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Line 4,086: − + − + + − − − − − − − Current clinical practices: − Management of ingested poison: − Management of snake bite: − Management of insect bite: − − − − − − − − − − Glossary: − आध्भान ādhamānaṁ Distention of abdomen due to gas. − आरस्म ālasya Loss of enthusiasm, idleness , want of energy, apathetic, Reluctance to work or make an effort, laziness − आरेऩभ् ālepaṁ Coating − आभ Āma 1. Raw, uncooked, unbaked, immature, unripe − 2. May be associated with food or other physiological entities to mean incomplete transformation or metabolism causing a harmful effect on health. − आभाशम् āmāśayaḥ Stomach -A dilated sac like distensible portion of alimentary canal between the esophagus and the duodenum which contains partially digested food. It is a major seat of Pitta. − आभविष āmaviśa It is a kind of disorder which results from incompatible food or from eating before digestion of previous meals, similar to intestinal toxemia because it simulates the symptoms of toxemia. − आशु āśu Fast or rapid. − आशुकारय āśukāri 1. Operating quickly,swiftly − 2. Of sudden onset /acute − आश्िासन āśvāsana In the condition of fear of poison, psychological morale boosting of the patient is advised by consoling the patient. − .... ātopa Painful distension of abdomen accompanied by rumbling noise − आियणॊ āvaraṇaṁ enveloping raw material with same or other material − आविर āvila Turbid − आमास ayasa Physical exertion, Toil − अफद्दिाक् abaddhavāk Incoherent speech − अमबष्मत्न्द abhiṣyandi substances which cause obstruction to srotas and are slimy & heavy in nature; e.g. Curd − अभ्मॊग abhyaṅga Manually manipulating technique in which oil is applied over various part of body to get desired effect. It’s a part of daily regimen which is adopted for preservation and promotion of health. It includes massage over the head (shiro abhyamga), massage over feet (pada abhyamga) & oiling of ears (Karna Purana). − अचेतनॊ acetana . Loss of tactile sensation. − अधधष्ठानभ् adhiṣṭhānam seat (of poison) − अगद Agada Antitoxic medication. − अगदानाॊ र्ह सॊमोगो विषजुष्टस्म मुज्मते agadānāṁ hi saṁyogo viṣajuṣṭasya yujyate Agadas should be used only in cases of poisoning. − अत्ग्न फरनाशॊ agni balanāśaṁ Loss of digestive power − अत्ग्नभान्द्म agnimāndya Lack of digestive power − अजीणश ajīrṇa Indigestion − अकृत्रत्रभ विष akṛtrima viṣa Poison from natural source. − अक्षऺकूट akṣikūṭa Orbital or Ocular margin, Eye ball or oculas. Superciliary ridge. The bony pyramid-shaped cavity of the skull that contains and protects the eyeball. − अल्ऩ alpa Less, Scanty, Diminished − .... amla Sour; One among six Rasa − अभृत amṛta Ambrosia − अनरेऺण् analekṣaṇaḥ Fiery, dreadful eyes. − अनेकिणश anekavarṇa Multiple color − अङ्गभदश aṅgamarda Pressing pain − अतनद्रा anidrā Sleeplessness, disturbed sleep − अञ्जन añjana It’s a process of anointing, smearing, mixing, collyrium or black pigment used to paint the root of eye lashes. Anointment is done with a stick or pencil called as añjana shalaka. There are two types of añjana which are used by healthy individuals, one is Savira añjana should be applied to eyes daily and other is Rasanjana which is applied once in every five or eight days for stimulating secretion. − अनुरेऩन anulepana Mode of administration of poison through an ointment. − आनूऩ anūpa marshy lands − अनुऩान anupana Any liquid which is taken soon after food. Drink should have properties opposite to that of food, but should not be incompatible with the particular food. It helps in easy movement, digestion and assimilation of the food particles. − अऩाक apāka Indigestion − ............ apāṅgasandhi Outer junction of the eye lids. The angle at lateral side of the slit between the eyelids. − अऩर्थम apathy Food and behaviors which are not conducive or not wholesome to body and mind is called as apathy. Contrast to Pathya. − अयतत arati Restlessness due to dissatisfaction − − − − अफुशद arbuda Tumor − अरुणिणश aruṇavarṇa Downy red − अश्रु aœru Lacrimal fluids (Tears) - The liquid excreted into the eyes by the lacrimal glands − − असृग asṛga Blood − − a..avegam aṣṭavegam The action of poison is manifested in eight virulent stages or impulses (vega). − − असुखभ् Asukham Discomfort or unpleasantness, If agadas (antitoxic medicines) are used in healthy, non poisoned persons it would produce all kinds of discomfort. − − अस्िेदनॊ asvedana. Loss of Sweating − Loss of Sweating atipravṛtti Hyperactive − अततसाय् atisāraḥ Diarrhea − औषध au.adha medicine / drug − ...... au..ya Hotness − अिगाहन Avagāhana Immersion of anointed body in to a tub of warm water. It is one among the daily regimen which nourishes whole body, bestows strength, gives stability and enhances physical resistance power − ………. avaleha A pharmaceutical dosage form- confectionery the decoctions are further concentrated to semisolid consistency after adding sweetening and other substances over fire − − …………. Avalekhana Modes of administration of poison through comb − − अिऩीडन avapīḍana massaging the body parts by applying pressure. This method is used for relaxation therapy. − − अविष/ तनविशष् aviṣa/ nirviṣ Detoxified state − अविषमरॊगभ् aviṣaliṁgam Absence of sign of poison, a bite a non- venomous serpent is marked by the absence of any of the specific symptoms of poisoning. − − ……….. avyakta Unmanifestated state, unapparent, indistinct, invisible, imperceptible. A feature of Vāta. − − फाधधमश Bādhirya Loss of hearing − फहरॊ bahala. Thick − फरऺम balakṣaya − Loss of physical strength or weakness − फन्ध bandha Suppressed − फत्स्त Basti Bladder − बस्भ bhasma Ashes of metals/minerals obtained through incineration/calcinations process − − ……. bhauma sarpa Terrestrial snakes − …….. bhayaḥ Fear − बेदन Bhedana Breaking pain − …….. bhe.aja Medicine − मबन्न स्िय् bhinna svara. Hoarseness of voice − ……. bhinna vi.ka Loose motion − भ्रभ − bhrama . − Giddiness, Dizziness or tremor. − − भ्रॊश bhraṁśa Prolapse − त्रफरेशमा Bileśayā Includes animals living in burrows. Exp- toad, Iguana, snake, porcupine − − फुवद्दविभ्रभ Buddhivibhrama Perverted intelligence − चऺु cakṣu Eye. One of the five sense organs. − चर Cala To move − चन्द्राकृतत दृत्ष्ट भण्डर candrākṛti dṛṣṭi maṇḍala Moon shaped pupil − ……. caturdaṁṣṭro Animals having four poisonous fangs − चेष्टा ceṣṭā Motion, action, function − छर्दश Chardi Vomiting − छेद cheda Cutting pain − तछनत्त्त इि chinatti iva Cutting pain − धचमभधचभामन cimicimāyana Formication − धचयात् Cirāt Delayed − चोष् coṣaḥ Sucking type of sensation − चूषण cūṣaṇa Suction. − दाहॊ dāhaṁ Burning sensation. − दारुण dāruṇa Hard − दहत्मत्ग्नरयिादौ तु मबनत्तीिोध्िशभाशु dahatyagnirivādau tu bhinattīvordhvamāśu In scorpion bite, there is intense burning pain in the beginning and thereafter there is pinching pain which spreads upwards instantaneously. − − दॊश daṁśa Biting − दॊश विशीमशते daṁśa viśīryate Symptom of the hornet sting is suppuration of the bitten part − − दॊशा फहुत्तयवि षा बृशा् daṁśā bahuttaravi ṣā bhṛśāḥ Poison coming out of the snake fangs viz., lower left, upper left, lower right and upper right is progressively more and more virulent and incurable − − दॊशदेश daṁśadeśa site of bite/sting − दॊशकोथ् da..akotha Putrefaction/ suppuration of the affected part. − दॊष्रा daṁṣṭrā Ayurvedic term for poisonous teeth which is counted as site of poison and medium of spreading poison/infection by the way bite of animal − − दॊष्राविषॊ भौरॊ हत्न्त daṁṣṭrāviṣaṁ maulaṁ hanta Animate type of poison is neutralized by the use of inanimate poisons − − दन्त् dantaḥ Tooth − दन्तहषं dantaharṣaṁ Hypersensitivity in teeth. − दिॉकय Darvīkara Hooded snake/cobras. − दशगुणभ् daśaguṇam Ten attributes or properties of poison by which it acts on the body and produces harmful effects. − − दष्ट् शीतोदकेनेि मसततान्मङ्गातन भन्मते daṣṭaḥ śītodakeneva siktānyaṅgāni manyate It bitten by uchchiting (poisonous crab/ cricket), the person feels as if the whole body is effused with cold water. − − दष्टकभ् daṣṭakam It is a type of snake bite in which three marks of the fangs are seen accompanied with tearing of the muscle but not of blood vessels − − दष्टतनऩीडडत daṣṭanipīḍita It is a type of snake bite in which four fang marks are seen with tearing of the muscles but not of the blood vessels. − − दौफशल्म Daurbalya Loss of strength − देह deha The living body. Indicative of growth in the bodily tissues. − − देश Deśa habitat, the place or environment where a plant or animal naturally or normally lives and grows − − धातु प्रदूषण dhātu pradūṣaṇa vitiation of dhatus commonly used to denote the substances that are harmful to the living system − − धिस्त Dhavasta Chocked − धीविभ्रभ Dhīvibhrama Perverted intelligence − − धूभ dhūma Medicated smoke − धूभामन धूभामन Smoky sensation − − धूऩन Dhūpana Smoke is made to spread in the ambient air to maintain the purity and clean air. − − धूसय् dhūsaraḥ Ash color, Grey color − − ध्मामतत (विहग्) dhyayati (vihaga.) It is a symptom produced in the first of impulse of bird poisoning which means the bird gets depressed. − − दीऩन dīpana 1. Stimulating / promoting digestion 2. To increase appetite − − दीप्त तेज dīpta teja Very brightly shining aura − − ……….. divya sarpa Mysterious mythological celestial snakes which are radiant just like fire and it is said that they always roar, cause rain, shine by themselves and always support and sustain the world, when become angry convert the world to ashes by their sight and exhalation. − − दोष doṣa Principle constituents of the body that is responsible for homeostasis, when present in the state of equilibrium. Do.as also determine the psycho-physiological nature / constitution of an individual. Do.as are capable of vitiating the different bodily tissues, when deviate from the state of equilibrium and can lead to diseases. These are of two classes: a. ..r.rika (bodily): V.ta, Pitta and Kapha. b. M.nasa (psychological): Raja and Tama. − − दोषस्थानप्रकृती् प्राप्मान्मतभॊ वमुदीयमतत doṣasthānaprakṛtīḥ prāpyānyatamaṁ hyudīrayati Depending upon the location of doshas and the constitution of the patient, poisons provoke other doshas − − Dravya Materials of plant, animal & mineral origin − दृत्ष्ट dṛṣṭi Look − दुन्दुमबस्िनीम Dundubhisvanīya Name of a chapter which states treatment of the patients of poisoning by the sounds of beating medicated drums because of its anti venomous virtue. − − दुगशन्ध durgandha Bad smell, Fetid smell − दुरुऩक्रभ durupakrama Difficult for therapeutic management due to increased risk − − दूषीविषभ् dūṣīviṣam chronic poisoning/Either inanimate, animate or artificial poison when it becomes less potent after its treatment and when its effects are not nullified radically, because of which it resides in the body that particular less potent part of the above said poison is called dushivisha − − एभ्मोऽन्मथा धचक्रकत्स्मा् एभ्मोऽन्मथा धचक्रकत्स्मा् Poisoned patients without the signs of (imminent) death should be treated. − − फ़णणन् faṇin snakes (cobra). − गद्गद् gadgadaḥ Stuttering − गभन gamana Motion, gait, process, or instance of changing place − गन्ध gandha Smell : Odour − − ……….. garasaṁjñam Garavisha is considered as one of the form of kritrim visha (artificial poison) which gets formed by the combination of two or more poisonous or non poisonous drugs and ultimately affects the whole body by vitiating all the dhatus (tissues) in the body. It can go to such extent that it alleviates the dhatus drastically which in turn could prove to be fatal . A phenomenon simillar to drug interaction. − − गयसॊमोगजॊ garasaṁyogajaṁ Artificially prepared poison by the combination Of various substances. − − गमबशणी garbhi.. Pregnant woman − गतत Gati Motion, moving, gait − गौयि gaurava Heavy feeling, Heaviness − घोय दशशनॊ ghora darśanaṁ Bizzare look − ग्रातन glāni Fatigue of mind or body, or loss of enthusiasm. − − गृहगोधधका gṛhagodhikā house lizard. − − गुण guṇa properties of a substance; present in the substance as a coinherent factor to perform a definite set of actions; might be physical, chemical, pharmacological, etc. but mainly pertains to the pharmacological properties. − − गुरुत्व Heaviness, Gravity − हरयकेशो Harikeśo Tawny hair person − − हरयत Harita Green colour − − हतेत्न्द्रम् hatendriyaḥ Weakness of sense organs − रृदमाियण hṛdayāvaraṇa Poisons, by their penetrating property, weaken the heart and in order to protect it the patient should be administered pure ghee, ghee mixed with honey, juices of sugarcane etc. − − रृदमोत्तरेश hṛdayotkleśa Nausea − − रृल्रास hṛllāsa Nausea − इत्न्द्रमाणाॊ च िैकृत्मॊ indriyāṇāṁ ca vaikṛtyaṁ Food mixed with poison on it reaching stomach give rises to derangement of the sense organs. − − जाङ्गभ विष jāṅgama viṣa The poison of animate origin in creatures like snakes, insects, spiders, scorpions, leeches, fish, frog, dogs, lion, tiger, jackal, hyena, etc. − − जगत्व्दषण्णभ् jagavdiṣaṇṇam The whole world became despaired and gloomy after looking at the ferocious creature that emerged before the emergence of ambrosia during churning of the sea. − − जरसॊत्रास jalasaṁtrāsa hydrphobia. − − jaṅgamaṁsyād urdhvabhāgaṁ Gangadhar commentary on charak samhita says the tendency of animate poisons is to move upwards in the body. − − जङ्गभस्थािय विष मोतन jaṅgamasthāvar viṣa yoni Poison is of two types one is jangam (animal origin-mobile) & another is sthavar ( plant and mineral origin- immobile). − − त्जविाशोप Jihvāśoph Swelling of the tongue. − जीिजीिका् jīvajīvakāḥ A small bird. − जृम्बा jṛmbhā It is a symptom produced in second impulse of poisoning, which means yawning. − − ज्िरनाकशसभप्रबा् jvalanārkasamaprabhāḥ Characteristic of mandali (viper snake variety) snakes which means they have the glow like the fire and sun. − − काकऩदॊ kākapadaṁ If there is no remedy for poisoning, it is the last line of treatment, in which incision is made on the scalp of the shape of crow’s feet, and on that the medicine is kept. − − कार भृत्मु kāla mṛtyu Timely death, death in due time which means the life force residing in the body being endowed with full vitality by nature and maintained in the right manner will come to an end only with the complete wearing out of itself. − − कारान्तय विऩाकी kālāntara vipākī Poison with delayed action, garavisha as it takes some time to get assimilated in the body to produce its toxic effects. − − काष्ठे यत्श्भमबिाश हतभ् kāṣṭhe raśmibhirvā hatam One bespattered with blood, with limbs broken or dislocated should be regarded as slain with sticks or whip. − − कणब kaṇabha Hornet . − − कण्डू kaṇḍū Itching − कण्ठेश्िमथु kaṇṭheśvayathu Laryngeal oedema which is produced by Rajimān (kraits) snake bite. − − कपभव्मततयसत्िादन्नयसाॊश्चानुितशते शीघ्रभ् kaphamavyaktarasatvādannarasāṁścānuvartate śīghram. Because of indistinct taste property of poison it causes aggravation of kapha and it quickly distrubs taste of food. − − कणणशका karṇikā Polyp like granulomatous growth developed when there is bite of poisonous insect/ rat. − − कणणशकाऩातनॊ karṇikāpātanaṁ Removal or excision of granulomatous growth in the wound which is caused due to bite by the insects, spiders & rats. − − किचाबणेषु kavacabhar.e.u Mode of administration of poison via armour and ornaments. − − किर Kavala Holding the little quantity of liquid (medicinal decoctions/ luke warm water/medicinal oils) in buccal cavity ,make it move briskly inside and spitting out. − − केश Kesh Hair − खातन तनरुध्म khāni nirudhya The blood vitiated due to poison transudates and obstructs the channels of blood circulation, leading to death of the patient − − खेभ्म् कृष्णॊ शोणणतॊ मातत तीव्रॊ khebhyaḥ kṛṣṇaṁ śoṇitaṁ yāti tīvraṁ A bite by a scorpion of keen (strong) poisoned species is accompanied by excessive discharge of black colored blood from the external openings (mouth & nostrils etc.) − − कीट Kita These are different types of insects which have powerful sting organs with which they inject poison into the body. − − कीटैदशष्टानुग्रविषै्सऩशित् सभुऩाचायेत् kīṭairdaṣṭānugraviṣaiḥsarpavat samupācāret A bite by a strongly poisoned insect should be treated like poisoned snake bite to all intents and purposes. − − षेचावऩ स्िेदो न प्रततवषध्मतेकीटवि kīṭaviṣecāpi svedo na pratiṣidhyate Measure of fomentation (sweda) is not forbidden in a case of insect bite because the poison of an insect is mild and applications of heat do not increase its potency. − − तरेद Kleda Moistened, Wet − कोक्रकर् स्ियिैकृत्मॊ kokilaḥ svaravaikṛtyaṁ On being poisoned the voice of cuckoo becomes abnormal and hoarse. − − कोथ Kotha suppuration and sloughing,It is a symptom produced by insect of dooshivisha category (causing chronic poisoning). − − कोथ Kothah It is a symptom seen in third impulse of poisoning which means urticaria. − − क्रौञ्च Kraunca Heron − कृकराब Karkalabha Chameleon − कृकण्टक Karkantaka It is chameleon, belonging to reptile family, containing poison in its saliva. − − क्रोध Krodha Anger; Wrath − क्रोधविषभ् krodhaviṣam Poisoning due to anger Powerful enemies and even the servant and relations of the sovereign in a fit of anger poison the king. − − कृष्णा Krsna Black colour − कृष्णॊ चाततस्रित्मसृक् kṛṣṇaṁ cātisravatyasṛk Bite by a rabid animal results in copious flow of dark blood from the site of bite. − − कृत्रत्रभ विष kṛtrima viṣa Artificial/ synthetic poison − ऺाभस्िय kṣāmasvarā feeble voice. − − ऺाय kṣāra Alkaline substances obtained from plants through a specific procedure. − − ऺऩमेच्चविकामशत्िाोषान्धातून्भरानवऩ kṣapayeccavikāśitvāddoṣāndhātūnmalānapi − Because of disintegration property of poison it annihilates the root principles dosas (dhatus) and the malas (excreta) of the body. − − ऺयतत kṣarati The blood transudates when vitiated due to dushivisha. − − ऺतजॊ ऺताच्च नामातत kṣatajaṁ kṣatācca nāyāti It is a sign of death of a poisoned person in which there is absence of bleeding from ulcers. − − ऺतॊ kṣataṁ ` Laceration. − − ……… k...a Weak, Feeble − क्षऺततप्रदेशॊ विषदूवषतॊ kṣitipradeśaṁ viṣadūṣitaṁ Land affected by poison which causes swelling and burning sensation in those parts of body which comes in contact with it and nails and hair tend to fall off due to its effect. − − ऺुत् k.ut Hunger − कुणऩगन्ध kuṇapagandha Cadaverous smell − − ………………. kupyatyebhreśu nirhṛtam The poison of venomous rat/ mole even though apparently eliminated from the system may, sometimes, still get aggravated repeatadly on cloudy days or in foul weather. − − ……………… Kurmabha It is a characteristic feature of darvikara snake (group of cobra snake variety) bite having swelling resembling with shell of tortoise. − − तिाथ kvātha \ synonym of kashaya - boiled & filtered liquid of herbs for specific time used for the therapeutics & pharmaceutical manufacturing − − रारा Lala Saliva − रारा स्त्रािी् lālā strāvīḥ excessive salivation,Symptom of a rabid dog. − − रघु Laghu Light/ lightness; one among 20 gurvadi gunas. opposite of guru guna; caused due to activated vayu, agni, akasha mahabhutas; denotes physiological & pharmacological lightness; manifested by lightness in the body, easy to digest, stimulates agni, decreases all body tissues, pacifies kapha, aggravates vata, heals wounds; − रराट् lalāṭaḥ Forehead − − रसीका lasikā 1. A watery componant of the body, lymph, serum. 2. Mala of Rasa. 3. A site of Pitta. − − रिण lavaṇa Salty; one of the six rasa. − − रेऩ् lepaḥ This is a method of treatment in which medicines are used topically in the form of paste or ointment. − − रोभ Loma Body hairs − रोभहषशणभ् lomaharṣaṇam It is a symptom produced in animate type of poisoning which means raising of hairs. − − रूता Lūtā poisonous spiders which have poison in various sites in their body. − − रूताविषॊ घोयतभॊ दुविशऻेमतभॊ च तत् lūtāviṣaṁ ghoratamaṁ durvijñeyatamaṁ ca tat Cases of venomous spider bite are the most difficult to diagnose and treat. − − भाॊस धातु māṁsa dhātu Flesh. Third Dhātu among seven Dhātus, whose function is to provide covering over the skeleton. It is dominant of Pṛthvi Mahābhūta. − − भाॊसानाभिशातनॊ māṁsānāmavaśātanaṁ sloughing of the flesh produced by the bite of the Mandali (vipers) snake. − − भामसक प्राणहय मोग māsika prāṇahara yoga Harmful preparation made up of slow acting poisonous substances which prove to be fatal in a period of 1 month. − − भागाशियोध mārgāvarodha Obstruction of passage. − भद Mada Intoxication − − भदकायी Madakārī Substances which intoxicates & vitiates intellect; e.g. wine − − भद्म Madya The liquid doses form containing alcohols obtained by fermentation process − − भहाबूत Mahābhūta Great Elements; the five proto-elements AAkaasa, Vaayu, Teja, Jala and Prithvi which are the basic constituents of all substances − − भहानस Mahānasa kitchen. − भक्षऺका् makṣikāḥ flies with poisonous stings. − − भन्द Manda Dull/sluggish; One of the 20 gurvadi gunas. caused due activated prithvi & jala mahabhuta; denotes physiological & pharmacological slowing down of processes; instrumental for palliative therapy; pacifies pitta, increases kapha. − − भण्डर maṇḍala Circular patch, Round shaped − − भन्दिीमशत्िभ् Mandavīryatvam At the end of rainy season, the effect of poison becomes milder i.e. it becomes less potent and sluggish in action. − − भण्डूक maṇḍūka frog. − भन्त्र mantra Mantra is a word or the combination of the words, which if recited in a prescribed manner, the person is able to reach the god or can possess the immortal power to heal, which is considered to be the best and most effective amongst all the types of the treatment of poisoning. − − भयकत् marakataḥ emerald. − − भकशट markaṭa Monkey . − भशका् maśakāḥ mosquitoes. − भौरॊ च दॊष्रजभ् maulaṁ ca daṁṣṭrajam Inanimate type of poison neutralizes the animate poison. − − भमूयकण्ठप्रततभो mayūrakaṇṭhapratimo When poisonous food is put into fire, color of the flame changes vividly like peacock’s throat. − − भोह moha disorientation,Because of the sharpness property of poison, it overwhelms the mind (produces disorientations) and tends to disintegrate the marmas (vital points). − − − − − − − भृतसञ्जीिनभç mṛtasañjīvam Mruta sanjivan is an ancient classical therapy through which the life of even an almost dead person can be regained. This therapy can be used to nullify the toxic effects of almost all the types of toxins. − भुहुभुशहु् मशयोन्मास् The symptom where repeated jerks of the head (frequent dropping of the head) are seen if the quadruped is bitten by a poisonous animal. − भूकत्िॊ mūkatvaṁ Dumbness − भुखॊ mukhaṁ Mouth, Face, Opening − भुखगे त्िोष्ठधचमभधचभा mukhage tvoṣṭhacimicimā When poisonous food goes into the mouth, there is prickling sensation in the lips. − भुखसन्दश mukhasandaśa suckers − भुतत त्िक् mukta tvak Snake which has recently molted. − भुतत्िा कीटविषॊ तवद्द शीतेनामबप्रिधशते muktvā kīṭaviṣaṁ taddhi śītenābhipravardhate As a rule poisons are treated with remedies which have cold property. keet vish is an exceptions as it increases with use of cold − भूर mūla Root − भूरजातन त्स्थयाणण च mūlajāni sthirāṇi ca It is a group of poisons of immobile origin in which poison is especially present in its roots. − भूरभ् mūlam Root − भूच्छाश Mūrcchā Partial loss of consciousness; Fainting; Unconciousness − न फध्मन्ते na badhyante Not to be bandaged, ulcers due to scalds, in lepers, fleshy condylomata due to a bite from a poisonous rat or any other poisonous ulcers should not be bandaged. − नामबहते दण्डयाजी स्मात् nābhihate daṇḍarājī syāt It is a sign of death of a poisoned person in which bruise does not occur on the skin of the person even when hit by sticks. − नासा nāsā Nose − नासािबङ्गश्च् nāsāvabhaṅgaśc Bad prognostic sign resulting in the cases of snake bite which means that the nose bridge of the patient becomes bent or collapses. − नख nakha nails. − नखशातभ् Nakhaśātam Falling of the fingernails. − नकुर nakula It is a wild animal, which is included in animate group of poison, i.e. mangoose − नकुरतनत्जशता् nakulanirjitāḥ If the snakes are afflicted by the attacks of mongoose, then the poison of such snakes is mild in nature. − नऩुॊसक napuṁsaka Impotent. − नऩुॊसक napuṁsaka hermophrodite. − नस्म Nasya Administration of drugs by nasal route, all drugs and measures introduced through nose spread throughout the head and its constituent drugs may influence all the doshas, poisons and disease situated in these parts. − नस्मधूभाञ्जनार्दशु nasyadhūmāñjanādiśu A way to cause harm by administering the poison through the way of nasal application, inhalation (smoking) and collyrium − तनद्रा नाश nidrā nāśa Sleeplessness − नीरादीनाॊ तभसश्च् दशशनॊ nīlā dīnāṁ tamasaśc darśanaṁ Blue/dark vision It is a symptom produced in fifth impulse of poisoning which means that one’s vision becomes blue or in dark color. − नीरोष्ठ nīloṣṭha Bluishness of lips due to cyanosis (asphyxia) which is sign of (imminent) death of poisoned patient. − तनविशष nirviṣa Type of a non venomous snake bite which is marked by presence of one or more fang marks and absence of swelling and presence of slightly vitiated blood at the spot and is not attended with any change in physiological condition of the person bitten. − तनशाचय Niœacara Walking in night − तनश्िास niśvāsa breath (exhalation) − नष्ऩीडन् niṣpīḍan Compression, It is treatment procedure of poisoning in which expelling of poison is done by squeezing the area of bite where incision is not advisable. − ओष oṣa Burning sensation with sweating and restlessness. Localized burning sensation. − ओष्ठ् oṣṭhaḥ Lips − ऩादुका ऩादऩीठेषु pādukā pādapīṭheṣu Mode of administration of poison along with shoes or foot cushions. − ऩाक् pākaḥ Suppuration − ऩाण्डुभुख pāṁḍumukha Pallor on face. − ऩाण्डुत्िॊ pāṇḍutvaṁ Pale colour − ऩाणण् pāṇiḥ Hand. The part of the body attached to the forearm at the wrist − ऩाटनॊ pāṭanaṁ Cracks or breaking pain. − ऩािकोऩभॊ p.vakoupama. Character of poison is similar to fire so it gives rise to paittika (heat) symptoms in the body. − ऩऺसत्न्ध pakṣasandhi New moon or full moon, If a snake bites someone during the conjugation of two fortnights i.e. full moon day and new moon day, then it is incurable. − ...... pakvaœaya Large intestine. The major seat of Vata. − ऩन्नग् pannagaḥ snakes. − ...... Paridaha Burning sensation − ऩरयकततशका parikartikā Cutting pain − ऩरयषेक pari.eka Sprinkling or pouring the stream of medicated decoctions, milk, oil, ghee (clarified butter), takra (buttermilk) or meat juices over the body of the patients to minimize or to treat the effect of poison and disease. − पेनागभनॊ phenāgamanaṁ foaming at the mouth. − पेनिभी Phenavamī vomiting of frothy material − वऩत्च्छर् picchilaḥ the property of the substance which causes Slimness and stickyness − ऩीडा pīḍā Pain − वऩडका piḍakā Papule − वऩऩासा Pipāsā Thirst, a sensation of dryness in the mouth and throat associated with a desire for liquids. A synonym of Trsna. − वऩवऩमरका् pipilikāḥ Type of insect which means ants. Bite causes inflammatory swelling and burning sensation at the seat of bite resembling those produced contact with fire. − ऩीत pīta Yellow colour − वऩत्त pitta One of the three bodily Doṣas that is responsible for digestion and metabolism in the body. It is situated in umbilicus, stomach, sweat, lymph, blood, watery fluids of the body, eye and skin. It is predominant of Agni mahābhūta. Its attributes are: Sasneha (slightly unctuous), Tīkṣṇa (sharp), Uṣṇa (hot), Laghu (light), Visra (of pungent odour), Sara (flowing) and Drava (liquid). Pitta is of five types: Pācaka, Ālocaka, Raṅjaka, Bhrājaka and Sādhaka − प्रुष्टॊ pluṣṭaṁ Stage of a burn which is characterized by discoloring of its site and extreme burning and marked by absence of any vesicle or blister. − प्रागुत्ऩत्त्त Prāgutpatti Mythological origin of poison which indicates first emerging of poisons. − प्राणघ्नॊ तद्विकामसत्िात् prāṇaghnaṁ tadvikāsitvāt Because of vikasi attribute of poison, spreads all over the body, causes death. − − प्राप्त् प्रकृततविकाय् prāptaḥ prakṛtivikārah Abnormal behaviour, the person who administers poison to someone else can be identified as he is having derangement of his normal behavior. − प्रकाश prakāśa enlightening; caused due to substance with Agni mahabhuta predominance − प्रतरेद Prakleda Wet − प्रकृततॊ बजेत् prakṛtiṁ bhajet Death. − प्रराऩ pralāpa Incoherent speech; Delirious speech − प्रसवम कन्माॊ अऩहतो prasahya kanyāṁ apaharto Kidnapping of a girl or woman for sexual exploitation . − प्रसेक praseka silalorrhhea,during the first impulse of poisoning, the patient suffers from excessive salivation due to vitiation of rasa. − प्रस्राविणी prasrāviṇī oozing, In bee sting, an eruption appears quickly which oozes blackish liquid. − प्रततऩुयण pratipuraṇa prepacking,It is procedure in which sucking of the poisoned blood is done by filling the mouth cavity with linen before sucking − प्रततविषॊ prativiṣaṁ Agonis antidote,When the spread of poison becomes uncontrollable by mantra and tantra procedures and when the fifth phase of poison is over but the seventh phase is not over, prativisha (antitoxic substances) are to be made use of. This is the last resort in the treatment of poison and hence should be used only in extreme cases. Inanimate poison act upwards and animate poisons act downwards these opposing nature of actions of the said poisons are effectively made use of in prativisha therapy. − प्रविकीणशभात्रभ् pravikīrṇamātram with small spread. − ऩृषतो विसृजत्मॊश्रु pṛṣato visṛjatyaṁśru spotted deer. − ऩृष्ठेषु गजिात्जनाॊ pṛṣṭheṣu gajavājināṁ Mode of administration of poison to cause harm by applying the poison on the back of elephants & horses which were used as means of transport in ancient time. − ऩुरुषामबदष्ट puruṣābhidaṣṭa Person bitten by a male snake. − − ऩृष्ठेषु गजिात्जनाॊ pṛṣṭheṣu gajavājināṁ Mode of administration of poison to cause harm by applying the poison on the back of elephants & horses which were used as means of transport in ancient time − ऩुरुषामबदष्ट puruṣābhidaṣṭa Person bitten by a male snake. − ऩुरुषो घोयदशशन् puruṣo ghoradarśanaḥ A fearful and unpleasant looking person which emerged even before the yield of amruta when gods and demons churned the sea. − ऩुष्ऩभ् puṣpam flowers − ऩूतत pūti Foul smell − याग Raga Redness − यात्जभान् rājimān Rajiman (kraits variety of snakes) snakes with characteristic pattern of variegated color with spots and streak − यर्दत Radita A type of snake bite in which superficial puncture marks of snake fangs and the affected part being attended with reddish, bluish, whitish or yellowish lines or stripes and characterized by the presence of a very small quantity of venom in the punctured wound. − यततभोऺण raktamokṣaṇa Blood letting.It means the procedure of blood-letting for the therapeutic purposes for removing morbid dosha/ poisons with blood. Blood can be eliminated through scraping, application of horn or leech or venesection. It is practiced in poisoned blood and blood born diseases in pitta (billeous) predominant diseases and also in a few vata (neurological) disorders. − यौक्ष्म raukṣya Dryness − योषणॊ roṣaṇaṁ Anger − योभहषश् romaharṣaḥ Harripilaiton − रुऺभ् rukṣam Dry parching, Poison aggravates the bodily vayu in virtue of its parching quality − साद Sāda Depression,It is a symptom produced in first impulse of animal poisoning . − सद्म् sadyaḥ instant, immediate − सद्मप्राणहय धूभ sadyaprāṇahara dhūma Harmful smoke/fumes from a preparation which turn out to be fatal almost instantaneously − सद्मोव्रण sadyovraṇa fresh wound. − सभन्त्रऩूताम्फु प्रोऺणभ् samantrapūtāmbu prokṣaṇam In the condition of fear of poison, water sanctified by the mantras should be sprinkled over the patient’s body. − सॊदॊष्ट saṁdaṁṣṭa Bitten − सॊतरेदॊ गुडिद्गतॊ saṁkledaṁ guḍavadgataṁ Jaggery like stickiness, as poison originates from water & become sticky like jaggery when it comes in contact with water & spreads throughout body during rainy season. − सभुद्रभॊथन samudramaṁthana Churning of oceans for getting ambrosia/ nectar (mythology). − षण्ड ṣaṇḍa impotent/sterile. − सत्न्नर्हतागदभ् sannihitāgadam Physician should be fully provided with all kinds of antitoxic medicines − सऩाकॊ sapākaṁ suppuration, it is a symptom produced in animate type of poisoning which means inflammation which after certain period converts into suppurative stage − सऩाश् sarpāḥ snakes. − सऩशकीटहतॊ sarpakīṭahataṁ death due to snake bite/ insect sting − सऩशभणण sarpamaṇi Wearing of sarp-mani (a type of pearl or gem collected from the head of the snake) is useful as anti poison (antidote) and gives immunity against poisons (folklore). − सऩाशङ्गमबहतॊ sarpāṅgabhihataṁ It is a pseudo snake bite in which snake does not bite the body part but comes in contact but in a naturally timid person this may cause the aggravation of his bodily vayu (neurological signs) and causing swelling of part. Such a man is said affected by the touch of a snake. − सवऩशत् sarpit A type of snake bite in which marks (punctures) of fangs of considerable depth are found on the affected part attended with a slight bleeding as well as those which are extremely slender and own their origin to the turning aside and lowering of snakes’ mouth (head) immediately after the bite are attended with swelling and the characteristic changes (systemic). − शाखादष्ट śākhādaṣṭa bitten on limb. − शायीय व्रण śārīravraṇa Wounds caused by vitiation of doshas. − शङ्का विषॊ śaṅkā viṣaṁ suspension of poison,this is a psychological manifestation resulting from extreme nervousness and doubt due to dubious feeling of being bitten by a poisonous creature causes manifestation of symptoms of pseudo poison in the form of fever, vomiting, fainting, burning sensation, prostration, unconsciousness, diarrhoea. This condition is called fear poison. − शि Śava dead body. − शय्मा śayyā Bed, mode of administration of poison along with bedding. − शीघ्रगामभन् śīghragāminaḥ Swift, a feature which is characteristic of darvikar (cobra snake variety) snakes. − मशयोऽमबताऩी śiro'bhitāpī rage of sightest provocation, It is a symptom of rabid dog. − श्भशान śmaśāna Area for disposal of dead crematorium. − शोणणतागभनभुध्िशभधश्च śoṇitāgamanamurdhvamadhaśca It is a specific symptom of mandali (group of viper type snakes) which means that there is haemorrhage through both mouth and anus of the person being bitten. − शोणणतदुत्ष्ट śoṇitaduṣṭi Blood disorders. − शोप śopha Swelling; Oedema − श्रॄङ्गीविषॊ śrṝṅgīviṣaṁ Aconitum chasmanthum -STAPF HOLMES EX , a plant mentioned in poisonous plant category having poison in its root. − शुक Śūka sting (small,thorn like). − शुक्रविष śukraviṣA Animals with pisonous semen. − शून्म् śūnyaḥ Expressionless blank, it is a symptom produced in the third impulse of animal poisoning. − ... Œva dog. − श्िास Śvāsa Breathing; Often used in sense of Abnormal Breathing; Dyspnoea − श्िैत्मॊ śvaityaṁ White colour − श्िमथु Śvayathu Swelling; Oedema − श्िेत Śveta White colour − ..... Śyāva Bluish colour ; Cyan Colour − स्नामु Snāyu Tendon − त्स्नग्ध snigdha slimmy/unctous/oily; one of the 20 gurvadi gunas; caused due activated Jala mahabhuta; denotes physiological & pharmacological slimminess; manifested by moistening of body parts, increased strength and lusture; pacifies vata, increases kapha − सोग्रगन्ध्मसृक् sogragandhyas.k blood with intense odor. − स्राि srāva Exudation, Discharge − स्रस्ताङ्गश्च srastāṅgaśca Loosened limbs,it is a symptom produced in the third impulse of bird poisoning which means the bird develops slothness of the limbs. − स्रस्तौष्ठ कणशत srastauṣṭhakarṇatā pendulous lips and ears,the symptom of drooping (hanging down) of the lips and ears is seen if the quadruped is bitten by poisonous creature. − ...... stabdha Stiffness − स्तम्ब Stambha Fixedness , stiffness , rigidity , torpor , paralysis , stupefaction − स्थाियॊ sthāvaraṁ The poison obtained from inanimate things such as aconite, opium, cannabis, oleander, arsenic, orpiment etc. − ...... sthira Stabitlity; Immobility; One of the 20 gurvadi gunas; caused due activated prithvi; denotes physiological & pharmacological stability & immobility; causes obstruction; An attribute of Kapha − सूक्ष्भदॊष्राऩद suk.mada...rapado minute fang marks − सुक्ष्भ् suk.ma. the property of the substance which causes minuteness and decrease body mass − सूक्ष्भॊ sūkṣmaṁ minute,Poison penetrates into and deranges the minutest capillaries owing to its extreme subtle essence. − ........ suptiḥ Numbness − सुयासुय Surāsura Group of gods and demons who gathered for churning the sea to get ambrosia, in the quest of immortality − सूततकमा दष्ट sutikaya da..a bite by a recently delivered snake. − स्ियबेद Svarabheda Hoarseness of voice − स्िेद sveda Sweat, perspiration. Mala of Meda Dhātu. The function of Sveda is to withhold Kleda (watery portion) in the skin. − ताऩ tāpa Heat; Hotness; Temperature − .. ...... tama praveśa Black out − तन्द्रा tandrā Drowsiness; Torpor: lassitude ; characterized by a lack of vitality or energy − तीक्ष्ण tik..a sharpness/fast; one of the 20 gurvadi gunas; caused due activated agni; denotes physiological & pharmacological quickening of processes; instrumental for eliminative therapy; pacifies kapha & vata, increases pitta; causes irritation, burning & excretion. An attribute of Pitta. − ... toda Needling pain − ......... tuṇḍāhat It is a type of snake bite in which the place of contact is wet by the saliva of the snake but no marks of fangs are seen. − उदफॊध udabaṁdha Death by hanging − उदफॊधनीकृत कण्ठ udaba.dhan.k.ta ka..ha Hanging a corpse of murdered person to simulate suicide − उदकहतभ् Udakahatam Drowned. − उन्दुय undura Rats. − ..... Upadhāna A modality for treatment of poisoning Incision made on scalp (vertex) resembling the feet of the crow and then applying medicated paste or placing meat of goat, cow or buffalo over the incised scalp, which will absorb the poison from the body − उऩनाह Upanaha Poultice- application of these poultice which are prepared by substances which are unctuous, heavy, hot in properties, helps to pacify the vitiated vata. − ...... upaviṣaḥ A class of following semi poisonous plants − ......... .. ...... .rdhvabh.ga. tu m.lajam The tendency of poison of plant origin is to move upwards and affect the upper body . − ......... Utkarika Poultice- like preparation prepared with anti venomous drugs to soothe or aggravate and release the local doshas (impure body elements). − िैिण्मश vaivar.ya Discolouration. − िल्भीक valmīka Ant hill or termatorium. − िभन vamana Therapeutic emesis. − िभथु Vamathu Vomiting. − िस्त्र vastra Clothes. − ....... Vatsanabha A Poisonous Root Aconitum ferox having an appearance similar to that of the navel of a calf. − िेगान्तय Vegāntara Interval between two attacks (impulses) of poison − िेष्टन veṣṭana Envelop − विद्द Viddha sting/arrow poison − विकयण vikaraṇa derangement , because of subtle property of poison it penetrates into and deranges the minutest capillaries − विकणश नामसकॊ vikarṇa nāsikaṁ One whose ear and nose are cut. − विरूनऩऺ vilūnapakṣa Bird with wings cut off. − वियेक vireka therapeutic purgation. − विष दूवषत तृण viṣa dūṣita tṛṇa Poisoned grass. − विष आश्रमस्थान viṣa āśrayasthāna part containing poison in animals − विष अधधष्ठान viṣa adhiṣṭhāna poisonous part/ source of inanimate poison − विषाद vi..da Dejection; Depression − विषाधानॊ viṣādhānaṁ Vehicle of poison, blood is a vehicle for poison through which it circulates readily throughout the body producing fatal symptoms in the body. − विषान्िम viṣānvaya Potantially poisonous contamination − विषप्रद viṣāprada poisoner. − विषदाता viṣadātā poisoner − विषघाततमोग viṣaghātiyoga Antitoxic medication − विषघ्न viṣaghna Antitoxic medication − विषघ्नैगशदै् स्ऩृष्टभ् viṣaghnairgadaiḥ spṛṣṭam (The food) detoxified by antitoxic medication − विषहतभ् vi.ahatam death due to poisoning. − विषकन्मा viṣakanyā A girl/woman made poisonous by administering small amount of poison to her, right from birth becomes poisonous. − विषॊ vi.a. Poison − ....... vi.ap.ta. Person who had ingested poison. − विषसिाि viṣasadbhāva presence of toxicity − विषसॊकटॊ vi.asa.ka.a. catastrohic stage of poisoning, a combination of factors like bodily constitution, season, food, vitiated body elements which on being present simultaneously produce fulminating symptoms in the victim − विषसूदन viṣasūdana Antitoxic − विषिगश viṣavarga Class of poisons − विषिेग् impulse (attacks) of poison, a poison produces 7 attacks in human, 4 in animals, 3 in bird. Impuse occurwhen poison cross one compartment/ membrane (kala) to invade the next. − ....... vi.av.rya Power of poison. − विशद viśada Non adhesiveness − विशधधशत Viśardhita flatus − ...... viśīrṇa Decaying − विषोऩद्रि viṣopadrava Complications/secondary diseases due to poisoning. − विषोऩद्रि viṣopadrava Complications/secondary diseases due to poisoning. − विषोऩद्रि viṣopadrava Complications/secondary diseases due to poisoning. − विषोऩसगश viṣopasarga Poisoning. − व्रण vraṇa Ulcer − ..... .... vraṇa viddha Punctured or stab wound − ......... v.scika scorpions. − व्माघ्र vyāghra tiger. − व्मारीढ vyali.ha It is a type of snake bite in which marks of one- two fangs are seen but there is no bleeding − ........... Vyaluptam It is a type of snake bite in which marks of two fangs are seen along with bleeding − मभरा छामा yamalā chāyā Dual shadow − − − − − − − − − 1)Krodhapracuratä Excessive anger A disease caused due to vitiation of the blood, the term denotes wrath / excessive anger − 2)kandu Itching sensation A peculiar irritating sensation in the skin that arouses the − desire to scratch. − dāhaḥ (दाहः) Generalized or severe burning sensation. An abnormal condition characterized by generalized or severe burning sensation. − shotha. − Edema / swelling An accumulation of an excessive amount of watery fluid − in tissues or serous cavities of the body, generally getting − accumulated between the layer of skin and muscles. − .murcha Syncope. A fatal condition characterized by loss of consciousness − and postural tone due to vitiation of blood. − Aruci Ageusia, lack of intrest − The term signifies the complete or partial loss of the − taste. Disapproval of food even after it has been taken in − the mouth due to lack of perception of the taste in the − mouth. − bhraṁśa Downward − displacement. The term signifies an abnormal act of getting displaced − downwards form its normal place. − Hikkä Hiccoughs Hiccoughs A disease characterized by production of peculiar sound − like hic-hic by mouth. − Chardi Vomiting. A disease in which vomiting is the main symptom. − aṁsābhitāpaḥ. Paraesthesia, − Increased − temperature at − shoulder region The term signifies altered sensation characterized by − intense feeling of burning sensation or rise of the − temperature in the vicinity of the shoulder region. − arti asthnoh − . Pain in bones The term signifies churning like pain in bones. − avasādaḥ − अवसादः Depression / − Fatigue / Sinking The term signifies many meanings like depression, − fatigue, and sinking. − asahiṣṇutā − असिहुता − − Intolerance − physical and − psychological − The term signifies severely sensitivity or allergic to an act − / substance. − Aam From of toxins − It is used as a technical word for anything that exists in a − state of incomplete transformation. It is mentioned in − various contexts like − a) In particular, it can refer to a toxic byproduct generated − due to improper or incomplete digestion. − b) Toxins that were produced at any stage of metabolism − and that are circulating through the channels are also − sometimes. − c) The first stage of any disease is also frequently. − d) Any substance which is present in its abnormal state − and is unwanted in the body. − It represents, in a gross sense, mere indigestion which − begins in the stomach, to, in a finer sense, even a faulty − enzymatic pathway that prevents or hampers a metabolic − cycle or chain. It is a very important factor playing a − pivotal role in the genesis of any disease. It is also − important in determining the prognosis, drug selection − and all other stages of therapy. − āvṛttaḥ − आवृ. Enveloped, − Covered, − Overlapped − The term signifies to be complete enclosure of one entity − by another in the body. A movable entity only can be − enveloped or get fully covered by another entity which is − either stable or mobile in the body leading to hindrance to − their movements or functions. − Tiktāsyatā − Bitterness in mouth A form of Dysgeusia characterized by bitter taste in − mouth. − Upadrava − Secondary diseases The diseases that develop subsequent to a disease or − during, the course of the main disease that is being − treated, and is dependent upon the main disease for its − origination, nature and the strength. It is called secondary − in the sense that its onset follows the presence of the − primary disease. − Kämala − Jaundice. A disease originating due to increased pitta doña , which − may be a resultant of pittaja Paandu; wherein there is − generalized yellowish discoloration of the body, and − passing orange colored red urine and normal colored − stools. − Kasa − Cough A disease characterized by excessive cough either dry or − with mucous − − − gauravam − गौरवम − Heaviness. The term signifies heaviness or a feeling of heaviness. − indriya gauravaṁ − इिय गौरवं − --- − Heaviness of sense organ, it means inability of the sense − organs to perceive their objects. − gauravaṁ aṅgasyac. − Feeling of heaviness of body parts. − nidrädhikyam − − Hypersomnia An abnormal condition characterized by excessive sleep − Pandu Pallor of body, − Anemia. The term literally means paleness of the skin and mucosa − along with yellowish discoloration of urine and feces; − marked by lack of blood, strength complexion, body fat − and essence of the body tissues. − picchilaù − Stickiness The term signifies stickiness or sliminess. − bhrama. Vertigo / dizziness A sensation of spinning or whirling motion or a definite − sensation of rotation of the subject or of objects about − the subject in any plane. − Ruja Uncomfortable − feelings. The term signifies any kind of uncomfortable feelings − like pain etc. − Vedanä − Sensation of pain, − discomfort. The term signifies sensation of discomfort or pain in the − body. − sannyäsa. Coma . A state of profound unconsciousness where the person − becomes like a log of wood which leads to death unless − untreated; may be due to the action of an ingested toxic − substance or of one formed in the body, to trauma, or to − disease. − Suptatä − Numbness Term for abnormal sensation, including absent or − reduced sensory perception as well as paresthesias. − stambhaù − Stiffness Restricted movements − mukhasräva − Excessive − salivation − An abnormal condition characterized by excessive − salivation − Hrilläsa − Nausea − Sensation of nausea caused due to upward (towards − mouth) movement of the aggravation of the doñä; − associated with excessive salivation and discomfort in the − chest and abdomen. − Agada − . Drug, Antidote, − antitoxic drug. − Literally means drug or medicine, the expression agada is specifically used in the sense of treatment of poisonous or toxic conditions − Sanjna nasha Unconsciousness Complete loss of consciousness either reversible or non reversible. − It is the state devoid of sensorial or psychological − perception. − shiroruk. headache. A symptom occurring in many diseases and it indicates − headache.
→Gender wise classification of snakes
The gender wise classification of snakes is based on several features. The same is explained in Sushruta samhita.(Su.Sam.Ka.4/35). Presently the classification of a snake based on the sex can be made only after proper examination of the sex organs or by popping probing ( methods used to confirm the sex of a snake). Apart from this, the sexual dimorphism is also explained based on body size etc which stimulates the above mentioned description.
The gender wise classification of snakes is based on several features. The same is explained in Sushruta samhita.(Su.Sam.Ka.4/35). Presently the classification of a snake based on the sex can be made only after proper examination of the sex organs or by popping probing ( methods used to confirm the sex of a snake). Apart from this, the sexual dimorphism is also explained based on body size etc which stimulates the above mentioned description.
Godha:
===== ''Godha'' (monitor) =====
The same description of godha has been explained in Ashtanga Hrudaya. (A.H.U.36/7). Though there is no such cross breed between a snake and a lizard, in the process of evolution, the snakes are derived from the lizards and both have several features in common. Some lizards can even spread out their upper neck stimulating a cobra or Darveekara Sarpa.(animals.pawnation.com/characteristics-lizards-snakes-have-8612.html) may be such varieties are explained as gaudheyaka.
The same description of ''godha'' has been explained in Ashtanga Hridaya. (A.H.U.36/7). Though there is no such cross breed between a snake and a lizard, in the process of evolution, the snakes are derived from the lizards and both have several features in common. Some lizards can even spread out their upper neck stimulating a cobra or ''Darveekara Sarpa''.(animals.pawnation.com/characteristics-lizards-snakes-have-8612.html) may be such varieties are explained as ''gaudheyaka''.
Types of luta (spiders):
Types of luta (spiders):
BROWN RECLUSE SPIDER: BLACK WIDOW SPIDER:
BROWN RECLUSE SPIDER: BLACK WIDOW SPIDER:
Loxosceles reclusa Latrodectus mactans
Loxosceles reclusa Latrodectus mactans
=== Glossary ===
=== Glossary ===