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===== ''Mandali sarpa'': Comparision- Russell's viper, pit vipers, saw scaled vipers =====

===== ''Mandali sarpa'': Comparision- Russell's viper, pit vipers, saw scaled vipers =====

====== '''Russell’s viper (Daboia russelli):''' ======

====== Russell’s viper (Daboia russelli) ======

Is the most beautiful of all snakes, average 3 ft. stout with 3 longitudinal series of conspicuous, large, brown or black oval marks on brown or yellowish brown body. Its head is flat, triangular with a ‘V’ shaped mark on it, pointed end towards the front. Its tail is short and thin. Its head is covered by small scales.  

Is the most beautiful of all snakes, average 3 ft. stout with 3 longitudinal series of conspicuous, large, brown or black oval marks on brown or yellowish brown body. Its head is flat, triangular with a ‘V’ shaped mark on it, pointed end towards the front. Its tail is short and thin. Its head is covered by small scales.  

====== '''Saw scaled viper:''' ======

====== Saw scaled viper ======

It is small and thin snake with 1-1.5 ft in length. Has a triangular head and possesses small scales on the top of head. Has a short and thin tail. Is brown/ brick red/ gray/sand coloured with zig-zag patterns on the back. Head has arrow shaped mark over it.

It is small and thin snake with 1-1.5 ft in length. Has a triangular head and possesses small scales on the top of head. Has a short and thin tail. Is brown/ brick red/ gray/sand coloured with zig-zag patterns on the back. Head has arrow shaped mark over it.

====== '''Pit vipers:''' ======

====== Pit vipers ======

20 species of pit vipers found in India all in Viperidae, different genus. They are so called because of pit located between nostril and eye.The membrane in the pit is extremely sensitive to heat- this helps the snake to locate its warm blooded prey even in pitch darkness. Usually found in forest areas and plantations.1-3.5 ft.Has a triangular head broader than the neck. All have vertical pupils. It is venomous, anyhow out of 20 species in India- fatalities less reported.

20 species of pit vipers found in India all in Viperidae, different genus. They are so called because of pit located between nostril and eye.The membrane in the pit is extremely sensitive to heat- this helps the snake to locate its warm blooded prey even in pitch darkness. Usually found in forest areas and plantations.1-3.5 ft.Has a triangular head broader than the neck. All have vertical pupils. It is venomous, anyhow out of 20 species in India- fatalities less reported.

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Rajiman Sarpa- Comparision- Common and Banded Krait:

===== ''Rajiman Sarpa''- Comparision- Common and Banded Krait =====

Common Krait: Bungarus caeruleus:

====== Common Krait: Bungarus caeruleus ======

This snake is seen in fields, jungle, in vicinity of human habitation, inside houses also. It is about 3-5ft. Steel blue, bluish grey, glossy black, brownish black with cross bands of narrow white colour. Fore body may sometimes be free from cross bands.Is nocturnal.Is shy in day, active at night.

This snake is seen in fields, jungle, in vicinity of human habitation, inside houses also. It is about 3-5ft. Steel blue, bluish grey, glossy black, brownish black with cross bands of narrow white colour. Fore body may sometimes be free from cross bands.Is nocturnal.Is shy in day, active at night.  

 

Has limited distribution in India. Found in south, west or north east India.Is about 5 ft.Its body is triangular in cross section with a prominent raised vertebral ridge.Uppermost row of scales on the back is very large and 6 sided.Moves in night.

Has limited distribution in India. Found in south, west or north east India.Is about 5 ft.Its body is triangular in cross section with a prominent raised vertebral ridge.Uppermost row of scales on the back is very large and 6 sided.Moves in night.

   

   

The gender wise classification of snakes is based on several features. The same is explained in Sushruta samhita.(Su.Sam.Ka.4/35). Presently the classification of a snake based on the sex can be made only after proper examination of the sex organs or by popping probing ( methods used to confirm the sex of a snake). Apart from this, the sexual dimorphism is also explained based on body size etc which stimulates the above mentioned description.  

The gender wise classification of snakes is based on several features. The same is explained in Sushruta samhita.( Su.Sam.Ka.4/35).Presently the classification of a snake based on the sex can be made only after proper examination of the sex organs or by popping probing ( methods used to confirm the sex of a snake- ref: www.csus.edu/org/critters/CRITTERS/critters/gndrdetr.htm). Apart from this, the sexual dimorphism is also explained based on body size etc which stimulates the above mentioned description. (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1688872)

Godha:

Godha: