Changes

=== Abstract ===

=== Abstract ===

 

[[Anujyoti]] explicates the signs and symptoms of imminent death due to diminution of ''Agni'' (factor responsible for digestion and metabolism). The components of life like lifespan, strength, complexion, enthusiasm, health, growth, luster, and immunity are dependent upon the status of ''agni''. Diminution of its power causes generalized symptoms indicative of imminent death. Declaration of the estimated time for death might be based on experience of many experts of that time, which can now be reestablished in light of present scientific developments. The clinical signs and symptoms given in this chapter are useful as an additional information for assessment of prognosis.  

[[Anujyoti]] explicates the signs and symptoms of imminent death due to diminution of ''Agni'' (factor responsible for digestion and metabolism). The components of life like lifespan, strength, complexion, enthusiasm, health, growth, luster, and immunity are dependent upon the status of ''agni''. Diminution of its power causes generalized symptoms indicative of imminent death. Declaration of the estimated time for death might be based on experience of many experts of that time, which can now be reestablished in light of present scientific developments. The clinical signs and symptoms given in this chapter are useful as an additional information for assessment of prognosis.  

'''Keywords''': ''Anujyoti, Arista, Bali'', digestion.

'''Keywords''': ''Anujyoti, Arista, Bali'', digestion.

 

=== Introduction ===

=== Introduction ===

 

The present chapter, ''Anujyotiyamindriyam'' , or [[Anujyoti]], deals with near death signs that arise due to decrease in digestive capacity of a person i.e. ''jatharagni''. The chapter indicates importance of digestive and metabolic functions of ''agni''. The ingested food is helpful and nutritive to body only if, it passes through various digestive and metabolic processes successfully. This food nourishes the body at cellular level and it reflects in the form of good complexion, strength, good health, enthusiasm, and nourishment to formation of ''ojas''. Some part of food digested with the help of ''agni'' nourishes sensory organs along with ''mana'' (mind) too. Ayurveda has emphasized the importance of quality and quantity of Agni for metabolic activity of the body, that if the ''agni'' works well, the person lives long and if it ceases; the person is going to die.<ref>Acharya JT, editor. Charak Samhita of Agnivesha, Chikitsasthana 4th ed. Ch. 15, Ver. 4. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Surabharati Prakashana; 1994. p. 512 </ref>   

The present chapter, ''Anujyotiyamindriyam'' , or [[Anujyoti]], deals with near death signs that arise due to decrease in digestive capacity of a person i.e. ''jatharagni''. The chapter indicates importance of digestive and metabolic functions of ''agni''. The ingested food is helpful and nutritive to body only if, it passes through various digestive and metabolic processes successfully. This food nourishes the body at cellular level and it reflects in the form of good complexion, strength, good health, enthusiasm, and nourishment to formation of ''ojas''. Some part of food digested with the help of ''agni'' nourishes sensory organs along with ''mana'' (mind) too. Ayurveda has emphasized the importance of quality and quantity of Agni for metabolic activity of the body, that if the ''agni'' works well, the person lives long and if it ceases; the person is going to die.<ref>Acharya JT, editor. Charak Samhita of Agnivesha, Chikitsasthana 4th ed. Ch. 15, Ver. 4. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Surabharati Prakashana; 1994. p. 512 </ref>   

Further, status of dying person is described briefly that, he may develop aversion to all loving and respectful persons, friends, food (and other basic essentials for surviving) etc. as his soul is almost in position to detach this body and preparing self to travel to other world. The chapter defines ''arishta'' with a new dimension. The concomitant aggravation of ''dosha'' (either qualitative or quantitative) with life-threatening diminution of ''dhatu'' is significant in the prediction of death.

Further, status of dying person is described briefly that, he may develop aversion to all loving and respectful persons, friends, food (and other basic essentials for surviving) etc. as his soul is almost in position to detach this body and preparing self to travel to other world. The chapter defines ''arishta'' with a new dimension. The concomitant aggravation of ''dosha'' (either qualitative or quantitative) with life-threatening diminution of ''dhatu'' is significant in the prediction of death.

 

===Sanskrit text, Transliteration and English Translation===

===Sanskrit text, Transliteration and English Translation===

vikRutyA vinimittaM yaH shobhAmupacayaM dhanam|  

vikRutyA vinimittaM yaH shobhAmupacayaM dhanam|  

prApnotyato vA vibhraMshaM samAntaM tasya jIvitam||6||  

prApnotyato vA vibhraMshaM samAntaM tasya jIvitam||6||  

 

When a person offers ''bali'' (an offering a piece of daily meal) to crow and it does not accept it this indicates of death within a year for the offering person.  

When a person offers ''bali'' (an offering a piece of daily meal) to crow and it does not accept it this indicates of death within a year for the offering person.  

Sudden gain or loss of luster, body weight, or wealth without any reasons indicates death of the person within one year thereafter. [6]

Sudden gain or loss of luster, body weight, or wealth without any reasons indicates death of the person within one year thereafter. [6]

 

भक्तिः शीलं स्मृतिस्त्यागो बुद्धिर्बलमहेतुकम्|  

भक्तिः शीलं स्मृतिस्त्यागो बुद्धिर्बलमहेतुकम्|  

षडेतानि निवर्तन्ते षड्भिर्मासैर्मरिष्यतः||७||  

षडेतानि निवर्तन्ते षड्भिर्मासैर्मरिष्यतः||७||  

pramuhya lu~jcayet keshAn parigRuhNAtyatIva [4] ca|  

pramuhya lu~jcayet keshAn parigRuhNAtyatIva [4] ca|  

naraH svasthavadAhAramabalaH [5] kAlacoditaH||17||  

naraH svasthavadAhAramabalaH [5] kAlacoditaH||17||  

 

If there is noticeable emaciation or swelling of hands and feet along with face and without body (trunk) involvement, he will not survive for more than a month.[12]

If there is noticeable emaciation or swelling of hands and feet along with face and without body (trunk) involvement, he will not survive for more than a month.[12]

A person, who pulls out his hair in fainting state, eats food like healthy person and still remains weak should be considered as captured by death. [17]

A person, who pulls out his hair in fainting state, eats food like healthy person and still remains weak should be considered as captured by death. [17]

 

समीपे चक्षुषोः कृत्वा मृगयेताङ्गुलीकरम्|  

समीपे चक्षुषोः कृत्वा मृगयेताङ्गुलीकरम्|  

स्मयतेऽपि च कालान्ध ऊर्ध्वगानिमिषेक्षणः  ||१८||  

स्मयतेऽपि च कालान्ध ऊर्ध्वगानिमिषेक्षणः  ||१८||  

shayanAdAsanAda~ggAt kAShThAt kuDyAdathApi vA|  

shayanAdAsanAda~ggAt kAShThAt kuDyAdathApi vA|  

asanmRugayate ki~jcit sa muhyan kAlacoditaH||19||  

asanmRugayate ki~jcit sa muhyan kAlacoditaH||19||  

 

The person who searches for his own fingers and hands putting them before his eyes and smiles with upward gaze and unblinking should be considered as blinded by death, [18]

The person who searches for his own fingers and hands putting them before his eyes and smiles with upward gaze and unblinking should be considered as blinded by death, [18]

A person who is lying on his bed but is searching for his bed continuously, sitting on chair and searching his own seat, searching his own organs, walking with the stick and searching the same, and searching the walls of his own room, or while working with something and searching the same, are the symptoms of the imminent death of that person. [19]

A person who is lying on his bed but is searching for his bed continuously, sitting on chair and searching his own seat, searching his own organs, walking with the stick and searching the same, and searching the walls of his own room, or while working with something and searching the same, are the symptoms of the imminent death of that person. [19]

 

अहास्यहासी सम्मुह्यन् प्रलेढि  दशनच्छदौ|  

अहास्यहासी सम्मुह्यन् प्रलेढि  दशनच्छदौ|  

शीतपादकरोच्छ्वासो यो नरो न स जीवति||२०||  

शीतपादकरोच्छ्वासो यो नरो न स जीवति||२०||  

=== ''Tattva Vimarsha'' ===

=== ''Tattva Vimarsha'' ===

 

*Optimum quality and quantity of ''agni'' is necessary for sustenance of life.

*Optimum quality and quantity of ''agni'' is necessary for sustenance of life.

*Stable mental status, complexion and mental strength are markers to predict lifespan of patient.  

*Stable mental status, complexion and mental strength are markers to predict lifespan of patient.  

As per ancient classical texts, life span of everyone is fixed and pre-ordained. No one can add years to the life only quality of life can be improved with medications. The same thing is meant here when it is said that death is the destiny of patient and that desirable quality of medicine, human resource and all other things cannot make the person outlive his destined lifespan.[27]

As per ancient classical texts, life span of everyone is fixed and pre-ordained. No one can add years to the life only quality of life can be improved with medications. The same thing is meant here when it is said that death is the destiny of patient and that desirable quality of medicine, human resource and all other things cannot make the person outlive his destined lifespan.[27]

 

=== Glossary ===

=== Glossary ===