Changes

* Basic elements: ''Panchamahabhuta'' (or the Five Elements), such as ''akasha'' (space),''vayu'' (air), ''tejas'' (fire), ''apa'' (water), and ''prithvi'' (earth), and spiritual, spatial and temporal elements (soul, mind, time and space) are collectively considered basic elements (of this universe).  All the entities in the universe can be categorized into ''chetana'' (sentient/animate) and ''achetana'' (insentient/inanimate). The basis for this classification is not presence or absence of ''atma'' (soul), but the presence or absence of sense organs.  ''Guna'' (basic properties/qualities) and ''karma'' (actions):  Sense objects (''shabda'" (sound), ''sparsha''(touch), ''rupa'' (appearance), ''rasa''(taste) and ''gandha''(smell)) are five ''vaisheshika'' (specific) properties.  

* Basic elements: ''Panchamahabhuta'' (or the Five Elements), such as ''akasha'' (space),''vayu'' (air), ''tejas'' (fire), ''apa'' (water), and ''prithvi'' (earth), and spiritual, spatial and temporal elements (soul, mind, time and space) are collectively considered basic elements (of this universe).  All the entities in the universe can be categorized into ''chetana'' (sentient/animate) and ''achetana'' (insentient/inanimate). The basis for this classification is not presence or absence of ''atma'' (soul), but the presence or absence of sense organs.  ''Guna'' (basic properties/qualities) and ''karma'' (actions):  Sense objects (''shabda'" (sound), ''sparsha''(touch), ''rupa'' (appearance), ''rasa''(taste) and ''gandha''(smell)) are five ''vaisheshika'' (specific) properties.  

''Guru'' (heavy), ''laghu'' (light), ''sheeta'' (cool), ''ushna'' (hot), ''snigdha'' (unctuous), ''ruksha'' (dry), ''manda'' (mild/slow acting), ''tikshna'' (strong/fast acting), ''sthira'' (stable/immobile), ''sara'' (unstable), ''mridu'' (soft), ''kathina'' (hard), ''vishada'' (non-slimy), ''pichchila'' (sticky), ''shlakshna'' (smooth), ''khara'' (rough), ''sthoola'' (gross), ''sukshma'' (subtle), sandra [solid], drava [liquid] are twenty samanya [general] properties.   

''Guru'' (heavy), ''laghu'' (light), ''sheeta'' (cool), ''ushna'' (hot), ''snigdha'' (unctuous), ''ruksha'' (dry), ''manda'' (mild/slow acting), ''tikshna'' (strong/fast acting), ''sthira'' (stable/immobile), ''sara'' (unstable), ''mridu'' (soft), ''kathina'' (hard), ''vishada'' (non-slimy), ''pichchila'' (sticky), ''shlakshna'' (smooth), ''khara'' (rough), ''sthoola'' (gross), ''sukshma'' (subtle), ''sandra'' (solid), ''drava'' (liquid/fluid) are twenty ''samanya'' (general) properties.   

''Buddhi'' (knowledge) with ''smriti'' (memory), chetana [consciousness],  dhriti [restraint], ahankara [ego], ichcha [inclination/desire], dwesha [aversion], sukha [comfort] , dukkha [discomfort], prayatna [effort] are properties of the atman or the Self.  

''Buddhi'' (knowledge) with ''smriti'' (memory), ''chetana'' (consciousness),  ''dhriti'' (restraint), ''ahankara'' (ego), ''ichcha'' (inclination/desire), ''dwesha'' (aversion), ''sukha'' (comfort] , ''dukkha'' (discomfort), ''prayatna'' (effort) are properties of the ''atman'' or the Self.  

Para [best], aparatva [not best], yukti [plan], samkhya [numeration], samyoga [combination], vibhaga [division], pruthkatva [difference], parimana [measurement], samskar [processing/transformation], abhyasa [continuous practice] are 10 paradi [ starting from para] general properties . [verse 49]

''Para'' (superior), ''aparatva'' (other than the superior/best), ''yukti'' (plan), ''samkhya'' (numeration), ''samyoga'' (combination), ''vibhaga'' (division), ''prithkatva'' (difference), ''parimana'' (measurement), ''samskar'' (processing/transformation), and ''abhyasa'' (continuous practice) are ten ''paradi'' (literally, "para" and "adi" (et cetera)), i.e., general properties . [verse 49]

* The movement initiated by prayatna [effort] is called ‘karma (action)’. [verse 49]

* The movement initiated by ''prayatna'' (effort) is called ''karma'' (action). [verse 49]

* Samavaya(Inseperable concomitance) : Samavaya  is the inherent inseparable concomitance of dravya (or substance e.g., prithvi or earth etc.) with their guṇas (properties) and karma (actions). This is eternal because no dravya (substance) is devoid of property. Every substance has some or the other property. [ verse 50]  

* Samavaya(Inseperable concomitance) : Samavaya  is the inherent inseparable concomitance of dravya (or substance e.g., prithvi or earth etc.) with their guṇas (properties) and karma (actions). This is eternal because no dravya (substance) is devoid of property. Every substance has some or the other property. [ verse 50]  

* Dravya: Dravya is that in which the karma [action] and guna [properties] reside inherently and which is the samavayi karana (material cause) for any karya(effect).  [verse 51] Any entity which fulfils this criteria can be called as a dravya. Matter, energy and force all have certain guna (properties) and karma (actions) and they are samavayi karana for the effects, so all such entities can be called as dravya.  

* Dravya: Dravya is that in which the karma [action] and guna [properties] reside inherently and which is the samavayi karana (material cause) for any karya(effect).  [verse 51] Any entity which fulfils this criteria can be called as a dravya. Matter, energy and force all have certain guna (properties) and karma (actions) and they are samavayi karana for the effects, so all such entities can be called as dravya.