes, Vol. III (Kalpasthana and Uttaratantra), Edited and translated by Priya Vrat Sharma, Published by Chaukhambha Visvabharati, Varanasi-221001, First Edition-2001. − − *Charaka Samhita, Agnivesha’s treatise refined and annotated by Caraka and redacted by Dridhabala (Text with English Translation), Vol. – II, Edited-Translator Prof. Priya Vrat Sharma, Published by Chaukhambha Orientalia, Varanasi-221001, First Edition-1981. − − *Sharangadhara Samhita of Sharangadhara with the commentary of Addhmala’ Dipika commentary , Chaukhambha Orientalia, Varanasi-221001, Third Edition-1983. − − *Patel Ritesh G, Pathak Nimish L, Rathod Jaimik D, Dr.L.D.Patel and Bhatt Nayna M. Phytopharmacological Properties of Randia dumetorum as a Potential Medicinal Tree: An Overview , Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science 01 (10); 2011: 24-26. ISSN: 2231-3354. − − *Navneet K. Singh1, Arun K. Mishra , Jeetendra K. Gupta , S. Jayalakshmi ,Randia spinosa (poir.): ethnobotany, phytochemistry and pharmacology -a review International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research Volume 4, Issue 1, September – October 2010; Article 023 ISSN 0976 – 044X. Line 436:
Line 541: − + − − ===== A comparative clinical study on standardization of ''Vamana Vidhi'' by classical and traditional methods ===== − Ranjip Kumar Dass, Nilesh N. Bhatt, Anup B. Thakar, and Vagish Dutt Shukla − <div style="text-align:justify;">+ − Total 50 patients and healthy volunteers were selected irrespective of gender, religion, occupation, etc., from O.P.D. and I.P.D. of [[Panchakarma]] Department of Institute for Post Graduate Teaching and Research in Ayurveda, Jamnagar. The patients as well as healthy volunteers were randomly divided into following two groups: − #Group A (classical group): Twenty-two individuals of this group had performed ''Vamana'' by the classical methods according to Charaka and Sushruta Samhita.[3,4] − ##Out of these individuals, five were healthy volunteers, i.e., ''Swastha'' having ''Kapha Prakopa Lakshanas'' and taking ''Vamana'' for the purpose of ''Swasthya Rakshana''. − ##Seventeen patients having various disorders but a common criterion for the selection, i.e., ''Vamanarha'' or ''Vamya'' (fit for vomiting) were selected for ''Vamana'' in “Diseased Group.” − *'''Vidhi''': ''Madanphala Pippali'' was taken in ''Antarnakha Musti'' (making fist) ''Pramana'' by the patient's own hand. It was then added in ''Yashtimadhu Kwath'' and kept for one night (previous night of ''Vamana Karma''). In the morning time, it was stirred properly and filtered. Then it was given to the patient in lukewarm state mixing with honey and ''Saindhav Lavana'' (rock salt) upto ''Pittanta Vamana'' (till bile comes). Before that in early morning, ''Ghritayukta Yavagu'' was given to the patient after ''Abhyanga'' (massage) and ''Swedana'' (fomentation). − #Group B (traditional group): Twenty two individuals of this group had performed Vamana by traditional methods followed in the Panchakarma Hospital of I.P.G.T. and R.A. − ##Out of these individuals, 10 were healthy volunteers, i.e., “Swastha” having Kapha Prakopa Lakshanas and taking the Vamana for the purpose of “Swasthya Rakshana.” − ##Twelve patients having various disorders but a common criterion for the selection, i.e., “Vamanarha” or “Vamya” were selected for Vamana in “Diseased Group.” − *'''Vidhi''': In the morning time at first after ''Abhyanga'' and ''Swedana'', milk or ''Ikshu Rasa'' was given to the patient upto ''Aakanthapana'' (fullness upto throat). Then ''Madanaphala Pippali Churna, Vacha'' and ''Saindhava Lavana'' were taken in a ratio of 4:2:1 part, respectively and a paste was made with honey. It was then given to the patient directly or indirectly by mixing with any liquid media like milk or ''Ikshu Rasa'' or ''Yashtimadhu Phanta''. Afterwards, ''Yashtimadhu Phanta'' made freshly in the morning was given up to ''Pittanta Vamana''. − </div> − ====== Drug and dosage ======+ − + − *''Purva Karma'': + − #Snehapana by Shuddha Ghrita (According to Koshtha, Agni Bala, etc., of patient). − #Sarvanga Abhyanga by Bala Taila − #Sarvanga Swedana by Bashpa Sweda − #Ghrita-Yukta Yavagupana= 200-400 g approximately according to Koshtha, etc. − *''Pradhana Karma'': − #Yashtimadhu Kwath = 3-5 l approximately − #Madanphala Pippali = Antarnakha Musti Pramana according to patient's own hand. − #Honey = Quantity Sufficient (50-100 ml approximately) − #Saindhav Lavana = Q.S. (20-30 g approximately). − *''Pashchata Karma'': Samsarjana Krama was according to the Shuddhi after Vamana Karma. − − ====== For the traditional group ====== − − *''Purva Karma'': − #Snehapana by Shuddha Ghrita (according to Koshtha, Agni Bala, etc., of patient). − #Sarvanga Abhyanga by Bala Taila − #Sarvanga Swedana by Bashpa Sweda (steam bath). − *''Pradhana Karma'': − #Milk or Ikshu Rasa = 1.5-2 l approximately − #Paste of Madanaphala Pippali Churna= 8 g, Vacha = 4 g, Saindhava Lavana = 2 g and Honey = Q.S. (20-30 ml approx.) − #Yashtimadhu Phanta= 3-4 l approximately. − *''Pashchata Karma'': Samsarjana Krama was according to the Shuddhi after Vamana Karma.[ − − ===== Discussion and conclusion ===== − − From the above study it was observed that average no. of ''Vega'' and ''Upavega'' (i.e., 7.41 and 12.41) were found in by the classical method as compared to traditional methods (i.e., 6.91 and 8.77). Because ''Vega'' had come out easily from deeper part of the stomach with viscous matter in group A than the group B as the particles of ''Madanaphala Pippali'' were present in ''Yashtimadhu Kashaya'' (decoction) till end, for which individual had felt more exertions earlier but got more relief later on. The average quantity of every Vega in traditional method was measured more as compared to classical method, as more ''Kshudra'' or ''Madhyama'' and ''Khandita Vega'' had come in this method may be due to less intake of ''Vamana Kashaya'' (probably due to more thickened solution). Maximum percentage (i.e., 68.2%) of ''Pravara Shuddhi'' was observed in group A as compared to group B (i.e., 59.1), whereas more percentage of ''Madhyama'' and ''Avara Shuddhi'' were seen in group B most probably due to earlier expulsion of ''Vamana Yoga'' with vomitus. As MSI of group B (i.e., 2.86) was lesser than group A (i.e., 4.91) more drug output (more ''Dosha Shuddhi'') were there in group B as compared to group A. Furthermore, more mucous (i.e., ''kapha'' like viscous matter) were expelled in group A than group B, whereas ''Pitta Darshana'' was seen easily with a lesser time in group B as compared to group A. The average time taken to complete the ''Vamana'' (vomiting) by the classical method (58.36 min) was lesser than the time taken for traditional method (64.91 min), may be due to quick expulsion of vitiated matter, as ''Madanaphala Pippali'' was properly diluted in the ''Vamana Kasaya'' or may be due to quick appearance of ''Antiki Lakshanas'', which leads the procedure to an end point. Clinically more percentage of individuals had marked improvement in group A, whereas more percentage of individuals got moderate improvement in group B, most probably because of more ''Shuddhi'' obtained by the classical method than the traditional. As we know that ''Vamana Karma'' is a stressful work, which is done in early morning (i.e., ''Kaphaja Kala''). Likewise, according to modern science the plasma cortisol level also rises in early hours of morning and in any stressful stimuli. So Plasma Cortisol level was tested just before and after ''Vamana Karma'', where a rise in Cortisol level was observed in classical methods. By physical analysis of vomited material, acidic pH was found in earlier stage and alkaline pH was seen in last stage (i.e., when ''Accha Pitta'' comes). More value of Specific gravity was found in vomitus of classical method as compared to the vomitus of traditional method. By biochemical quantitative analysis of vomitus (i.e., Hexosamine Test); mucopolysaccharide content of vomitus was found more in group A (669.64 μg/ml) in comparison to group B (480.68 μg/ml), as more viscous matter was expelled during ''Vamana''. − − ==== Conclusion ==== − − From the present clinical study, it can be concluded that the method mentioned in the classics are very much beneficial from every point of view in comparison to the method which has been used traditionally as it is very easy, safe, less time-consuming, and clinically as well as statistically the most effective method. ''Madanaphala Pippali'', which was taken in ''Antarnakha Musti Pramana'' (By patient's own hand) in case of the classical method measured about average 13.51 g, which should be mixed in 4:l of ''Yastimadhu'' decoction for proper dilution. So this proportion can be taken as a standard ratio for ''Vamana Karma''. In concern to ''Vaigiki Shuddhi'', it indicates that more no. of ''Vega'' and ''Upavega'' come by the classical method as compared to the traditional methods. Measurements of drug inputs and drug outputs (i.e., vomitus) are necessary as ''Maniki Shuddhi'' may guide towards proper judgment regarding purification and provide some clues regarding the results obtained. By physical analysis of vomited material, “pH” of the vomitus can be used as an indicator to guide oneself towards “end point” (as ''Antiki Shuddhi''). As acidic pH was found in earlier stage and alkaline pH was seen in last stage (i.e., when ''Achcha Pitta'' comes), it may help to cease the ''Vamana'' at particular point. According to ''Laingiki Shuddhi'', more ''Pravara Shuddhi'' is achieved in ''Vamana'' by the classical methods in comparison to traditional methods. However, all the ''Shuddhi'' have equal role in assessing the proportion of purification and predicting any type of result from it. Regarding the duration of ''Vamana'', it can be said that the time taken to complete the ''Vamana'' by the classical method is lesser than the time taken for traditional method. Significant more reduction in FBS and lipid profile test (S. Cholesterol, HDL and S. Triglyceride level) by the classical method (despite of the consumption of a huge amount of Ghee during ''Snehapana'')indicates that classical ''Vamana'' improves the internal homeostasis more easily in comparison to traditional method. By comparing the improvements in the symptoms obtained after ''Vamana'' with the purification done earlier, it can be said that more expulsion of vitiated matter might be there in the classical method in comparison to − </div> − − ==== Tables ==== − − SUBJECT Group A( Classical Method) Group B ( Traditional Method) − Initial dose 810.68ml 678.86 ml − Antar Nakh Mushti 13.51 gm - − Gritayukta Yavagu 279.54 gm - − 1st Vega Initation Time 14.04 min 11.41min − Total No. Of Vega 7.41 6.91 − Total No. Of Upvega 12.41 8.77 − Process Completion 58.36min 64.97min − Pravar Suddhi 68% 27.3% − Total Amount 6080.91ml 5643.64ml − MSI 4.91 28.86 − Specific Gravity 1018.18 1014.54 − PH 5.57 6.23 − − − Action of Virya − − Enters hrdaya Saukshmyaat Vyavaayitvaat Enters Dhamani − − Enters sthula anu srotas Interaction with dosha saṃghāta inside the srtotas UshnaatTaikshnyaat / Vikaasi − − Vicchindana(Dislodging) Vishyandana(Liquification) − − Vicchindana Viśyandana dosha enters Āmāśaya − − “Urdhvam Pravartate” − − Dravya prabhaavaInfluence of udāna vāta − − Influence of Vaayu − − Influence of Agni mahaabhuta − − Dislodged and liquified dosha again enters the Dhamani (prasaarananature) − − Vamaka Vega − Bhaya Snehan and swedan- for 2-3 days shoould be done on last day , gap day & on Vaman day − − Classical method of Vamak- Antarnakha musti praman of madanphana phala pipalli should be soaked in Yashtimadhu ..kovidaar Kashaya overnight and used. − − Nirannam Natisnigdha GritayuktaYavagu − − SvastiVachan and Chanting of‘Mantra − Abhimantrita- Purna Sharav.+ − If No vega Initiation or Hina vega – Mustard paste or Pippali should be used + − Thrust area- in Diabetes Mellitus+ − Ayu. 2013 Jul-Sep; 34(3): 263–269. − doi: 10.4103/0974-8520.123115 − PMCID: PMC3902591 − Comparative study of Vamana and Virechanakarma in controlling blood sugar levels in diabetes mellitus − Nitin Jindal and Nayan P. Joshi1 − It can be summarized that both Vamanaa and Virechana cause marked reduction in FBS and PPBS levels. In early course of disease Samshodhana must be the choice of treatment; as at this stage, patient has dominance of Kapha and Pitta. It seems that Vamana by reducing Kapha and Meda helps to minimize insulin resistance, whereas Virechana by lowering down the hepatic glucose production helps to control blood sugar. As Prameha is an Aanushangivyadhi, neither Vamanaa nor Virechana alone acts as the complete treatment for it. To get definite output regarding specific role of Vamanaa and Virechana on FBS and PPBS, further study is necessary. The present study was carried on a small sample and for a limited time. As it showed encouraging results, further research must be done at a higher level with a large sample with longer duration so that a definite theory can be promulgated. − S.No. Sanskrit Name Classical Name Botanical Name − 1. 'kriq"ik ÏatapuÒpÁ Anethum foeniculum Linn. − 2. dqLrqEcqj Kushtumburu Coriandrum sativum Linn. − 3. rxj Tagar Valerina wallichu D.C. − 4. dq"B KuÒÔha Saussurea leppa C.B.Clarke − 5. Rod~ Tvak Cinnamomrm zeylanicum Breyn − 6. pksjd Coraka Angelica glauca Edgew. − 7. e:od MarÚbaka Mojorana hortensis Moench − 8. vxq: Agaru Aquilaria agallocha Roxb. − 9. xqXxqy Guggulu Commiphora mukul (Hook ex Stocks) − 10. okyqd VÁluka Prunus cerasus Linn. − 11. Jhos"Vd ÏrÍveÒÔaka Pinus roxberghii Sargent. − 12. ekalh MaÉsÍ Nordostachys jatamansi DC − 13. 'kSys;d Ïaileyaka Parmelia perlata Ach. − 14. ljy Sarala Pinus roxburghii Sargent − 15. ikjkorinh PÁrÁvatapadÍ Celastrus paniculatus Willd. − 16. v’kksd jksfg.kh AÐokarohaÆÍ Picrorhiza kurroa Royle.-ex-Benth. − 17. lqeq[k Sumukha Ocimum Sp. − 18. lqjl Surasa Ocimum sanctum Linn. − 19. dqBsjd KuÔeraka Ocimum Sp. − 20. dk.Mhj KaÆdÍra Ranunculus sceleratus Linn. − 21. dkyekyd KÁlamÁlaka Ocimum basilicum Linn. − 22. {kod KÒavaka Centipeda minima (Linn.) A.Br.et. Aschers − 23. Qf.kT>d PhaÆijjhaka Origanum majorana Linn. − 24. x`°ku Géñjana Allium ascalonicum Linn. − 25. dklenZ KÁsamarda Cassia occidentalis Linn. − 26. Hk`axjkt BéÉgarÁja Eclipta alba Hassk. − 27. ysg Leha A pharmaceutical dosage form- confectionery the decoctions are further concentrated to semisolid consistency after adding sweetening and other substances over fire − 28. oeu Vamana Therapeutic emesis. − 29. fojspu Virecana Therapeutic purgation − 30. O;okf; VyavÁyi Quality due to which a substance permeates all over the body before getting digested; caused due to activated Vayu & akash; e.g. Cannabis sativa − 31. v.kq AÆu Small − 32. thewr JÍmÚta Luffa echinata Roxb. − 33. b{okdq IkÒvÁku Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl. − 34. /kkekxZo DhÁmÁrgava Luffa cylindrica (Linn.) M. Roem − 35. dqVt KuÔaja Holarrhena antidysenterica (Linn.) Wall. − 36. Ñros/ku Kétavedhana Luffa acutangula (Linn.) Roxb. − 37. ';kek ÏvÁmÁ Operculina turpethum (Linn.) Silva Manso − 38. f=o`Ùk Trivétta Ipomoea turpethum R. Br. − 39. prqj¯qy CaturaÉgula Cassia fistula Linn. − 40. frYod Tilvaka Viburnum nervosum D.Don. − 41. egko`{k MahÁvékÒa Euphorbia nivulia Buch-Ham. − 42. lIryk SaptalÁ Euphorbia pilosa Linn. − 43. 'kf¦uh ÏaÉkhnÍ Euphorbia drocunculoides Lam. − 44. nUrh DantÍ Balispermum montanum Mull-Arg. − 45. æoUrh DravantÍ Croton liglium Linn. − 46. Hkktu BhÁjana Vessel used for various purposes − 47. tk¯y JÁÉgala arid place − 48. vkuwi ÀnÚpa marshy lands − 49. dnj Kadara Acacia suma Buch-Ham − 50. 0 [kfnj Khadira Acacia catechu Willd − 51. vlu Asana Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. − 52. v’od.kZ AÐvavarÆa Dipterocarpus alactus Roxb. − 53. /ko Dhava Anogeissus latifolia Wall. − 54. frfu’k TiniÐa Ougenia oojeinensis Roxb. − 55. 'kYydh ÏallakÍ Buswellia serata Roxb. − 56. lky SÁla Shorea robusta Gaertn. − 57. lkseogd Somavalka Acacia suma Buch-Ham. − 58. cnjh Badari Zizyphus jujube Lam. − 59. frUnqd Tinduka Diospyrus melanoxylon Roxb. − 60. v’oFk AÐvatha Ficus religiosa Linn. − 61. oV VaÔa Ficus bengalensix Linn. − 62. vkeyd Àmalaka Emblica officinalis Gaertn. − 63. 'keh ÏamÍ Prosopis specigera Linn. − 64. ddqHk Kakubha Terminalia arjuna W.& A. − 65. f’ka’kik ÏiÉÐapÁ Dalbergia sissoo roxb. − 66. [kj Khara Rough tongue − 67. fldrk SikatÁ Urine with sand like substance − 68. yko LÁva Common Quail − 69. frfÙkj Tittira Partridge − 70. pdksj Cakora A kind of birds − 71. fgUrky HintÁla Phoenix paludosa Roxb. − 72. reky TamÁla Nicotiana tobacum Linn. − 73. ukfjdsy NÁrikela Cocos nucifera Linn. − 74. dnyh KadalÍ Musa paradisiaca Linn. − 75. o°kqy Vañjula Salix tetrasperma Roxb. − 76. okuhj VÁnÍra Salix caprea Linn. − 77. fudq°k Nikuñja Contraction of skin − 78. r: Taru Synonym of the plant − 79. gal HaÉsa Swana − 80. pØokd CakravÁka Ruddly Sheldrake − 81. cykd BalÁka Crane − 82. uUnheq[k NandÍmukha Flamingo − 83. iq.Mjhd PuÆÕarÍka Colour of white lotus − 84. dknEc KÁdamba Grey leg goose − 85. 'kri= Ïatapatra black wood pecker − 86. dksfdy Kokila Koel − 87. foVi ViÔapa Tree − 88. dq’k KuÐa Desmostochya bipinnata Stapf. − 89. jksfg"k RohiÒa Cymbopogon matlini (Roxb.) Wats. − 90. lqjk SurÁ A kind of alcoholic preparation − 91. lkSohjd SauvÍraka The acidic fermented liquid obtained from wheat − 92. rq"kksnd TuÒodaka Preparation of Kañji involving yava along with raw husk − 93. eSjs; Maireya The finished product obtained by allowing for further fermentation/maturation after mixing the asav and sura in equal proportions − 94. esnd Medaka One of the dietary items and preparation in Ayurveda − 95. e`}hd MédvikÁ Vitis vinifera Linn. − 96. vkeyd Àmalaka Emblica officinals Gaertn − 97. e/kq Madhu Honey − 98. e/kqd Madhuka Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn. − 99. i:"kd ParÚÒaka Grewia asiatica Linn. − 100. Qkf.kr PhÁÆita Half cooked molassas − 101. ik.Mw PÁÆdu Anemia − 102. ;o Yava Hordeum vulgare Linn. − 103. rq"k TuÒa The chaff of graim or corn or rice − 104. ek"k MÁÒa Phaseolus mungo Linn. − 105. 'kkfy Ïali Oryza sativa Linn. − 106. dqyRFk Kulattha Dolichus biflorus Linn. − 107. eqå Mudga Phaseolus radiates Linn. − 108. fry Tila Sesamum indicum Linn. − 109. ;f"Ve/kq YaÒÔimadhu Glycyrrtiza glabra Linn. − 110. dksfonkj KovidÁra Bauhinia purpurea Linn. − 111. dcqZnkj KarbudÁra Bauhinia variegate Linn. − 112. uhi Nipa Anthocephalus indicus A. Rich. − 113. fonqy Vidula Barringtonia acutangula (Linn.) Gaertn − 114. fcEoh BimbÍ Caccinia indica W & A. − 115. 'k.kiq"ih ÏaÆapuÒpÍ Crotalaria juncea Linn. − 116. lnkiq"ih SadÁpuÒpÍ Calotropis procera (Ait) R. Br. − 117. izR;d~iq"ih PratyakpuÒpÍ Achyranthes aspera Linn. − 118. fiIiyh PippalÍ Piper longum Linn. − 119. l"kZi SarÒapa Brassica compestris Linn. Var-Sarson Prain − 120. opk VacÁ Acorus calamus Linn. − 121. gjhrdh HarÍtakÍ Terminalian chebula Retx. − 122. foHkhrdh VibhÍtakÍ Terminalia bellirica Roxb. − 123. HkYykrd BhallÁtaka Semecarpus anacardium Linn. − 124. o`{kd VékÒaka Holarrhena antidysenterica (Linn.) Wall − 125. Loknqd.Vd SvÁtukaÆÔaka Tribulus terrestris Linn. − 126. ikBk PÁÔhÁ Cissompelos pareira Linn. − 127. ikVyk PÁtalÁ Stereospermum suaveoleus DC − 128. 'kk¯sZ"Vk ÏÁrañgeÒtÁ Abrus precatorius Linn. − 129. ewokZ MÚrvÁ Marsdenia tenacissma W. & A. − 130. lIri.kZ SaptparÆa Alstonia scholarix R.Br. − 131. uDreky NaktamÁla Pongamia pinnata Pierre − 132. fipqinZ Picumarda Azadirachta indica A.Juss. − 133. iVksy Patola Trichosanthes dioica Roxb. − 134. lq"koh SuÒavÍ Momordia charantia Linn. − 135. xqMwph GudÚcÍ Tinospora cordifolia Willd Miers ex Hook − 136. lkseoYd Somavalka Acacia suma Buch. − 137. }hfidk DvÍpikÁ Capparis sepiaria Linn. − 138. fp=d Citraka Plumbago zeylonica Linn. − 139. 'k`¯osj Ségvera Zingiber officinala Roxb. − 140. ,yk ElÁ Elettaria cordamomum Maton
→Kalpa Sthana Chapter 1, Chapter on formulations of Madanaphala
tatra dōṣaharaṇamūrdhvabhāgaṁ Vamanasañjñakam, adhōbhāgaṁ virēcanasañjñakam; ubhayaṁ vāśarīramalavirēcanādvirēcanasañjñāṁ labhatē||4||
tatra dōṣaharaṇamūrdhvabhāgaṁ Vamanasañjñakam, adhōbhāgaṁ virēcanasañjñakam; ubhayaṁ vāśarīramalavirēcanādvirēcanasañjñāṁ labhatē||4||
tatra doShaharaNamUrdhvabhAgaM vamanasa~jj~jakam, adhobhAgaM virecanasa~jj~jakam; ubhayaM vA sharIramalavirecanAdvirecanasa~jj~jAM labhate||4||
Of all drugs, those that eliminate impurities from the upper part are known as emetics while those that act via the lower part are called purgatives. Or (broadly), both are collectively termed as evacuatives (or purgatives) because of their purging out excrement from the body. [4]
Of all drugs, those that eliminate impurities from the upper part are known as emetics while those that act via the lower part are called purgatives. Or (broadly), both are collectively termed as evacuatives (or purgatives) because of their purging out excrement from the body. [4]
tatrōṣṇa-tīkṣṇa-sūkṣma-vyavāyi-vikāśīnyauṣadhāni svavīryēṇa hr̥dayamupētya dhamanīranusr̥tya sthūlāṇusrōtōbhyaḥ kēvalaṁ śarīragataṁdōṣasaṅghātamāgnēyatvād viṣyandayanti, taikṣṇyād vicchindanti, sa vicchinnaḥ pariplavan [1] snēhabhāvitē kāyē snēhāktabhājanasthamivakṣaudramasajjannaṇupravaṇabhāvādāmāśayamāgamyōdānapraṇunnō'
tatrōṣṇa-tīkṣṇa-sūkṣma-vyavāyi-vikāśīnyauṣadhāni svavīryēṇa hr̥dayamupētya dhamanīranusr̥tya sthūlāṇusrōtōbhyaḥ kēvalaṁ śarīragataṁdōṣasaṅghātamāgnēyatvād viṣyandayanti, taikṣṇyād vicchindanti, sa vicchinnaḥ pariplavan [1] snēhabhāvitē kāyē snēhāktabhājanasthamivakṣaudramasajjannaṇupravaṇabhāvādāmāśayamāgamyōdānapraṇunnō'
gnivāyvātmakatvādūrdhvabhāgaprabhāvādauṣadhasyōrdhvamutkṣipyatē,salilapr̥thivyātmakatvādadhōbhāgaprabhāvāccauṣadhasyādhaḥ pravartatē, ubhayataścōbhayaguṇatvāt| iti lakṣaṇōddēśaḥ||5||
gnivāyvātmakatvādūrdhvabhāgaprabhāvādauṣadhasyōrdhvamutkṣipyatē,salilapr̥thivyātmakatvādadhōbhāgaprabhāvāccauṣadhasyādhaḥ pravartatē, ubhayataścōbhayaguṇatvāt| iti lakṣaṇōddēśaḥ||5||
tatroShNa-tIkShNa-sUkShma-vyavAyi-vikAshInyauShadhAni svavIryeNa hRudayamupetya dhamanIranusRutya sthUlANusrotobhyaH kevalaM sharIragataMdoShasa~gghAtamAgneyatvAd viShyandayanti, taikShNyAd vicchindanti, sa vicchinnaH pariplavan [1] snehabhAvite kAye snehAktabhAjanasthamivakShaudramasajjannaNupravaNabhAvAdAmAshayamAgamyodAnapraNunno~agnivAyvAtmakatvAdUrdhvabhAgaprabhAvAdauShadhasyordhvamutkShipyate,salilapRuthivyAtmakatvAdadhobhAgaprabhAvAccauShadhasyAdhaH pravartate, ubhayatashcobhayaguNatvAt|
iti lakShaNoddeshaH||5||
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tatra phala-jīmūtakēkṣvāku-dhāmārgava-kuṭaja-kr̥tavēdhanānāṁ, śyāmā-trivr̥ccaturaṅgula-tilvaka-mahāvr̥kṣa-saptalā-śaṅkhinī-dantī-dravantīnāṁ ca, nānāvidhadēśakālasambhavāsvāda-rasa-vīrya-vipāka-prabhāvagrahaṇād dēha-dōṣa-prakr̥ti-vayō-balāgni-bhakti-sātmya-rōgāvasthādīnāṁnānāprabhāvavattvācca, vicitragandha-varṇa-rasa-sparśānāmupayōgasukhārthamasaṅkhyēyasaṁyōgānāmapi ca satāṁ dravyāṇāṁvikalpamārgōpadarśanārthaṁ ṣaḍvirēcanayōgaśatāni vyākhyāsyāmaḥ||6||
tatra phala-jīmūtakēkṣvāku-dhāmārgava-kuṭaja-kr̥tavēdhanānāṁ, śyāmā-trivr̥ccaturaṅgula-tilvaka-mahāvr̥kṣa-saptalā-śaṅkhinī-dantī-dravantīnāṁ ca, nānāvidhadēśakālasambhavāsvāda-rasa-vīrya-vipāka-prabhāvagrahaṇād dēha-dōṣa-prakr̥ti-vayō-balāgni-bhakti-sātmya-rōgāvasthādīnāṁnānāprabhāvavattvācca, vicitragandha-varṇa-rasa-sparśānāmupayōgasukhārthamasaṅkhyēyasaṁyōgānāmapi ca satāṁ dravyāṇāṁvikalpamārgōpadarśanārthaṁ ṣaḍvirēcanayōgaśatāni vyākhyāsyāmaḥ||6||
tatra phala-jImUtakekShvAku-dhAmArgava-kuTaja-kRutavedhanAnAM, shyAmA-trivRuccatura~ggula-tilvaka-mahAvRukSha-saptalA-sha~gkhinI-dantI-dravantInAMca, nAnAvidhadeshakAlasambhavAsvAda-rasa-vIrya-vipAka-prabhAvagrahaNAd [1] deha-doSha-prakRuti-vayo-balAgni-bhakti-sAtmya-rogAvasthAdInAMnAnAprabhAvavattvAcca [2] , vicitragandha-varNa-rasa-sparshAnAmupayogasukhArthamasa~gkhyeyasaMyogAnAmapi [3] ca satAM dravyANAMvikalpamArgopadarshanArthaM ShaDvirecanayogashatAni vyAkhyAsyAmaH||6||
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tāni tu dravyāṇi dēśa-kāla-guṇa-bhājana-sampadvīryabalādhānāt kriyāsamarthatamāni bhavanti||7||
tāni tu dravyāṇi dēśa-kāla-guṇa-bhājana-sampadvīryabalādhānāt kriyāsamarthatamāni bhavanti||7||
tAni tu dravyANi desha-kAla-guNa-bhAjana-sampadvIryabalAdhAnAt kriyAsamarthatamAni bhavanti||7||
These drugs are the most potent when they are exposed to the most suitable of place, time, properties and containers. [7]
These drugs are the most potent when they are exposed to the most suitable of place, time, properties and containers. [7]
trividhaḥ khalu dēśaḥ- jāṅgalaḥ, ānūpaḥ, sādhāraṇaścēti|
trividhaḥ khalu dēśaḥ- jāṅgalaḥ, ānūpaḥ, sādhāraṇaścēti|
tatra jāṅgalaḥ paryākāśabhūyiṣṭhaḥ, tarubhirapi ca kadara-khadirāsanāśvakarṇa-dhava-tiniśa-śallakī-sāla-sōmavalka-badarī-tindukāśvattha-vaṭāmalakīvanagahanaḥ, anēkaśamī-kakubha-śiṁśapāprāyaḥ,sthiraśuṣkapavanabalavidhūyamānapranr̥tyattaruṇaviṭapaḥ, pratatamr̥gatr̥ṣṇikōpagūḍhatanukharaparuṣasikatāśarkarābahulaḥ, lāvatittiricakōrānucaritabhūmibhāgaḥ,vātapittabahulaḥ, sthirakaṭhinamanuṣyaprāyō jñēyaḥ, athānūpō hintālatamālanārikēlakadalīvanagahanaḥ,saritsamudraparyantaprāyaḥ, śiśirapavanabahulaḥ, vañjulavānīrōpaśōbhitatīrābhiḥsaridbhirupagatabhūmibhāgaḥ, kṣitidharanikuñjōpaśōbhitaḥ, mandapavanānuvījitakṣitiruhagahanaḥ,anēkavanarājīpuṣpitavanagahanabhūmibhāgaḥ, snigdhatarupratānōpagūḍhaḥ, haṁsa-cakravāka-balākā-nandīmukha-puṇḍarīka-kādamba-madgu -bhr̥ṅgarāja-śatapatra-mattakōkilānunāditataruviṭapaḥ, sukumārapuruṣaḥ, pavanakaphaprāyō jñēyaḥ; anayōrēvadvayōrdēśayōrvīrudvanaspativānaspatyaśakunimr̥gagaṇayutaḥsthirasukumārabalavarṇasaṁhananōpapannasādhāraṇaguṇayuktapuruṣaḥ sādhāraṇō jñēyaḥ||8||
tatra jāṅgalaḥ paryākāśabhūyiṣṭhaḥ, tarubhirapi ca kadara-khadirāsanāśvakarṇa-dhava-tiniśa-śallakī-sāla-sōmavalka-badarī-tindukāśvattha-vaṭāmalakīvanagahanaḥ, anēkaśamī-kakubha-śiṁśapāprāyaḥ,sthiraśuṣkapavanabalavidhūyamānapranr̥tyattaruṇaviṭapaḥ, pratatamr̥gatr̥ṣṇikōpagūḍhatanukharaparuṣasikatāśarkarābahulaḥ, lāvatittiricakōrānucaritabhūmibhāgaḥ,vātapittabahulaḥ, sthirakaṭhinamanuṣyaprāyō jñēyaḥ, athānūpō hintālatamālanārikēlakadalīvanagahanaḥ,saritsamudraparyantaprāyaḥ, śiśirapavanabahulaḥ, vañjulavānīrōpaśōbhitatīrābhiḥsaridbhirupagatabhūmibhāgaḥ, kṣitidharanikuñjōpaśōbhitaḥ, mandapavanānuvījitakṣitiruhagahanaḥ,anēkavanarājīpuṣpitavanagahanabhūmibhāgaḥ, snigdhatarupratānōpagūḍhaḥ, haṁsa-cakravāka-balākā-nandīmukha-puṇḍarīka-kādamba-madgu -bhr̥ṅgarāja-śatapatra-mattakōkilānunāditataruviṭapaḥ, sukumārapuruṣaḥ, pavanakaphaprāyō jñēyaḥ; anayōrēvadvayōrdēśayōrvīrudvanaspativānaspatyaśakunimr̥gagaṇayutaḥsthirasukumārabalavarṇasaṁhananōpapannasādhāraṇaguṇayuktapuruṣaḥ sādhāraṇō jñēyaḥ||8||
trividhaH khalu deshaH- jA~ggalaH, AnUpaH, sAdhAraNashceti|
tatra jA~ggalaH paryAkAshabhUyiShThaH, tarubhirapi ca kadara-khadirAsanAshvakarNa-dhava-tinisha-shallakI-sAla-somavalka-badarI-tindukAshvattha-vaTAmalakIvanagahanaH, anekashamI-kakubha-shiMshapAprAyaH, sthirashuShkapavanabalavidhUyamAnapranRutyattaruNaviTapaH,pratatamRugatRuShNikopagUDhatanukharaparuShasikatAsharkarAbahulaH, lAvatittiricakorAnucaritabhUmibhAgaH, vAtapittabahulaH, sthirakaThinamanuShyaprAyoj~jeyaH, athAnUpo hintAlatamAlanArikelakadalIvanagahanaH, saritsamudraparyantaprAyaH, shishirapavanabahulaH, va~jjulavAnIropashobhitatIrAbhiHsaridbhirupagatabhUmibhAgaH, kShitidharaniku~jjopashobhitaH, mandapavanAnuvIjitakShitiruhagahanaH, anekavanarAjIpuShpitavanagahanabhUmibhAgaH,snigdhatarupratAnopagUDhaH, haMsa-cakravAka-balAkA-nandImukha-puNDarIka-kAdamba-madgu [1] -bhRu~ggarAja-shatapatra-mattakokilAnunAditataruviTapaH,sukumArapuruShaH, pavanakaphaprAyo j~jeyaH; anayoreva dvayordeshayorvIrudvanaspativAnaspatyashakunimRugagaNayutaHsthirasukumArabalavarNasaMhananopapannasAdhAraNaguNayuktapuruShaH sAdhAraNo j~jeyaH||8||
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tatra dēśē sādhāraṇē jāṅgalē vā yathākālaṁ śiśirātapapavanasalilasēvitē samē śucau pradakṣiṇōdakēśmaśāna-caitya-dēvayajanāgāra-sabhā-śvabhrārāma-valmīkōṣaravirahitē kuśarōhiṣāstīrṇēsnigdhakr̥ṣṇamadhuramr̥ttikē suvarṇavarṇamadhuramr̥ttikē vāmr̥dāvaphālakr̥ṣṭē'nupahatē'nyairbalavattarairdrumairauṣadhāni jātāni praśasyantē||9|
tatra dēśē sādhāraṇē jāṅgalē vā yathākālaṁ śiśirātapapavanasalilasēvitē samē śucau pradakṣiṇōdakēśmaśāna-caitya-dēvayajanāgāra-sabhā-śvabhrārāma-valmīkōṣaravirahitē kuśarōhiṣāstīrṇēsnigdhakr̥ṣṇamadhuramr̥ttikē suvarṇavarṇamadhuramr̥ttikē vāmr̥dāvaphālakr̥ṣṭē'nupahatē'nyairbalavattarairdrumairauṣadhāni jātāni praśasyantē||9|
tatra deshe sAdhAraNe jA~ggale vA yathAkAlaM shishirAtapapavanasalilasevite same shucau pradakShiNodake shmashAna-caitya-devayajanAgAra-sabhA-shvabhrArAma-valmIkoSharavirahite kusharohiShAstIrNe snigdhakRuShNamadhuramRuttike suvarNavarNamadhuramRuttike vAmRudAvaphAlakRuShTe~anupahate~anyairbalavattarairdrumairauShadhAni jAtAni prashasyante||9||
Medicinal plants grown in medium or arid zones, nourished timely with cold, sun (heat), air and water, even, clean, with facilities of water, except cremation ground, sacred place, temple, meeting place, ditch, orchard, ant-hills and barren land, covered with ''kusha'' and ''rohisha'' plants, having unctuous, black, sweet or golden sweet soil, soft, unploughed,and unaffected by other stronger plants are recommended (for us). [9]
Medicinal plants grown in medium or arid zones, nourished timely with cold, sun (heat), air and water, even, clean, with facilities of water, except cremation ground, sacred place, temple, meeting place, ditch, orchard, ant-hills and barren land, covered with ''kusha'' and ''rohisha'' plants, having unctuous, black, sweet or golden sweet soil, soft, unploughed,and unaffected by other stronger plants are recommended (for us). [9]
tatra yāni kālajātānyupāgatasampūrṇapramāṇa-rasavīrya-gandhāni kālātapāgnisalilapavanajantubhiranupahatagandha-varṇa-rasa-sparśa-prabhāvāṇi pratyagrāṇyudīcyāṁdiśi sthitāni; tēṣāṁ śākhāpalāśamaciraprarūḍhaṁ varṣāvasantayōrgrāhyaṁ, grīṣmē mūlāni śiśirē vāśīrṇaprarūḍhaparṇānāṁ, śaradi tvakkandakṣīrāṇi, hēmantē sārāṇ,yathartu puṣpaphalamiti;maṅgalācāraḥ kalyāṇavr̥ttaḥ śuciḥ śuklavāsāḥ sampūjya dēvatā aśvinau gōbrāhmaṇāṁśca kr̥tōpavāsaḥprāṅmukha udaṅmukhō vā gr̥hṇīyāt||10||
tatra yāni kālajātānyupāgatasampūrṇapramāṇa-rasavīrya-gandhāni kālātapāgnisalilapavanajantubhiranupahatagandha-varṇa-rasa-sparśa-prabhāvāṇi pratyagrāṇyudīcyāṁdiśi sthitāni; tēṣāṁ śākhāpalāśamaciraprarūḍhaṁ varṣāvasantayōrgrāhyaṁ, grīṣmē mūlāni śiśirē vāśīrṇaprarūḍhaparṇānāṁ, śaradi tvakkandakṣīrāṇi, hēmantē sārāṇ,yathartu puṣpaphalamiti;maṅgalācāraḥ kalyāṇavr̥ttaḥ śuciḥ śuklavāsāḥ sampūjya dēvatā aśvinau gōbrāhmaṇāṁśca kr̥tōpavāsaḥprāṅmukha udaṅmukhō vā gr̥hṇīyāt||10||
tatra yAni kAlajAtAnyupAgatasampUrNapramANa-rasavIrya-gandhAni [1] kAlAtapAgnisalilapavanajantubhiranupahatagandha-varNa-rasa-sparsha-prabhAvANipratyagrANyudIcyAM dishi sthitAni; teShAM shAkhApalAshamaciraprarUDhaM varShAvasantayorgrAhyaM, grIShme mUlAni shishire vA shIrNaprarUDhaparNAnAM,sharadi tvakkandakShIrANi, hemante sArANi, yathartu puShpaphalamiti; ma~ggalAcAraH kalyANavRuttaH shuciH shuklavAsAH sampUjya devatA ashvinaugobrAhmaNAMshca kRutopavAsaH prA~gmukha uda~gmukho vA gRuhNIyAt||10||
Of all medicinal plants, those that are grown in time (proper season), grow mature with taste, potency and smell; have smell, color, taste, touch and efficacy unaffected by time, sun, fire, water, air and organisms, are fresh and situated in northern direction (should be collected). Their branches and leaves should be collected in rainy seasons and when those plants are fully matured; bark, tubers and latex should be collected in autumn; heartwood in early winter and flowers and fruits according to their season. These should be collected by one with auspicious behavior, benevolent conduct, cleanliness and white dress after worshiping, observing fast and facing toward east or north. [10]
Of all medicinal plants, those that are grown in time (proper season), grow mature with taste, potency and smell; have smell, color, taste, touch and efficacy unaffected by time, sun, fire, water, air and organisms, are fresh and situated in northern direction (should be collected). Their branches and leaves should be collected in rainy seasons and when those plants are fully matured; bark, tubers and latex should be collected in autumn; heartwood in early winter and flowers and fruits according to their season. These should be collected by one with auspicious behavior, benevolent conduct, cleanliness and white dress after worshiping, observing fast and facing toward east or north. [10]
gr̥hītvā cānurūpaguṇavadbhājanasthānyāgārēṣū prāgudagdvārēṣu nivātapravātaikadēśēṣunityapuṣpōpahārabalikarmavatsu, agni-salilōpasvēda-dhūma-rajō-mūṣaka-catuṣpadāmanabhigamanīyānisvavacchannāni śikyēṣvāsajya sthāpayēt||11||
gr̥hītvā cānurūpaguṇavadbhājanasthānyāgārēṣū prāgudagdvārēṣu nivātapravātaikadēśēṣunityapuṣpōpahārabalikarmavatsu, agni-salilōpasvēda-dhūma-rajō-mūṣaka-catuṣpadāmanabhigamanīyānisvavacchannāni śikyēṣvāsajya sthāpayēt||11||
gRuhItvA cAnurUpaguNavadbhAjanasthAnyAgAreShU [1] prAgudagdvAreShu nivAtapravAtaikadesheShu nityapuShpopahArabalikarmavatsu, agni-salilopasveda-dhUma-rajo-mUShaka-catuShpadAmanabhigamanIyAni svavacchannAni shikyeShvAsajya sthApayet||11||
After collecting the plant extracts, they should be kept in suitable containers and stored in rooms facing eastward or northward, devoid of wind but well ventilated , and daily ritualized with offering of flower and other things, holding them up in a swing of rope well-covered and making them unapproachable for fire, water, humidity, smoke, dust, rats and quadrupeds. [11]
After collecting the plant extracts, they should be kept in suitable containers and stored in rooms facing eastward or northward, devoid of wind but well ventilated , and daily ritualized with offering of flower and other things, holding them up in a swing of rope well-covered and making them unapproachable for fire, water, humidity, smoke, dust, rats and quadrupeds. [11]
tāni ca yathādōṣaṁ prayuñjīta surā-sauvīraka-tuṣōdaka-mairēya-mēdaka-dhānyāmla -phalāmla-dadhyamlādibhirvātē, mr̥dvīkāmalaka -madhu-madhuka-parūṣaka-phāṇitakṣīrādibhiḥ pittē, ślēṣmaṇi tumadhu-mūtra- kaṣāyādibhirbhāvitānyālōḍitāni ca; ityuddēśaḥ| taṁ vistarēṇa dravya-dēha-dōṣa-sātmyādīni pravibhajya vyākhyāsyāmaḥ||12||
tāni ca yathādōṣaṁ prayuñjīta surā-sauvīraka-tuṣōdaka-mairēya-mēdaka-dhānyāmla -phalāmla-dadhyamlādibhirvātē, mr̥dvīkāmalaka -madhu-madhuka-parūṣaka-phāṇitakṣīrādibhiḥ pittē, ślēṣmaṇi tumadhu-mūtra- kaṣāyādibhirbhāvitānyālōḍitāni ca; ityuddēśaḥ| taṁ vistarēṇa dravya-dēha-dōṣa-sātmyādīni pravibhajya vyākhyāsyāmaḥ||12||
tAni ca yathAdoShaM prayu~jjIta surA-sauvIraka-tuShodaka-maireya-medaka-dhAnyAmla [1] -phalAmla-dadhyamlAdibhirvAte, mRudvIkAmalaka [2] -madhu-madhuka-parUShaka-phANitakShIrAdibhiH pitte, shleShmaNi tu madhu-mUtra-kaShAyAdibhirbhAvitAnyAloDitAni ca; ityuddeshaH|
taM vistareNa dravya-deha-doSha-sAtmyAdIni [3] pravibhajya vyAkhyAsyAmaH||12||
These (drugs) should be administered according to the relevant ''dosha'', with an appropriate vehicle/medium such as wine, ''Sauviraka, Tusodaka, Maireya, Medaka,'' ''Dhanyamla, Phalamla,'' sour curd, etc. in ''vata''; grapes, ''Amalaka'', honey, ''Madhuka, Parusaka, Phanita,'' milk etc. in ''pitta'' and in ''kapha'' impregnated with or dissolved in honey, urine and decoction etc. This is in a nutshell. This will be explained further in details according to drugs, body, morbidity, suitability etc. [12]
These (drugs) should be administered according to the relevant ''dosha'', with an appropriate vehicle/medium such as wine, ''Sauviraka, Tusodaka, Maireya, Medaka,'' ''Dhanyamla, Phalamla,'' sour curd, etc. in ''vata''; grapes, ''Amalaka'', honey, ''Madhuka, Parusaka, Phanita,'' milk etc. in ''pitta'' and in ''kapha'' impregnated with or dissolved in honey, urine and decoction etc. This is in a nutshell. This will be explained further in details according to drugs, body, morbidity, suitability etc. [12]
tāsāṁ ghr̥tadadhimadhupalalavimr̥ditānāṁ punaḥ śuṣkāṇāṁ navaṁ kalaśaṁsupramr̥ṣṭavālukamarajaskamākaṇṭhaṁ pūrayitvā svavacchannaṁ svanuguptaṁ śikyēṣvāsajya samyaksthāpayēt||13||
tāsāṁ ghr̥tadadhimadhupalalavimr̥ditānāṁ punaḥ śuṣkāṇāṁ navaṁ kalaśaṁsupramr̥ṣṭavālukamarajaskamākaṇṭhaṁ pūrayitvā svavacchannaṁ svanuguptaṁ śikyēṣvāsajya samyaksthāpayēt||13||
vamanadravyANAM madanaphalAni shreShThatamAnyAcakShate, anapAyitvAt|
tAni vasantagrIShmayorantare [1] puShyAshvayugbhyAM mRugashirasA vA gRuhNIyAnmaitre muhUrte|
yAni pakvAnyakANAnyaharitAni pANDUnyakrimINyapUtInyajantujagdhAnyahrasvAni; tAni pramRujya [2] , kushapuTe baddhvA, gomayenAlipya,yavatu(bu)ShamAShashAlikulatthamudgapalAnAmanyatame [3] nidadhyAdaShTarAtram|
ata UrdhvaM mRudUbhUtAni madhviShTagandhAnyuddhRutya shoShayet|
sushuShkANAM phalapippalIruddharet [4] |
tAsAM ghRutadadhimadhupalalavimRuditAnAM punaH shuShkANAM navaM kalashaM supramRuShTavAlukamarajaskamAkaNThaM pUrayitvA svavacchannaMsvanuguptaM shikyeShvAsajya [5] samyak sthApayet||13||
Of all the emetic drugs, ''Madana'' fruits are regarded as the best ones because they are free from complications. These should be collected during the period of transition between spring and summer in ''Pusya, Aswini'' or ''Mrigasiras'' constellation and ''Maitra Muhurta''. Those which are ripe, undamaged, non-green, of pale color, free organisms, under-composed, uneaten by animals, not too small (immature) should be taken. Having been washed, wrapped within ''Kusa'' grass and pasted with fresh cow-dung they should be stored for eight days in the heap of one of the following-barley husk, black gram, ''Sali'' rice, horse gram and green gram. Thereafter when they are softened and develop good honey-like aroma they should be taken out and dried (in the sun). When they are well-dried, their pepper-like seeds should be mixed gently with ghee, curd, honey and sesamum paste and again dried. Finally they should be filled up in a new earthen pitcher, well-cleaned and dustless, up to neck and placed well on a swing of rope well-covered and well-protected. [13]
Of all the emetic drugs, ''Madana'' fruits are regarded as the best ones because they are free from complications. These should be collected during the period of transition between spring and summer in ''Pusya, Aswini'' or ''Mrigasiras'' constellation and ''Maitra Muhurta''. Those which are ripe, undamaged, non-green, of pale color, free organisms, under-composed, uneaten by animals, not too small (immature) should be taken. Having been washed, wrapped within ''Kusa'' grass and pasted with fresh cow-dung they should be stored for eight days in the heap of one of the following-barley husk, black gram, ''Sali'' rice, horse gram and green gram. Thereafter when they are softened and develop good honey-like aroma they should be taken out and dried (in the sun). When they are well-dried, their pepper-like seeds should be mixed gently with ghee, curd, honey and sesamum paste and again dried. Finally they should be filled up in a new earthen pitcher, well-cleaned and dustless, up to neck and placed well on a swing of rope well-covered and well-protected. [13]
ityēvamabhimantryōdaṅmukhaṁ prāṅmukhaṁ vā''turaṁ pāyayēcchlēṣmajvaragulmapratiśyāyārtaṁviśēṣēṇa punaḥ punarāpittāgamanāt, tēna sādhu vamati; hīnavēgaṁ tu pippalyāmalaka-sarṣapa-vacākalkalavaṇōṣṇōdakaiḥ punaḥ punaḥ pravartayēdāpittadarśanāt|
ityēvamabhimantryōdaṅmukhaṁ prāṅmukhaṁ vā''turaṁ pāyayēcchlēṣmajvaragulmapratiśyāyārtaṁviśēṣēṇa punaḥ punarāpittāgamanāt, tēna sādhu vamati; hīnavēgaṁ tu pippalyāmalaka-sarṣapa-vacākalkalavaṇōṣṇōdakaiḥ punaḥ punaḥ pravartayēdāpittadarśanāt|
ityēṣa sarvaśchardanayōgavidhiḥ||14||
ityēṣa sarvaśchardanayōgavidhiḥ||14||
atha cchardanIyamAturaM dvyahaM tryahaM vA snehasvedopapannaM shvashchardayitavyamiti grAmyAnUpaudakamAMsarasa-kShIra-dadhi-mASha-tila-shAkAdibhiH samutkleshitashleShmANaM vyuShitaM jIrNAhAraM pUrvAhNe kRutabalihomama~ggalaprAyashcittaM nirannamanatisnigdhaM yavAgvA ghRutamAtrAMpItavantaM, tAsAM phalapippalInAmantarnakhamuShTiM yAvadvA sAdhu manyeta jarjarIkRutya yaShTimadhukaShAyeNa kovidAra-karbudAra-nIpa-vidula-bimbI-shaNapuShpI-sadApuShpI-pratyakpuShpI-kaShAyANAmanyatamena vA rAtrimuShitaM vimRudya pUtaM madhusaindhavayuktaM sukhoShNaM kRutvA pUrNaMsharAvaM mantreNAnenAbhimantrayet-
‘OM brahmadakShAshvirudrendrabhUcandrArkAnilAnalAH|
RuShayaH sauShadhigrAmA bhUtasa~gghAshca pAntu te|
rasAyanamivarShINAM devAnAmamRutaM yathA|
sudhevottamanAgAnAM bhaiShajyamidamastu te’|
ityevamabhimantryoda~gmukhaM prA~gmukhaM vA~a~aturaM pAyayecchleShmajvaragulmapratishyAyArtaM visheSheNa punaH punarApittAgamanAt, tena sAdhuvamati; hInavegaM tu pippalyAmalaka-sarShapa-vacAkalkalavaNoShNodakaiH punaH punaH pravartayedApittadarshanAt|
ityeSha sarvashchardanayogavidhiH||14||
<div style="text-align:justify;">The patient, the subject of emesis, having been administered with unction and sudation for two or three days, should be fed meat soups of domestic, marshy and aquatic animals, milk, curd, black gram, sesamum, vegetable etc. in the night prior to emesis, in order to excite ''kapha''. Next day when the previous food is digested, in the forenoon, after performing offering, oblations, auspicious and expiatory rites, he should take a dose of ghee along with gruel (on an empty stomach) that may not be very smooth or greasy. The physician should take one closed fist sized dosage of seeds of ''Madanaphala'', pound them and impregnate them with a decoction of ''Yastimadhu'' or one of these-''Kovidara, Karbudara, Nipa, Vidula, Bimbi, Sanapuspi'' and ''Prayakpuspi''-for the whole (previous) night. In the morning, this mix should be pressed and filtered, added with honey and rock salt and heated slightly. The cup filled with the drug should be enchanted with the following hymn:-
<div style="text-align:justify;">The patient, the subject of emesis, having been administered with unction and sudation for two or three days, should be fed meat soups of domestic, marshy and aquatic animals, milk, curd, black gram, sesamum, vegetable etc. in the night prior to emesis, in order to excite ''kapha''. Next day when the previous food is digested, in the forenoon, after performing offering, oblations, auspicious and expiatory rites, he should take a dose of ghee along with gruel (on an empty stomach) that may not be very smooth or greasy. The physician should take one closed fist sized dosage of seeds of ''Madanaphala'', pound them and impregnate them with a decoction of ''Yastimadhu'' or one of these-''Kovidara, Karbudara, Nipa, Vidula, Bimbi, Sanapuspi'' and ''Prayakpuspi''-for the whole (previous) night. In the morning, this mix should be pressed and filtered, added with honey and rock salt and heated slightly. The cup filled with the drug should be enchanted with the following hymn:-
na cōṣṇavirōdhō madhunaśchardanayōgayuktasya, avipakvapratyāgamanāddōṣanirharaṇācca||15||
na cōṣṇavirōdhō madhunaśchardanayōgayuktasya, avipakvapratyāgamanāddōṣanirharaṇācca||15||
sarveShu tu madhusaindhavaM kaphavilayanacchedArthaM vamaneShu vidadhyAt|
na coShNavirodho madhunashchardanayogayuktasya, avipakvapratyAgamanAddoShanirharaNAcca||15||
In all emetic formulations, honey and rock salt should be added for liquefying ''kapha'' (mucus). There is no adverse reaction of honey to heat when added to an emetic formulation as it returns back without digestion and helps in the elimination of impurity. [15]
In all emetic formulations, honey and rock salt should be added for liquefying ''kapha'' (mucus). There is no adverse reaction of honey to heat when added to an emetic formulation as it returns back without digestion and helps in the elimination of impurity. [15]
phalapippalīnāṁ dvau dvau bhāgau kōvidārādikaṣāyēṇa triḥsaptakr̥tvaḥ srāvayēt, tēna rasēna tr̥tīyaṁbhāgaṁ piṣṭvā mātrāṁ harītakībhirbibhītakairāmalairvā tulyāṁ vartayēt, tāsāmēkāṁ dvē vā pūrvōktānāṁkaṣāyāṇāmanyatamasyāñjalimātrēṇa vimr̥dya balavacchlēṣmaprasēkagranthijvarōdarāruciṣu pāyayēditisamānaṁ pūrvēṇa||16||
phalapippalīnāṁ dvau dvau bhāgau kōvidārādikaṣāyēṇa triḥsaptakr̥tvaḥ srāvayēt, tēna rasēna tr̥tīyaṁbhāgaṁ piṣṭvā mātrāṁ harītakībhirbibhītakairāmalairvā tulyāṁ vartayēt, tāsāmēkāṁ dvē vā pūrvōktānāṁkaṣāyāṇāmanyatamasyāñjalimātrēṇa vimr̥dya balavacchlēṣmaprasēkagranthijvarōdarāruciṣu pāyayēditisamānaṁ pūrvēṇa||16||
phalapippalInAM dvau dvau bhAgau kovidArAdikaShAyeNa triHsaptakRutvaH srAvayet, tena rasena tRutIyaM bhAgaM piShTvA mAtrAMharItakIbhirbibhItakairAmalairvA tulyAM vartayet, tAsAmekAM dve vA pUrvoktAnAM kaShAyANAmanyatamasyA~jjalimAtreNa vimRudyabalavacchleShmaprasekagranthijvarodarAruciShu pAyayediti samAnaM pUrveNa ||16||
Two parts of the seeds of ''Madanphala'' should be washed with the decoction of ''Kovidara'' etc. twenty one times. With this liquid the third part of the same (seeds) should be pounded and made into doses equal to (the fruits) of ''Haritaki, Bibhitaka'' or ''Amalaka''. Of them one or two doses after having been impregnated with one of the above decoctions in quantity of 160 ml. should be administered in cases of severe salivation, glands, fever, ''Udara'' and anorexia. Other things as above. [16]
Two parts of the seeds of ''Madanphala'' should be washed with the decoction of ''Kovidara'' etc. twenty one times. With this liquid the third part of the same (seeds) should be pounded and made into doses equal to (the fruits) of ''Haritaki, Bibhitaka'' or ''Amalaka''. Of them one or two doses after having been impregnated with one of the above decoctions in quantity of 160 ml. should be administered in cases of severe salivation, glands, fever, ''Udara'' and anorexia. Other things as above. [16]
phalapippalīkṣīraṁ, tēna vā kṣīrayavāgūmadhōbhāgē raktapittē hr̥ddāhē ca; tajjasya vā dadhna uttarakaṁkaphaccharditamakaprasēkēṣu ; tasya vā payasaḥ śītasya santānikāñjaliṁ pittē prakupitēuraḥkaṇṭhahr̥dayē ca tanukaphōpadigdhē, iti samānaṁ pūrvēṇa||17||
phalapippalīkṣīraṁ, tēna vā kṣīrayavāgūmadhōbhāgē raktapittē hr̥ddāhē ca; tajjasya vā dadhna uttarakaṁkaphaccharditamakaprasēkēṣu ; tasya vā payasaḥ śītasya santānikāñjaliṁ pittē prakupitēuraḥkaṇṭhahr̥dayē ca tanukaphōpadigdhē, iti samānaṁ pūrvēṇa||17||
phalapippalIkShIraM, tena vA kShIrayavAgUmadhobhAge raktapitte hRuddAhe ca; tajjasya vA dadhna uttarakaM kaphaccharditamakaprasekeShu [1] ; tasya vApayasaH shItasya santAnikA~jjaliM pitte prakupite uraHkaNThahRudaye ca tanukaphopadigdhe, iti samAnaM pUrveNa||17||
Milk boiled with ''Madanaphala'' seeds and gruel prepared with this milk are given in cases of downward internal haemorrhage and burning sensation in cardiac region.
Milk boiled with ''Madanaphala'' seeds and gruel prepared with this milk are given in cases of downward internal haemorrhage and burning sensation in cardiac region.
phalapippalīśr̥takṣīrānnavanītamutpannaṁ phalādikalkakaṣāyasiddhaṁ kaphābhibhūtāgniṁviśuṣyaddēhaṁ
phalapippalīśr̥takṣīrānnavanītamutpannaṁ phalādikalkakaṣāyasiddhaṁ kaphābhibhūtāgniṁviśuṣyaddēhaṁ
ca mātrayā pāyayēditi samānaṁ pūrvēṇa||18||
ca mātrayā pāyayēditi samānaṁ pūrvēṇa||18||
phalapippalIshRutakShIrAnnavanItamutpannaM phalAdikalkakaShAyasiddhaM kaphAbhibhUtAgniM vishuShyaddehaM [1] ca mAtrayA pAyayediti samAnaMpUrveNa||18||
Butter formed from the milk boiled with ''Madanaphala'' seeds and processed with the paste and the decoction of ''Madanaphala'' etc. should be administered in proper dose to the patients whose ''agni'' is subdued by ''kapha'' and body is being dried up. Other things are as above. [18]
Butter formed from the milk boiled with ''Madanaphala'' seeds and processed with the paste and the decoction of ''Madanaphala'' etc. should be administered in proper dose to the patients whose ''agni'' is subdued by ''kapha'' and body is being dried up. Other things are as above. [18]
phalapippalīnāṁ phalādikaṣāyēṇa triḥsaptakr̥tvaḥ suparibhāvitēna puṣparajaḥprakāśēna cūrṇēna sarasisañjātaṁ [1] br̥hatsarōruhaṁ sāyāhnē'vacūrṇayēt, tadrātrivyuṣitaṁ prabhātē punaravacūrṇitamuddhr̥tyaharidrākr̥sarakṣīrayavāgūnāmanyatamaṁ saindhavaguḍaphāṇitayuktamākaṇṭhaṁ pītavantamāghrāpayētsukumāramutkliṣṭapittakaphamauṣadhadvēṣiṇamiti samānaṁ pūrvēṇa||19||
phalapippalīnāṁ phalādikaṣāyēṇa triḥsaptakr̥tvaḥ suparibhāvitēna puṣparajaḥprakāśēna cūrṇēna sarasisañjātaṁ [1] br̥hatsarōruhaṁ sāyāhnē'vacūrṇayēt, tadrātrivyuṣitaṁ prabhātē punaravacūrṇitamuddhr̥tyaharidrākr̥sarakṣīrayavāgūnāmanyatamaṁ saindhavaguḍaphāṇitayuktamākaṇṭhaṁ pītavantamāghrāpayētsukumāramutkliṣṭapittakaphamauṣadhadvēṣiṇamiti samānaṁ pūrvēṇa||19||
phalapippalInAM phalAdikaShAyeNa triHsaptakRutvaH suparibhAvitena puShparajaHprakAshena cUrNena sarasi sa~jjAtaM [1] bRuhatsaroruhaMsAyAhne~avacUrNayet, tadrAtrivyuShitaM prabhAte punaravacUrNitamuddhRutya haridrAkRusarakShIrayavAgUnAmanyatamaMsaindhavaguDaphANitayuktamAkaNThaM pItavantamAghrApayet sukumAramutkliShTapittakaphamauShadhadveShiNamiti samAnaM pUrveNa||19||
Pollen- like powder of ''Madanaphala'' seeds made after impregnating it twenty one times with decoction of ''Madanaphala'' etc. should be cast on a big lotus flower in evening. In the next morning the flower should be plucked and then powdered with the drug . It should be given for inhalation to the patient who is delicate and averse to drugs and has excited ''pitta'' and ''kapha'' after he has taken meal of ''Haridrakrsara'' or ''Ksira-Yavagu'' (gruel prepared with milk) added with rock salt, jaggery and treacle till satiation. Other things are as above. [19]
Pollen- like powder of ''Madanaphala'' seeds made after impregnating it twenty one times with decoction of ''Madanaphala'' etc. should be cast on a big lotus flower in evening. In the next morning the flower should be plucked and then powdered with the drug . It should be given for inhalation to the patient who is delicate and averse to drugs and has excited ''pitta'' and ''kapha'' after he has taken meal of ''Haridrakrsara'' or ''Ksira-Yavagu'' (gruel prepared with milk) added with rock salt, jaggery and treacle till satiation. Other things are as above. [19]
फलपिप्पलीनां भल्लातकविधिपरिस्रुतं स्वरसं पक्त्वा फाणितीभूतमातन्तुलीभावाल्लेहयेत्; आतपशुष्कं वा चूर्णीकृतंजीमूतकादिकषायेण पित्ते कफस्थानगते पाययेदिति समानं पूर्वेण||२०||
फलपिप्पलीनां भल्लातकविधिपरिस्रुतं स्वरसं पक्त्वा फाणितीभूतमातन्तुलीभावाल्लेहयेत्; आतपशुष्कं वा चूर्णीकृतंजीमूतकादिकषायेण पित्ते कफस्थानगते पाययेदिति समानं पूर्वेण||२०||
phalapippalīnāṁ bhallātakavidhiparisrutaṁ svarasaṁ paktvā phāṇitībhūtamātantulībhāvāllēhayēt;ātapaśuṣkaṁ vā cūrṇīkr̥taṁ jīmūtakādikaṣāyēṇa pittē kaphasthānagatē pāyayēditi samānaṁ pūrvēṇa||20||
phalapippalīnāṁ bhallātakavidhiparisrutaṁ svarasaṁ paktvā phāṇitībhūtamātantulībhāvāllēhayēt;ātapaśuṣkaṁ vā cūrṇīkr̥taṁ jīmūtakādikaṣāyēṇa pittē kaphasthānagatē pāyayēditi samānaṁ pūrvēṇa||20||
phalapippalInAM bhallAtakavidhiparisrutaM [1] svarasaM paktvA phANitIbhUtamAtantulIbhAvAllehayet; AtapashuShkaM vA cUrNIkRutaM jImUtakAdikaShAyeNa pittekaphasthAnagate pAyayediti samAnaM pUrveNa||20||
The extract of ''Madanaphala'' seeds prepared per the Bhallataka method should be heated till it becomes thready and treacle-like.
The extract of ''Madanaphala'' seeds prepared per the Bhallataka method should be heated till it becomes thready and treacle-like.
phalapippalīcūrṇāni pūrvavat phalādīnāṁ ṣaṇṇāmanyatamakaṣāyasrutāni vartikriyāḥphalādikaṣāyōpasarjanāḥ pēyā iti samānaṁ pūrvēṇa||21||
phalapippalīcūrṇāni pūrvavat phalādīnāṁ ṣaṇṇāmanyatamakaṣāyasrutāni vartikriyāḥphalādikaṣāyōpasarjanāḥ pēyā iti samānaṁ pūrvēṇa||21||
phalapippalIcUrNAni pUrvavat phalAdInAM [1] ShaNNAmanyatamakaShAyasrutAni vartikriyAH phalAdikaShAyopasarjanAH [2] peyA iti samAnaM pUrveNa||21||
The powder of the ''Madanaphala'' can be made into Vartti (caplets) by impregnating it with a decoction of one of the six ''Phaladi'' (''Madana'' etc.) drugs and taken with the above decoction. Other things are as above. [21]
The powder of the ''Madanaphala'' can be made into Vartti (caplets) by impregnating it with a decoction of one of the six ''Phaladi'' (''Madana'' etc.) drugs and taken with the above decoction. Other things are as above. [21]
phalapippalīnāmāragvadha -vr̥kṣaka-svādukaṇṭaka-pāṭhā-pāṭalā-śārṅgēṣṭā-mūrvā-saptaparṇa-naktamāla-picumarda-paṭōla-suṣavī-guḍūcī-sōmavalka-dvīpikānāṁ pippalī-pippalīmūla-hastipippalī-citraka-śr̥ṅgavērāṇāṁ cānyatamakaṣāyēṇa siddhō lēha iti samānaṁ pūrvēṇa||22||
phalapippalīnāmāragvadha -vr̥kṣaka-svādukaṇṭaka-pāṭhā-pāṭalā-śārṅgēṣṭā-mūrvā-saptaparṇa-naktamāla-picumarda-paṭōla-suṣavī-guḍūcī-sōmavalka-dvīpikānāṁ pippalī-pippalīmūla-hastipippalī-citraka-śr̥ṅgavērāṇāṁ cānyatamakaṣāyēṇa siddhō lēha iti samānaṁ pūrvēṇa||22||
phalapippalInAmAragvadha [1] -vRukShaka-svAdukaNTaka-pAThA-pATalA-shAr~ggeShTA-mUrvA-saptaparNa-naktamAla-picumarda-paTola-suShavI-guDUcI-somavalka-dvIpikAnAM pippalI-pippalImUla-hastipippalI-citraka-shRu~ggaverANAM cAnyatamakaShAyeNa siddho leha iti samAnaM pUrveNa||22||
Linctus is prepared of ''Madanaphala'' seeds with the decoction of one of the following drugs – ''Aragvadha, Kutaja, Vikankata, Patha, Patala, Sarngesta, Murva, Saptaparana, Naktamala, Nimba, Patola, Susavi, Guduci, Somavalka, Dvipika, Pippali, Pippalimula, Gajapippali, Chitraka'' and ''Sunthi''. This is an effective preparation. Other things are as above. [22]
Linctus is prepared of ''Madanaphala'' seeds with the decoction of one of the following drugs – ''Aragvadha, Kutaja, Vikankata, Patha, Patala, Sarngesta, Murva, Saptaparana, Naktamala, Nimba, Patola, Susavi, Guduci, Somavalka, Dvipika, Pippali, Pippalimula, Gajapippali, Chitraka'' and ''Sunthi''. This is an effective preparation. Other things are as above. [22]
phalapippalīṣvēlā-harēṇukā-śatapuṣpā-kustumburu-tagara-kuṣṭha-tvak-cōraka-marubakāguru-guggulvēlavāluka-śrīvēṣṭaka-paripēlava-māṁsī-śailēyaka-sthauṇēyaka-sarala-pārāvatapadyaśōkarōhiṇīnāṁ viṁśatēranyatamasya kaṣāyēṇa sādhitōtkārikā utkārikākalpēna, mōdakā vāmōdakakalpēna, yathādōṣarōgabhakti prayōjyā iti samānaṁ pūrvēṇa||23||
phalapippalīṣvēlā-harēṇukā-śatapuṣpā-kustumburu-tagara-kuṣṭha-tvak-cōraka-marubakāguru-guggulvēlavāluka-śrīvēṣṭaka-paripēlava-māṁsī-śailēyaka-sthauṇēyaka-sarala-pārāvatapadyaśōkarōhiṇīnāṁ viṁśatēranyatamasya kaṣāyēṇa sādhitōtkārikā utkārikākalpēna, mōdakā vāmōdakakalpēna, yathādōṣarōgabhakti prayōjyā iti samānaṁ pūrvēṇa||23||
phalapippalIShvelA-hareNukA-shatapuShpA-kustumburu-tagara-kuShTha-tvak-coraka-marubakAguru-guggulvelavAluka-shrIveShTaka-paripelava-mAMsI-shaileyaka-sthauNeyaka-sarala-pArAvatapadyashokarohiNInAM viMshateranyatamasya kaShAyeNa sAdhitotkArikA utkArikAkalpena, modakA vA modakakalpena,yathAdoSharogabhakti prayojyA iti samAnaM pUrveNa||23||
Preparations of ''Utkarika'' (a semisolid preparation) or ''Modaka'' (balls) may be made of ''Madanaphala'' seeds with one of the following twenty drugs – ''Ela, Harenuka, Satapuspa, Kustumburu, Tagara, Kustha, Twak, Coraka, Marubaka, Aguru, Guggulu, Elavaluka, Srivestaka, Paripelava, Mamsi, Salicyaka, Sthauneyaka, Sarala, Paravatapdi'' and ''Asokarohini''. These should be used according to ''dosha'', disease and inclination. Other things are as above. [23]
Preparations of ''Utkarika'' (a semisolid preparation) or ''Modaka'' (balls) may be made of ''Madanaphala'' seeds with one of the following twenty drugs – ''Ela, Harenuka, Satapuspa, Kustumburu, Tagara, Kustha, Twak, Coraka, Marubaka, Aguru, Guggulu, Elavaluka, Srivestaka, Paripelava, Mamsi, Salicyaka, Sthauneyaka, Sarala, Paravatapdi'' and ''Asokarohini''. These should be used according to ''dosha'', disease and inclination. Other things are as above. [23]
phalapippalīsvarasakaṣāyaparibhāvitāni tilaśālitaṇḍulapiṣṭāni tatkaṣāyōpasarjanāni śaṣkulīkalpēna vāśaṣkulyaḥ, pūpakalpēna vā pūpāḥ iti samānaṁ pūrvēṇa||24||
phalapippalīsvarasakaṣāyaparibhāvitāni tilaśālitaṇḍulapiṣṭāni tatkaṣāyōpasarjanāni śaṣkulīkalpēna vāśaṣkulyaḥ, pūpakalpēna vā pūpāḥ iti samānaṁ pūrvēṇa||24||
phalapippalIsvarasakaShAyaparibhAvitAni tilashAlitaNDulapiShTAni tatkaShAyopasarjanAni shaShkulIkalpena vA shaShkulyaH, pUpakalpena vA pUpAH iti samAnaMpUrveNa||24||
''Saskuli'' or ''Pupa'' (dietary preparations) may be made of sesamum and Sali rice flour impregnated with decoction of ''Madanaphala'' seeds and be taken with the same decoction. Other things are as above. [24]
''Saskuli'' or ''Pupa'' (dietary preparations) may be made of sesamum and Sali rice flour impregnated with decoction of ''Madanaphala'' seeds and be taken with the same decoction. Other things are as above. [24]
एतेनैव च कल्पेन सुमुख-सुरस-कुठेरक-काण्डीर-कालमालक-पर्णासक-क्षवक-फणिज्झक-गृञ्जन-कासमर्द-भृङ्गराजानांपोटेक्षुवालिका-कालङ्कतक-दण्डैरकाणां चान्यतमस्य कषायेण कारयेत्||२५||
एतेनैव च कल्पेन सुमुख-सुरस-कुठेरक-काण्डीर-कालमालक-पर्णासक-क्षवक-फणिज्झक-गृञ्जन-कासमर्द-भृङ्गराजानांपोटेक्षुवालिका-कालङ्कतक-दण्डैरकाणां चान्यतमस्य कषायेण कारयेत्||२५||
ētēnaiva ca kalpēna sumukha-surasa-kuṭhēraka-kāṇḍīra-kālamālaka-parṇāsaka-kṣavaka-phaṇijjhaka-gr̥ñjana-kāsamarda-bhr̥ṅgarājānāṁ pōṭēkṣuvālikā-kālaṅkataka-daṇḍairakāṇāṁ cānyatamasya kaṣāyēṇakārayēt||25||
ētēnaiva ca kalpēna sumukha-surasa-kuṭhēraka-kāṇḍīra-kālamālaka-parṇāsaka-kṣavaka-phaṇijjhaka-gr̥ñjana-kāsamarda-bhr̥ṅgarājānāṁ pōṭēkṣuvālikā-kālaṅkataka-daṇḍairakāṇāṁ cānyatamasya kaṣāyēṇakārayēt||25||
etenaiva ca kalpena sumukha-surasa-kuTheraka-kANDIra-kAlamAlaka-parNAsaka-kShavaka-phaNijjhaka-gRu~jjana-kAsamarda-bhRu~ggarAjAnAM poTekShuvAlikA-kAla~gkataka-daNDairakANAM cAnyatamasya kaShAyeNa kArayet||25||
The above preparation may also be made with the decoction of any one of the following drugs – ''Sumukha, Surasa, Kutheraka Kandira, Kalamalaka, Parnasaka, Ksavaka, Phanijjhaka, Ganjana, Kasamarda, Bhrngaraja, Pota, Iksuvalika, Kalankataka'' and ''Dandairaka''. [25]
The above preparation may also be made with the decoction of any one of the following drugs – ''Sumukha, Surasa, Kutheraka Kandira, Kalamalaka, Parnasaka, Ksavaka, Phanijjhaka, Ganjana, Kasamarda, Bhrngaraja, Pota, Iksuvalika, Kalankataka'' and ''Dandairaka''. [25]
tathā badaraṣāḍava-rāga-lēha-mōdakōtkārikā-tarpaṇa-pānaka-māṁsarasa-yūṣa-madyānāṁ madanaphalānyanyatamēnōpasr̥jya yathādōṣarōgabhakti dadyāt; taiḥ sādhu vamatīti||26||
tathā badaraṣāḍava-rāga-lēha-mōdakōtkārikā-tarpaṇa-pānaka-māṁsarasa-yūṣa-madyānāṁ madanaphalānyanyatamēnōpasr̥jya yathādōṣarōgabhakti dadyāt; taiḥ sādhu vamatīti||26||
tathA badaraShADava-rAga-leha-modakotkArikA-tarpaNa-pAnaka-mAMsarasa-yUSha-madyAnAM [1] madanaphalAnyanyatamenopasRujya yathAdoSharogabhaktidadyAt; taiH sAdhu vamatIti||26||
Besides, ''Madanaphala'' should be administered combining it with preparations such as ''Badarasadava, Raga, Leha, Modaka, Utkarika, Tarpana, Panaka,'' meat soup, vegetable soup and wine according to ''dosha'', disease and inclination. Thus the patient vomits well. [26]
Besides, ''Madanaphala'' should be administered combining it with preparations such as ''Badarasadava, Raga, Leha, Modaka, Utkarika, Tarpana, Panaka,'' meat soup, vegetable soup and wine according to ''dosha'', disease and inclination. Thus the patient vomits well. [26]
madanaḥ karahāṭaśca rāṭhaḥ piṇḍītakaḥ phalam|
madanaḥ karahāṭaśca rāṭhaḥ piṇḍītakaḥ phalam|
śvasanaścēti paryāyairucyatē tasya kalpanā||27||
śvasanaścēti paryāyairucyatē tasya kalpanā||27||
madanaH karahATashca rAThaH piNDItakaH phalam|
shvasanashceti paryAyairucyate tasya kalpanA||27||
Pharmaceutical preparations of ''Madana'' are also known by the synonyms ''Karahata, Ratha, Pinditaka, Phala'' and ''Svasana''. [27]
Pharmaceutical preparations of ''Madana'' are also known by the synonyms ''Karahata, Ratha, Pinditaka, Phala'' and ''Svasana''. [27]
daśānyē ṣāḍavādyēṣu trayastriṁśadidaṁ śatam|
daśānyē ṣāḍavādyēṣu trayastriṁśadidaṁ śatam|
yōgānāṁ vidhivaddiṣṭaṁ phalakalpē maharṣiṇā||30||
yōgānāṁ vidhivaddiṣṭaṁ phalakalpē maharṣiṇā||30||
tatra shlokAH-
nava yogAH kaShAyeShu, mAtrAsvaShTau [1] , payoghRute|
pa~jca, phANitacUrNe dvau ghreye, vartikriyAsu ShaT||28||
viMshatirviMshatirlehamodakotkArikAsu ca|
shaShkulIpUpayoshcoktA yogAH ShoDasha ShoDasha||29||
dashAnye ShADavAdyeShu trayastriMshadidaM shatam|
yogAnAM vidhivaddiShTaM phalakalpe maharShiNA||30||
Now the summing up verses –
Now the summing up verses –
=== ''Tattva Vimarsha'' ===
=== ''Tattva Vimarsha'' ===
# The impurities in upper part of body can be removed through mouth by ''Vamana'' (therapeutic emesis).
# The impurities in lower part of body can be removed through rectum by ''Virechana'' (therapeutic purgation).
# The thearapeutic emetic drugs shall possess qualities like ''ushna'' (hot), ''tikṣhṇa'' (sharply acting), ''sukshma'' (deeply
penetrating), ''vyavayi''(quality of spreading all over body before digested/quickly acting) and ''vikashi'' (quality of spreading all
over body before digested/quickly acting and displaces tissues from physiological sites).
# In the process of therapeutic emesis, it is necessary for drug to reach the heart, circulate through vessels and effect the mass of
impurity in the entire body, liquefy it out through large and small ducts due to agni (factors responsible for digestion and
metabolism) nature and disjoin it due to sharpness.
# The impurities, thus dislocated from the micro-circulation by drugs, consequently the float (in circulation) and get propelled upside
by force of ''Udana'' (''Vayu'') towards mouth.
# Therapeutic emesis occurs by the natural composition of the drug with ''Agni'' and ''Vayu'' (''Mahabhutas'') and the specific potency
(for emesis).
# Therapeutic emesis occurs when the natural composition of the drug predominates in ''Jala'' and ''Prithvi mahabhuta'' and there is
specific potency (for purgation).
# Three types of habitat are ''Jangala''(arid), ''Anupa''(marshy) and ''Sadharana'' (medium). People with ''Vata'' and ''Pitta''
dominance are seen in 'Jangala'' habitat. People with ''Vata'' and ''Kapha'' dominance are seen in ''Anupa'' habitat.
# The drugs are required to be collected keeping in view the appropriate habitat (''desha-sampat''), appropriate season (''kala sampat'')
and their effective attributes (''guna smapat''). The ''Vamana dravya'' (drug) possesses strong potency endowed due to
''desha''(habitat), ''kala''(time) ''guna'' (properties) and ''bhajana'' (container).
# The proportion of active principle in useful parts of medicinal plant varies according to season. Hence, time of collection is
important while collecting the medicinal plant, in order to achieve its highest potency, safety and efficacy.
# The timely grown, naturally matured, unaffected by environment and organisms are the best drug for collection.
# Effect of drugs vary, depending upon their habitat, collection, storage and on patients, ''deha'' (physique), ''Doshas'', ''prakriti''
(constitution), ''Vaya'' (age), ''Bala'' (strength), ''Agni'' (power of digestion and metabolism), ''Bhakti'' (liking of particular
type of recipe), 'Satmya'' (wholesomeness).
<div style="text-align:justify;">The excelled physico-pharmacological properties of a ''Vamana'' drug, which is known as ''Veerya'' (potency) are as follows; ''Tikshna'' (sharp),''sukshma'' (subtle),''vyavayi'' (pervading) and ''vikasi''(loosening). In fact, those are basically expression of ''agni'' and ''Vayumahabhutas''. Because of ''agni'' and ''Vayumahabhuta'', they have the inherency to move upwards, thereby, all such drugs perform their action to eliminate impurities from upper tract. They perform their action by reaching to the heart and circulating in the body through vascular system and conjugated mass in the form of impurities is liquefied and float in the oiled body. This liquefied impurities reaches in the stomach and due to inherence of the aforesaid potencies in association of ''udana vayu'', the impurities are expelled through gastro-oral route. But ''vamana'' drugs serves their function not only because of the predominance of specific ''mahabhuta'' but also due to their ''prabhava'' (specific action). If the predominance of ''mahabhutas'' is considered to be the only causative factors. Then there are many drugs with the above ''mahabhuta'' predominance and not have ''vamana'' action (Ca.Ka.1/5).
<div style="text-align:justify;">The excelled physico-pharmacological properties of a ''Vamana'' drug, which is known as ''Veerya'' (potency) are as follows; ''Tikshna'' (sharp),''sukshma'' (subtle),''vyavayi'' (pervading) and ''vikasi''(loosening). In fact, those are basically expression of ''agni'' and ''Vayumahabhutas''. Because of ''agni'' and ''Vayumahabhuta'', they have the inherency to move upwards, thereby, all such drugs perform their action to eliminate impurities from upper tract. They perform their action by reaching to the heart and circulating in the body through vascular system and conjugated mass in the form of impurities is liquefied and float in the oiled body. This liquefied impurities reaches in the stomach and due to inherence of the aforesaid potencies in association of ''udana vayu'', the impurities are expelled through gastro-oral route. But ''vamana'' drugs serves their function not only because of the predominance of specific ''mahabhuta'' but also due to their ''prabhava'' (specific action). If the predominance of ''mahabhutas'' is considered to be the only causative factors. Then there are many drugs with the above ''mahabhuta'' predominance and not have ''vamana'' action (Ca.Ka.1/5).
=== ''Vidhi Vimarsha'' ===
=== ''Vidhi Vimarsha'' ===
<div style="text-align:justify;">
<div style="text-align:justify;">
*''Ushna-Tikshna-Sukshma-Vyavayi'' and ''vikasi'' are the common properties of the ''Vamanakarma dravya''. According to Sushruta, the ''ushna'' property has ''pachana karma'' (S.Su.46/515).Chakrapani (the commentator on [[Charaka Samhita]]) states that ''ushna'' means ''ushna veeryam''. This has been cleared in AshtÁnga Sangraha by Vagabhat and the function are like ''dahana'' and ''pachana'' and having ability to decrease ''vata'' and ''kapha dosha'' (A.S.Su.17/15). Sushruta defines that ''tikshna'' as the property produces ''daha, paka'' and ''srava'' (S.Su.46/518).According to Charaka, ''Tikshna guna'' is ''vichchindana'' (Ca.Ka.1/5). Chakrapani clarified the word as ''vichchindayati'', means breaking down the complex morbid matter into simple molecules. The ''Sukshma guna'' reaches to minute ''srotasa'' and remove the morbid matter to bring it to reach the ''amashaya'' according to Dalhana (S.Ci..33/33). The ''Vyavayi'' drugs, when administered initiate the action immediately and thereafter bio-transformation takes place. Sushruta has clarified that ''Vikasi'' drugs causes laxity in ''dhatubandhana'' (S.Su. 46/523).Due to above mentioned properties ''Vamana'' drugs are beneficial for therapeutic emesis.
*''Ushna-Tikshna-Sukshma-Vyavayi'' and ''vikasi'' are the common properties of the ''Vamanakarma dravya''. According to Sushruta, the ''ushna'' property has ''pachana karma'' (S.Su.46/515).Chakrapani (the commentator on [[Charaka Samhita]]) states that ''ushna'' means ''ushna veeryam''. This has been cleared in AshtÁnga Sangraha by Vagabhat and the function are like ''dahana'' and ''pachana'' and having ability to decrease ''vata'' and ''kapha dosha'' <ref>• Ashtang Sngraha of Vriddha Vagabhata with Shalilekha Sanskrit commentary by Indu, Chaukhambha Sanskrit Series Office, Varanasi. Sutra sthana 17/15 </ref>. Sushruta defines that ''tikshna'' as the property produces ''daha, paka'' and ''srava''<ref> Sushruta Samhita of Susruta, with the Nibandhasangraha Commentary of Sri Dlhanacharya, Edited by Vaidya Jadavji Trikamji Acharya, Published by Chaukhambha Orientalia, Varanasi, 1992 Sutra sthana 46/518</ref>. According to Charaka, ''Tikshna guna'' is ''vichchindana'' <ref> Charaka Samhita by Agnivesha revised by Charaka and Dridhabala with the Ayurveda-Dipika Commentary of Chakrapanidatta, Edited by Vaidya Jadavji Trikamji Acharya, published by Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, 1984. Kalpa sthana 1/5</ref>. Chakrapani clarified the word as ''vichchindayati'', means breaking down the complex morbid matter into simple molecules. The ''Sukshma guna'' reaches to minute ''srotasa'' and remove the morbid matter to bring it to reach the ''amashaya'' according to Dalhana (S.Ci..33/33). The ''Vyavayi'' drugs, when administered initiate the action immediately and thereafter bio-transformation takes place. Sushruta has clarified that ''Vikasi'' drugs causes laxity in ''dhatubandhana'' (S.Su. 46/523).Due to above mentioned properties ''Vamana'' drugs are beneficial for therapeutic emesis.
*''Vamana'' (emesis) is one of the five physio-therapeutic procedures to eliminate impurities through gastro-oral route emerged due to aggravated ''kapha'' in human body. It is to be noted for vitiation of each ''dosha'' viz. ''kapha, pitta'' and ''vata,'' three therapeutic procedures ''vamana, virechana'' and ''basti'' are recommended respectively.
*''Vamana'' (emesis) is one of the five physio-therapeutic procedures to eliminate impurities through gastro-oral route emerged due to aggravated ''kapha'' in human body. It is to be noted for vitiation of each ''dosha'' viz. ''kapha, pitta'' and ''vata,'' three therapeutic procedures ''vamana, virechana'' and ''basti'' are recommended respectively.
*Evacuated ''doshas'' never reoccur, if they are subdued with evacuation therapy. ''Vamana karma'' is considered the best line of therapeutic procedure for all the diseases having ''kaphaja'' origin (Ca.Su. 33/19).
*Evacuated ''doshas'' never reoccur, if they are subdued with evacuation therapy. ''Vamana karma'' is considered the best line of therapeutic procedure for all the diseases having ''kaphaja'' origin (Ca.Su. 33/19).
*''Sharngadhara'' in ''Sharngadhara Samhita'' stated that ''apakva pitta'' and ''kapha'' are forcefully expelled out through the upward route. Thus ''vamana'' is the best for vitiated ''kapha'' and ''apakva pitta'' (Sa.Pu.8/7).
*''Sharngadhara'' in ''Sharngadhara Samhita'' stated that ''apakva pitta'' and ''kapha'' are forcefully expelled out through the upward route. Thus ''vamana'' is the best for vitiated ''kapha'' and ''apakva pitta'' <ref> • Sharangadhara Samhita of Sharangadhara with the commentary of Addhmala’Dipika commentary , Chaukhambha Orientalia, Varanasi-221001, Third Edition-1983.Purva khanda 8/7 </ref>.
*Phytochemistry:
*Phytochemistry:
*Pharmacological Activity
*Pharmacological Activity
The drug was reported to have antibacterial, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and immunomodulatory Activity(Patel Ritesh G. et al. 2011). Antileishmanial activity ,antitumor activity and stimulant action on uterus was also reported (Navneet et al. 2010).
The drug was reported to have antibacterial, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and immunomodulatory Activity <ref>Patel Ritesh G, Pathak Nimish L, Rathod Jaimik D, Dr.L.D.Patel and Bhatt Nayna M. Phytopharmacological Properties of Randia dumetorum as a Potential Medicinal Tree: An Overview , Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science 01 (10); 2011: 24-26. ISSN: 2231-3354.<ref/>. Antileishmanial activity ,antitumor activity and stimulant action on uterus was also reported.<ref> • Navneet K. Singh, Arun K. Mishra , Jeetendra K. Gupta , S. Jayalakshmi ,Randia spinosa (poir.): ethnobotany, phytochemistry and pharmacology -a review International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research Volume 4 (1), Sep.–Oct.2010</ref>.
</div>
</div>
==== Recent researches on action of herbs ====
==== Recent researches on action of herbs ====
**Strech reflex - Ākaṇṭhapāna
**Strech reflex - Ākaṇṭhapāna
**Mucosal irritants - Uṣṇa, Tīkṣṇa etc. Guṇas
**Mucosal irritants - Uṣṇa, Tīkṣṇa etc. Guṇas
Followed by antiperistalsis movements - Electrical stimuli : (prabhava) by stimulating CTZ.
Followed by antiperistalsis movements - Electrical stimuli : (prabhava) by stimulating CTZ centers in brain
centers in brain
*Research work on comparative study of Vamana by two different methods:
A comparative clinical study on standardization of Vamana Vidhi by classical and traditional methods was carried out<ref>Ranjip Kumar Dass, Nilesh N. Bhatt, Anup B. Thakar, Vagish Dutt Shukla. Ayu. 2012 Oct-Dec; 33(4): 517–522. doi: 10.4103/0974-8520.110531 </ref>. Total 50 patients and healthy volunteers were selected irrespective of gender, religion, occupation, etc., from O.P.D. and I.P.D. of Panchakarma Department of Institute for Post Graduate Teaching and Research in Ayurveda, Jamnagar. The patients as well as healthy volunteers were randomly divided into following two groups: One group had performed Vamana by the classical methods according to Charaka and Sushruta Samhita. Madanphala Pippali was taken in Antarnakha Mushti (making fist) Pramana by the patient's own hand. It was then added in Yashtimadhu Kwatha and kept for one night (previous night of Vamana Karma). In the morning time, it was stirred properly and filtered. Then it was given to the patient in lukewarm state mixing with honey and Saindhav Lavana (rock salt) upto Pittanta Vamana (till bile comes). Before that in early morning, Ghritayukta Yavagu was given to the patient after Abhyanga (massage) and Swedana (fomentation).
In the other group B (traditional group), twenty two individuals had performed Vamana by traditional methods . In the morning time at first after massage and sudation, milk or Ikshu Rasa was given to the patient upto Aakanthapana (fullness upto throat). Then Madanphala Pippali Churna, Vacha and Saindhav Lavana were taken in a ratio of 4:2:1 part, respectively and a paste was made with honey. It was then given to the patient directly or indirectly by mixing with any liquid media like milk or Ikshu Rasa or Yashtimadhu Phanta. Afterwards, Yashtimadhu Phanta made freshly in the morning was given upto Pittanta Vamana.
<div style="text-align:justify;">
Vamana Kaarmukatvam: [Ca.ka.1/5]
From the above study it was observed that average no. of Vega and Upavega (i.e., 7.41 and 12.41) were found in by the classical method as compared to traditional methods (i.e., 6.91 and 8.77). Because Vega had come out easily from deeper part of the stomach with viscous matter in group A than the group B as the particles of Madanphal Pippali were present in Yashtimadhu Kashaya (decoction) till end, for which individual had felt more exertions earlier but got more relief later on. The average quantity of every Vega in traditional method was measured more as compared to classical method, as more Kshudra or Madhyama and Khandit Vega had come in this method may be due to less intake of Vamana Kashaya (probably due to more thickened solution). Maximum percentage (i.e., 68.2%) of Pravara Shuddhi was observed in group A as compared to group B (i.e., 59.1), whereas more percentage of Madhyama and Avara Shuddhi were seen in group B most probably due to earlier expulsion of Vamana Yoga with vomitus. As MSI of group B (i.e., 2.86) was lesser than group A (i.e., 4.91) more drug output (more Dosha Shuddhi) were there in group B as compared to group A. Furthermore, more mucous (i.e., Kapha like viscous matter) were expelled in group A than group B, whereas Pitta Darshan was seen easily with a lesser time in group B as compared to group A. The average time taken to complete the Vamana (vomiting) by the classical method (58.36 min) was lesser than the time taken for traditional method (64.91 min), may be due to quick expulsion of vitiated matter, as Madanaphala Pippali was properly diluted in the Vamana Kashaya or may be due to quick appearance of Antiki Lakshanas, which leads the procedure to an end point. Clinically more percentage of individuals had marked improvement in group A, whereas more percentage of individuals got moderate improvement in group B, most probably because of more Shuddhi obtained by the classical method than the traditional. As we know that Vamana Karma is a stressful work, which is done in early morning (i.e., Kaphaja Kala). Likewise, according to modern science the plasma cortisol level also rises in early hours of morning and in any stressful stimuli. So Plasma Cortisol level was tested just before and after Vamana Karma, where a rise in Cortisol level was observed in classical methods. By physical analysis of vomited material, acidic pH was found in earlier stage and alkaline pH was seen in last stage (i.e., when Accha Pitta comes). More value of Specific gravity was found in vomitus of classical method as compared to the vomitus of traditional method. By biochemical quantitative analysis of vomitus (i.e., Hexosamine Test); mucopolysaccharide content of vomitus was found more in group A (669.64 μg/ml) in comparison to group B (480.68 μg/ml), as more viscous matter was expelled during Vamana. From the present clinical study, it can be concluded that the method mentioned in the classics are very much beneficial from every point of view in comparison to the method which has been used traditionally as it is very easy, safe, less time-consuming, and clinically as well as statistically the most effective method.Madanphala Pippali, which was taken in Antarnakha Musti Pramana (By patient's own hand) in case of the classical method measured about average 13.51 g, which should be mixed in 4 l of Yastimadhu decoction for proper dilution. So this proportion can be taken as a standard ratio for Vamana Karma. In concern to Vaigiki Shuddhi, it indicates that more no. of Vega and Upavega come by the classical method as compared to the traditional methods. Measurements of drug inputs and drug outputs (i.e., vomitus) are necessary as Maniki Shuddhi may guide towards proper judgment regarding purification and provide some clues regarding the results obtained. By physical analysis of vomited material, “pH” of the vomitus can be used as an indicator to guide oneself towards “end point” (as Antiki Shuddhi). As acidic pH was found in earlier stage and alkaline pH was seen in last stage (i.e., when Accha Pitta comes), it may help to cease the Vamana at particular point. According to Laingiki Shuddhi, more Pravara Shuddhi is achieved in Vamana by the classical methods in comparison to traditional methods. However, all the Shuddhi have equal role in assessing the proportion of purification and predicting any type of result from it. Regarding the duration of Vamana, it can be said that the time taken to complete the Vamana by the classical method is lesser than the time taken for traditional method. Significant more reduction in FBS and lipid profile test (S. Cholesterol, HDL and S. Triglyceride level) by the classical method (despite of the consumption of a huge amount of Ghee during Snehapana) indicates that classical Vamana improves the internal homeostasis more easily in comparison to traditional method. By comparing the improvements in the symptoms obtained after Vamana with the purification done earlier, it can be said that more expulsion of vitiated matter might be there in the classical method in comparison to traditional methods.
=== References ===
{{Reflist}}
=== Glossary ===
=== Glossary ===
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