Changes

The first cardinal sign of this deterioration is ''tamapravesha'' , i.e., ''jnana abhava'' or loss of knowledge and the ability to acquire new knowledge. The second cardinal sign,  ''bibhatsa cheshta'',  indicates involuntary movements of body due to lack of brain’s control or improper coordination.  Sushruta narrated that due to these features of ''apasmara'', the disease often leads to death (''antakrita''). Dallhana comments that the dreadfulness of this disease is due to the fact that an afflicted person may fall into water or fire due to lack of orientation.   

The first cardinal sign of this deterioration is ''tamapravesha'' , i.e., ''jnana abhava'' or loss of knowledge and the ability to acquire new knowledge. The second cardinal sign,  ''bibhatsa cheshta'',  indicates involuntary movements of body due to lack of brain’s control or improper coordination.  Sushruta narrated that due to these features of ''apasmara'', the disease often leads to death (''antakrita''). Dallhana comments that the dreadfulness of this disease is due to the fact that an afflicted person may fall into water or fire due to lack of orientation.   

==== Impairment of knowledge and co-ordination ====

==== Impairment of knowledge and coordination ====

   

   

Fig. 2: Faculty involved in attainment of knowledge  

Fig. 2: Faculty involved in attainment of knowledge  

In conventional medicine, three major factors that cause disturbance in cerebral neurotransmission leading to blackouts and epilepsy viz. hypo-perfusion, hypo-metabolism, and hypoxia have been described in relevant medical texts. These disturbances lead to abnormal discharges, improper signal transduction in the neurotransmitter channels, and seizures. As a consequence, cellular dysfunctions in the brain, disruptions of the memory mechanism, and disturbed coordination of movements may occur causing the clinical manifestation of ''apasmara''. The role of these three factors and its impact on memory and cellular dysfunction in the pathogenesis of epilepsy need to be elucidated. The three pathological effects are comparable to the changes created by vitiation of ''kapha, pitta'' and ''vata''. Differentiation between these three types of manifestations is described further.  

In conventional medicine, three major factors that cause disturbance in cerebral neurotransmission leading to blackouts and epilepsy viz. hypo-perfusion, hypo-metabolism, and hypoxia have been described in relevant medical texts. These disturbances lead to abnormal discharges, improper signal transduction in the neurotransmitter channels, and seizures. As a consequence, cellular dysfunctions in the brain, disruptions of the memory mechanism, and disturbed coordination of movements may occur causing the clinical manifestation of ''apasmara''. The role of these three factors and its impact on memory and cellular dysfunction in the pathogenesis of epilepsy need to be elucidated. The three pathological effects are comparable to the changes created by vitiation of ''kapha, pitta'' and ''vata''. Differentiation between these three types of manifestations is described further.  

Per [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayurveda Ayurveda], ''smriti'' is ''atmaja'' (originated from the soul) and ''sattvaja'' (originated from the mind). This means that ''smriti'' (memory) of a person is essentially related with soul and mind. The Bhagavad Gita describes the consequences of excessive indulgence in sensory activities leading to excessive affliction resulting in an increase in passion, then anger, and then lack of knowledge. This further leads to deterioration of ''smriti'' and then affecting the intellect. This sequence lays the ground for ''apasmara''.  

Per [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayurveda Ayurveda], ''smriti'' is ''atmaja'' (originated from the soul) and ''sattvaja'' (originated from the mind). This means that ''smriti'' (memory) of a person is essentially related with soul and mind. The Bhagavad Gita describes the consequences of excessive indulgence in sensory activities leading to excessive affliction resulting in an increase in passion, then anger, and then lack of knowledge. This further leads to deterioration of ''smriti'' and then affecting the intellect. This sequence lays the ground for ''apasmara''.

==== ''Tattva Sara'' ====

==== ''Tattva Sara'' ====