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Line 276: + + − pUrvarUpANi bhavanti;tadyathA-devagobrAhmaNatapasvinAM+ − aratiH,ojovarNacchAyAbalavapuShAmupataptiH,svapne+ − The premonitory symptoms of exogenous unmada are as follows: − • Desire for inflicting injury upon the gods, cows, brahmins and ascetics; − • Anger; − • Desire for inflicting cruel acts, torture, etc. on living beings − • Restlessness − • Impairment of ojas, colour, complexion and physical strength − • Abuse and incitement of the gods etc. in dreams. − + + + + + + + + + + + + − + − − • Godly spirits cause devonmada (divine unmada) − • Preceptors, elders, adepts and ascetics cause unmada by their curse − • Ancestors by manifesting themselves; − • Gandharvas by their touch; − • Yakshas by entering the host; − • Rakshasas by making the person inhale the odour of their bodies, − • Pishachas by seizing and riding the host.[12] − + + + + + + + + + + + − + − + − + + + + + − unmādayiṣyatāmapi khalu dēvarṣipitr̥gandharvayakṣarākṣasapiśācānāṁ guruvr̥ddhasiddhānāṁ vā ēṣvantarēṣvabhigamanīyāḥ puruṣā bhavanti; tadyathā- pāpasyakarmaṇaḥ samārambhē, pūrvakr̥tasya vā karmaṇaḥ pariṇāmakālē, ēkasya vā śūnyagr̥havāsē catuṣpathādhiṣṭhānē vā, sandhyāvēlāyāmaprayatabhāvē vāparvasandhiṣu vā mithunībhāvē, rajasvalābhigamanē vā, viguṇē vā'dhyayanabalimaṅgalahōmaprayōgē, niyamavratabrahmacaryabhaṅgē vā, mahāhavē vā,dēśakulapuravināśē vā, mahāgrahōpagamanē vā, striyā vā prajananakālē, vividhabhūtāśubhāśucisparśanē vā, vamanavirēcanarudhirasrāvē, aśucēraprayatasya vācaityadēvāyatanābhigamanē vā, māṁsamadhutilaguḍamadyōcchiṣṭē vā, digvāsasi vā, niśi nagaranigamacatuṣpathōpavanaśmaśānāghātanābhigamanē vā,dvijagurusurayatipūjyābhidharṣaṇē vā, dharmākhyānavyatikramē vā, anyasya vā karmaṇō'praśastasyārambhē, ityabhighātakālā vyākhyātā bhavanti||14|| − Unmadayisyatamapi khalu devarShipitRugandharvayakSharAkShasapishAcAnAM guruvRuddhasiddhAnAM vA eShvantareShvabhigamanIyAH puruShA bhavanti;tadyathA- pApasyam,karmaNaH samArambhe, pUrvakRutasya vA NaH pariNAmakAle,ekasya vA shUnyagRuhavAse catuShpathAdhiShThAne vA,sandhyAvelAyAmaprayatabhAvevA parvasandhiShu vA mithunIbhAve, rajasvalAbhigamane vA, viguNe vA~adhyayanabalima~ggalahomaprayoge, niyamavratabrahmacaryabha~ggevA,mahAhave vA,deshakulapuravinAshe vA, mahAgrahopagamane vA, striyA vA prajananakAle, vividhabhUtAshubhAshucisparshane vA,vamanavirecanarudhirasrAve,ashuceraprayatasyavAcaityadevAyatanAbhigamanevA,mAMsamadhutilaguDamadyocchiShTevA,digvAsasi vA,nishi nagaranigama catuShpathopavana shmashAnAghAtanAbhigamane vA,dvijagurusurayatipUjyAbhidharShaNe vA, dharmAkhyAnavyatikrame vA, anyasya vA karma No~aprashastasyArambhe, tyabhighAtakAlA vyAkhyAtA bhavanti||14|| − Persons get afflicted by unmada caused by godly spirits, ascetics, ancestors, gandharvas, yakshas, rakshasas, pishachas, preceptors, elders and adepts in the following circumstances, places and time: − • In the beginning of sinful acts; − • When the consequences of prior (sinful) acts of the person (committed in the present life or the past) manifest their effect (karmic effects); − • (Living) in a deserted house or crossing roads alone; − • Sexual intercourse during the junctures of day and night or during the new moon and full moon nights (considered inappropriate and inauspicious for sex). − • Sexual intercourse with a lady during her menstrual period; − • Recitation of scriptures, religious offerings, auspicious rites and sacrifices in improper manner. − • Dishonoring a vow and discontinuing a religious duty or observance of celibacy − • Fierce battles; − • Destruction of countries, communities and towns; − • Onset of inauspicious planets in the sky; − • Post-partum depression; − • Coming in contact with different types of inauspicious and unclean creatures; − • Emesis, purgation and bleeding; − • Visiting a chaitya (sacred tree) or temple when unclean and not following the prescribed rules; − • Not using mouthwash after eating meat, honey, sesame seeds, sugar candy and alcohol; − • While being naked; − • Visiting cities, towns, crossroads, gardens, cremation grounds, slaughter houses at night; − Insulting dvija (twice born), preceptors, Gods and divinities, ascetics and the learned; − + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Line 353:
Line 374: +
→Premonitory symptoms of exogenous unmada
तत्र देवादिप्रकोपनिमित्तेनागन्तुकोन्मादेन पुरस्कृतस्येमानि पूर्वरूपाणि भवन्ति; तद्यथा- देवगोब्राह्मणतपस्विनां हिंसारुचित्वं, कोपनत्वं, नृशंसाभिप्रायता,अरतिः ओजोवर्णच्छायाबल वपुषामुपतप्तिः, स्वप्ने च देवादिभिरभिभर्त्सनंप्रवर्तनं चेति; ततोऽनन्तरमुन्मादाभिनिर्वृत्तिः||११||
तत्र देवादिप्रकोपनिमित्तेनागन्तुकोन्मादेन पुरस्कृतस्येमानि पूर्वरूपाणि भवन्ति; तद्यथा- देवगोब्राह्मणतपस्विनां हिंसारुचित्वं, कोपनत्वं, नृशंसाभिप्रायता,अरतिः ओजोवर्णच्छायाबल वपुषामुपतप्तिः, स्वप्ने च देवादिभिरभिभर्त्सनंप्रवर्तनं चेति; ततोऽनन्तरमुन्मादाभिनिर्वृत्तिः||११||
tatra dēvādiprakōpanimittēnāgantukōnmādēna puraskr̥tasyēmāni pūrvarūpāṇi bhavanti; tadyathā- dēvagōbrāhmaṇatapasvināṁ hiṁsārucitvaṁ, kōpanatvaṁ,nr̥śaṁsābhiprāyatā, aratiḥ, ōjōvarṇacchāyābalavapuṣāmupataptiḥ, svapnē ca dēvādibhirabhibhartsanaṁ pravartanaṁ cēti; tatō'nantaramunmādābhinirvr̥ttiḥ||11||
tatra dēvādiprakōpanimittēnāgantukōnmādēna puraskr̥tasyēmāni pūrvarūpāṇi bhavanti; tadyathā- dēvagōbrāhmaṇatapasvināṁ hiṁsārucitvaṁ, kōpanatvaṁ,nr̥śaṁsābhiprāyatā, aratiḥ, ōjōvarṇacchāyābalavapuṣāmupataptiḥ, svapnē ca dēvādibhirabhibhartsanaṁ pravartanaṁ cēti; tatō'nantaramunmādābhinirvr̥ttiḥ||11||
tatra devAdiprakopanimittenAgantukonmAdena puraskRutasyemAni
tatra devAdiprakopanimittenAgantukonmAdena puraskRutasyemAni
pUrvarUpANi bhavanti;tadyathA-devagobrAhmaNatapasvinAM
hiMsArucitvaM,kopanatvaM, nRushaMsAbhiprAyatA,
hiMsArucitvaM,kopanatvaM, nRushaMsAbhiprAyatA,
aratiH,ojovarNacchAyAbalavapuShAmupataptiH,svapne
ca devAdibhirabhibhartsanaM pravartanaM
ca devAdibhirabhibhartsanaM pravartanaM
ceti;tato~anantaramUnmadaAbhinirvRuttiH||11||
ceti;tato~anantaramUnmadaAbhinirvRuttiH||11||
Unmada manifests soon after the occurrence of these premonitory symptoms. [11]
The premonitory symptoms of exogenous ''unmada'' are as follows:
*Desire for inflicting injury upon the gods, cows, brahmins and ascetics;
*Anger;
*Desire for inflicting cruel acts, torture, etc. on living beings
*Restlessness
*Impairment of ''ojas'', colour, complexion and physical strength
*Abuse and incitement of the gods etc. in dreams.
''Unmada'' manifests soon after the occurrence of these premonitory symptoms. [11]
तत्रायमुन्मादकराणां भूतानामुन्मादयिष्यतामारम्भविशेषो भवति; तद्यथा- अवलोकयन्तो देवा जनयन्त्युन्मादं,गुरुवृद्धसिद्धमहर्षयोऽभिशपन्तः , पितरो दर्शयन्त: स्पृशन्तो गन्धर्वाः, समाविशन्तो यक्षाः राक्षस्त्वात्मगन्धमाघ्रापयन्तः, पिशाचाः पुनरारुह्य वाहयन्तः||१२||
तत्रायमुन्मादकराणां भूतानामुन्मादयिष्यतामारम्भविशेषो भवति; तद्यथा- अवलोकयन्तो देवा जनयन्त्युन्मादं,गुरुवृद्धसिद्धमहर्षयोऽभिशपन्तः , पितरो दर्शयन्त: स्पृशन्तो गन्धर्वाः, समाविशन्तो यक्षाः राक्षस्त्वात्मगन्धमाघ्रापयन्तः, पिशाचाः पुनरारुह्य वाहयन्तः||१२||
tatrāyamunmādakarāṇāṁ bhūtānāmunmādayiṣyatāmārambhaviśēṣō bhavati; tadyathā- avalōkayantō dēvā janayantyunmādaṁ,guruvr̥ddhasiddhamaharṣayō'bhiśapantaḥ, pitarō darśayantaḥ [1] , spr̥śantō gandharvāḥ, samāviśantō yakṣāḥ, rākṣasāstvātmagandhamāghrāpayantaḥ, piśācāḥpunarāruhya vāhayantaḥ||12||
tatrāyamunmādakarāṇāṁ bhūtānāmunmādayiṣyatāmārambhaviśēṣō bhavati; tadyathā- avalōkayantō dēvā janayantyunmādaṁ,guruvr̥ddhasiddhamaharṣayō'bhiśapantaḥ, pitarō darśayantaḥ [1] , spr̥śantō gandharvāḥ, samāviśantō yakṣāḥ, rākṣasāstvātmagandhamāghrāpayantaḥ, piśācāḥpunarāruhya vāhayantaḥ||12||
tatrAyam Unmadakaranam bhUtAnAmUnmadaayiShyatAmArambhavisheSho
tatrAyam Unmadakaranam bhUtAnAmUnmadaayiShyatAmArambhavisheSho
bhavati; tadyathA-avalokayanto devA janayantyUnmadaaM, guruvRuddhasiddhamaharShayo~abhishapantaH, pitaro darshayantaH
bhavati; tadyathA-avalokayanto devA janayantyUnmadaaM, guruvRuddhasiddhamaharShayo~abhishapantaH, pitaro darshayantaH
spRushanto gandharvAH, samAvishanto yakShAH,
spRushanto gandharvAH, samAvishanto yakShAH, rAkShasAstvAtmagandhamAghrApayantaH,pishAcAH punarAruhya
rAkShasAstvAtmagandhamAghrApayantaH,pishAcAH punarAruhya
vAhayantaH||12||
vAhayantaH||12||
The various divine entities unleash their wrath on the individual as follows:
The various divine entities unleash their wrath on the individual as follows:
Symptoms of exogenous unmada:
*Godly spirits cause ''devonmada'' (divine ''unmada'')
*Preceptors, elders, adepts and ascetics cause ''unmada'' by their curse
*Ancestors by manifesting themselves;
*''Gandharvas'' by their touch;
*''Yakshas'' by entering the host;
*''Rakshasas'' by making the person inhale the odor of their bodies,
*''Pishachas'' by seizing and riding the host.[12]
==== Symptoms of exogenous ''unmada'' ====
तस्येमानि रूपाणि भवन्ति ; तद्यथा- अत्यात्मबलवीर्य पौरुषपराक्रम ग्रहणधारणस्मरणज्ञानवचनविज्ञानानि; अनियतश्चोन्मादकालः||१३||
तस्येमानि रूपाणि भवन्ति ; तद्यथा- अत्यात्मबलवीर्य पौरुषपराक्रम ग्रहणधारणस्मरणज्ञानवचनविज्ञानानि; अनियतश्चोन्मादकालः||१३||
tasyēmāni rūpāṇi bhavanti; tadyathā- atyātmabalavīryapauruṣaparākramagrahaṇadhāraṇasmaraṇajñānavacanavijñānāni [1] , aniyataścōnmādakālaḥ||13||
tasyēmāni rūpāṇi bhavanti; tadyathā- atyātmabalavīryapauruṣaparākramagrahaṇadhāraṇasmaraṇajñānavacanavijñānāni [1] , aniyataścōnmādakālaḥ||13||
rUpANi bhavanti; tadyathAatyAtmabalavIryapauruShaparAkramagrahaNadhAra NasmaraNaj~jAnavacanavij~jAnAni aniyatashconmAdakAlaH||13||
Characteristics of a patient afflicted with exogenous unmada are:
rUpANi bhavanti;tadyathAatyAtmabalavIryapauruShaparAkramagrahaNadhAra NasmaraNaj~jAnavacanavij~jAnAni aniyatashconmAdakAlaH||13||
Untimely, uncertain and uncalled for manifestations superhuman strength, valour, manliness, enthusiasm, power of understanding and retention, memory, spirituality, logical & scientific knowledge and power of speech. [13]
Characteristics of a patient afflicted with exogenous ''unmada'' are:
Untimely, uncertain and uncalled for manifestations superhuman strength, valor, manliness, enthusiasm, power of understanding and retention, memory, spirituality, logical and scientific knowledge and power of speech. [13]
उन्मादयिष्यतामपि खलु देवर्षिपितृगन्धर्वयक्षराक्षसपिशाचानां गुरुवृद्धसिद्धानां वा एष्वन्तरेष्वभिगमनीयाः पुरुषा भवन्ति; तद्यथा- पापस्य कर्मणः समारम्भे, पूर्वकृतस्य वा कर्मणः परिणामकाले,
उन्मादयिष्यतामपि खलु देवर्षिपितृगन्धर्वयक्षराक्षसपिशाचानां गुरुवृद्धसिद्धानां वा एष्वन्तरेष्वभिगमनीयाः पुरुषा भवन्ति; तद्यथा- पापस्य कर्मणः समारम्भे, पूर्वकृतस्य वा कर्मणः परिणामकाले,
एकस्य वा शून्यगृहवासे,चतुष्पथाधिष्ठाने वा, सन्ध्यावेलायामप्रयतभावे वा पर्वसन्धिषु वा मिथुनीभावे, रजस्वलाभिगमने वा विगुणे ,नियमव्रतब्रह्मचर्यभङ्गे वा, महाहवे वा, देशकुलपुरविनाशे वा, महाग्रहोपगमने वा, स्त्रिया वा प्रजननकाले, विविधभूताशुभाशुचिस्पर्शने वा, वमनविरेचनरुधिरस्रावे, अशुचेरप्रयतस्य वा चैत्यदेवायतनाभिगमने वा,मांसमधुतिलगुडमद्योच्छिष्टे वा, दिग्वाससि वा, निशि
एकस्य वा शून्यगृहवासे,चतुष्पथाधिष्ठाने वा, सन्ध्यावेलायामप्रयतभावे वा पर्वसन्धिषु वा मिथुनीभावे, रजस्वलाभिगमने वा विगुणे ,नियमव्रतब्रह्मचर्यभङ्गे वा, महाहवे वा, देशकुलपुरविनाशे वा, महाग्रहोपगमने वा, स्त्रिया वा प्रजननकाले, विविधभूताशुभाशुचिस्पर्शने वा, वमनविरेचनरुधिरस्रावे, अशुचेरप्रयतस्य वा चैत्यदेवायतनाभिगमने वा,मांसमधुतिलगुडमद्योच्छिष्टे वा, दिग्वाससि वा, निशि
नगरनिगमचतुष्पथोपवनश्मशानाघातनाभिगमने वा, द्विजगुरुसुरयतिपूज्याभिधर्षणे वा, धर्माख्यानव्यतिक्रमे वा, अन्यस्य वा कर्मणोऽप्रशस्तस्यारम्भे, इत्यभिघातकाला व्याख्याता भवन्ति||१४||
नगरनिगमचतुष्पथोपवनश्मशानाघातनाभिगमने वा, द्विजगुरुसुरयतिपूज्याभिधर्षणे वा, धर्माख्यानव्यतिक्रमे वा, अन्यस्य वा कर्मणोऽप्रशस्तस्यारम्भे, इत्यभिघातकाला व्याख्याता भवन्ति||१४||
Thus, described were some circumstances in which a person attracts the wrath of gods, divinities, and the sages and gets afflicted with unmada. [14]
unmādayiṣyatāmapi khalu dēvarṣipitr̥gandharvayakṣarākṣasapiśācānāṁ guruvr̥ddhasiddhānāṁ vā ēṣvantarēṣvabhigamanīyāḥ puruṣā bhavanti; tadyathā-pāpasyakarmaṇaḥ samārambhē, pūrvakr̥tasya vā karmaṇaḥ pariṇāmakālē, ēkasya vā śūnyagr̥havāsē catuṣpathādhiṣṭhānē vā, sandhyāvēlāyāmaprayatabhāvē vāparvasandhiṣu vā mithunībhāvē, rajasvalābhigamanē vā, viguṇē vā'dhyayanabalimaṅgalahōmaprayōgē, niyamavratabrahmacaryabhaṅgē vā, mahāhavē vā,dēśakulapuravināśē vā, mahāgrahōpagamanē vā, striyā vā prajananakālē, vividhabhūtāśubhāśucisparśanē vā, vamanavirēcanarudhirasrāvē, aśucēraprayatasya vācaityadēvāyatanābhigamanē vā, māṁsamadhutilaguḍamadyōcchiṣṭē vā, digvāsasi vā, niśi nagaranigamacatuṣpathōpavanaśmaśānāghātanābhigamanē vā,dvijagurusurayatipūjyābhidharṣaṇē vā, dharmākhyānavyatikramē vā, anyasya vā karmaṇō'praśastasyārambhē, ityabhighātakālā vyākhyātā bhavanti||14||
Unmadayisyatamapi khalu devarShipitRugandharvayakSharAkShasapishAcAnAM guruvRuddhasiddhAnAM vA eShvantareShvabhigamanIyAH puruShA bhavanti;tadyathA- pApasyam,karmaNaH samArambhe, pUrvakRutasya vA NaH pariNAmakAle,ekasya vA shUnyagRuhavAse catuShpathAdhiShThAne vA,sandhyAvelAyAmaprayatabhAvevA parvasandhiShu vA mithunIbhAve, rajasvalAbhigamane vA, viguNe vA~adhyayanabalima~ggalahomaprayoge, niyamavratabrahmacaryabha~ggevA,mahAhave vA,deshakulapuravinAshe vA, mahAgrahopagamane vA, striyA vA prajananakAle, vividhabhUtAshubhAshucisparshanevA,vamanavirecanarudhirasrAve,ashuceraprayatasyavAcaityadevAyatanAbhigamanevA,
mAMsamadhutilaguDamadyocchiShTevA,digvAsasi vA,nishi nagaranigama catuShpathopavana shmashAnAghAtanAbhigamane vA,dvijagurusurayatipUjyAbhidharShaNe vA, dharmAkhyAnavyatikrame vA, anyasya vA karma No~aprashastasyArambhe, tyabhighAtakAlA vyAkhyAtA bhavanti||14||
Persons get afflicted by ''unmada'' caused by godly spirits, ascetics, ancestors, ''gandharvas, yakshas, rakshasas, pishachas,'' preceptors, elders and adepts in the following circumstances, places and time:
*In the beginning of sinful acts;
*When the consequences of prior (sinful) acts of the person (committed in the present life or the past) manifest their effect (karmic effects);
*(Living) in a deserted house or crossing roads alone;
*Sexual intercourse during the junctures of day and night or during the new moon and full moon nights (considered inappropriate and inauspicious for sex).
*Sexual intercourse with a lady during her menstrual period;
*Recitation of scriptures, religious offerings, auspicious rites and sacrifices in improper manner.
*Dishonoring a vow and discontinuing a religious duty or observance of celibacy
*Fierce battles;
*Destruction of countries, communities and towns;
*Onset of inauspicious planets in the sky;
*Post-partum depression;
*Coming in contact with different types of inauspicious and unclean creatures;
*Emesis, purgation and bleeding;
*Visiting a ''chaitya'' (sacred tree) or temple when unclean and not following the prescribed rules;
*Not using mouthwash after eating meat, honey, sesame seeds, sugar candy and alcohol;
*While being naked;
*Visiting cities, towns, crossroads, gardens, cremation grounds, slaughter houses at night;
Insulting ''dvija'' (twice born), preceptors, Gods and divinities, ascetics and the learned;
Thus, described were some circumstances in which a person attracts the wrath of gods, divinities, and the sages and gets afflicted with ''unmada''. [14]
त्रिविधं तु खलु उन्मादकराणां भूतानामुन्मादने प्रयोजनं भवति; तद्यथा- हिंसा, रतिः, अभ्यर्चनं चेति तेषां तं प्रयोजनविशेषमुन्मत्ताचार विशेषलक्षणैर्विद्यात्| हिंसा, अप्सु वा स्थलाच्छ्वभ्रे निमज्जति, पतति, शस्त्रकशाकाष्ठलोष्टमुष्टिभिर्हन्त्यात्मानम्, अन्यच्च प्राणवधार्थमारभते किञ्चित्, विद्यात्; तमसाध्यं साध्यौ पुनर्द्वावितरौ||१५||
त्रिविधं तु खलु उन्मादकराणां भूतानामुन्मादने प्रयोजनं भवति; तद्यथा- हिंसा, रतिः, अभ्यर्चनं चेति तेषां तं प्रयोजनविशेषमुन्मत्ताचार विशेषलक्षणैर्विद्यात्| हिंसा, अप्सु वा स्थलाच्छ्वभ्रे निमज्जति, पतति, शस्त्रकशाकाष्ठलोष्टमुष्टिभिर्हन्त्यात्मानम्, अन्यच्च प्राणवधार्थमारभते किञ्चित्, विद्यात्; तमसाध्यं साध्यौ पुनर्द्वावितरौ||१५||
trividhaṁ tu khalūnmādakarāṇāṁ bhūtānāmunmādanē prayōjanaṁ bhavati; tadyathā- hiṁsā, ratiḥ, abhyarcanaṁ cēti|
trividhaṁ tu khalūnmādakarāṇāṁ bhūtānāmunmādanē prayōjanaṁ bhavati; tadyathā- hiṁsā, ratiḥ, abhyarcanaṁ cēti|
tēṣāṁ taṁ prayōjanaviśēṣamunmattācāraviśēṣalakṣaṇairvidyāt|
tēṣāṁ taṁ prayōjanaviśēṣamunmattācāraviśēṣalakṣaṇairvidyāt|
tatra hiṁsārthinōnmādyamānō'gniṁ praviśati, apsu nimajjati, sthalācchvabhrē vā patati, śastrakaśākāṣṭhalōṣṭamuṣṭibhirhantyātmānam, anyaccaprāṇavadhārthamārabhatē kiñcit, tamasādhyaṁ vidyāt; sādhyau punardvāvitarau||15||
tatra hiṁsārthinōnmādyamānō'gniṁ praviśati, apsu nimajjati, sthalācchvabhrē vā patati, śastrakaśākāṣṭhalōṣṭamuṣṭibhirhantyātmānam, anyaccaprāṇavadhārthamārabhatē kiñcit, tamasādhyaṁ vidyāt; sādhyau punardvāvitarau||15||
Trividham Tu khalUnmadaakarANAM bhUtAnAmUnmadaane prayojanaM bhavati;
Trividham Tu khalUnmadaakarANAM bhUtAnAmUnmadaane prayojanaM bhavati;
yathA hiMsA,ratiH, abhyarcanaM ceti| teShAM taM
yathA hiMsA,ratiH, abhyarcanaM ceti| teShAM taM
anyacca prANavadhArthamArabhate ki~jcit, vidyat tamasAdhyaM vidyAt; sAdhyau
anyacca prANavadhArthamArabhate ki~jcit, vidyat tamasAdhyaM vidyAt; sAdhyau
punardvAvitarau||15||
punardvAvitarau||15||
Unmada is caused by the above mentioned agents with the following objectives:
Unmada is caused by the above mentioned agents with the following objectives:
(1) as a consequence of one’s sinful acts
(1) as a consequence of one’s sinful acts