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== Etymology and derivation ==
== Etymology and derivation ==
<div style='text-align:justify;'>The word ‘Pitta’ is derived from Sanskrit root “tap”.<ref name="ref2">Sushruta. Sushruta Samhita. Edited by JadavajiTrikamjiAacharya. 8th ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Orientalia;2005.</ref> [Su. Sa.Sutra Sthana 21/5] The root word ‘tap’ has three meaning: 1) tap dahe means to burn, 2) tap santape means heat generator and 3) tap aishwarye means able to procure eight types of attainments of a yogi (animadi aishwarye).<ref name="ref3">Amarkosa. Amarsimha, Edited by Pt. Haragovinda sastri. Reprint Ed. Varanasi:Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, 2020.</ref> Dahana denotes transformation or conversion (paka) in the living [[Sharira|body]]. This explains the function of pitta is the transformation or modification of one substance to other. </div>
<div style='text-align:justify;'>The word ‘Pitta’ is derived from Sanskrit root “tap”.<ref name="ref2">Sushruta. Sushruta Samhita. Edited by JadavajiTrikamjiAacharya. 8th ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Orientalia;2005.</ref> [Su. Sa. Sutra Sthana 21/5] The root word ‘tap’ has three meaning: 1) tap dahe means to burn, 2) tap santape means heat generator and 3) tap aishwarye means able to procure eight types of attainments of a yogi (animadi aishwarye).<ref name="ref3">Amarkosa. Amarsimha, Edited by Pt. Haragovinda sastri. Reprint Ed. Varanasi:Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, 2020.</ref> Dahana denotes transformation or conversion (paka) in the living [[Sharira|body]]. This explains the function of pitta is the transformation or modification of one substance to other. </div>
== Synonyms<ref name="ref3"/><ref name="ref4">Monier-Williams. Monier William's Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 2nd Ed., Oxford University Press;1899.</ref> ==
== Synonyms<ref name="ref3"/><ref name="ref4">Monier-Williams. Monier William's Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 2nd Ed., Oxford University Press;1899.</ref> ==
== Bhautika composition ==
== Bhautika composition ==
<div style='text-align:justify;'>Pitta dosha has dominance of [[Agni mahabhuta|teja mahabhauta]].<ref name="ref5"> </ref> [A.S. Sutra Sthana 20/1] Pitta dosha is originated from [[Agni mahabhuta|agni or teja mahabhauta]].<ref name="ref2"/>[Chakrapani on Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana 15/8][Figure 01] </div>
<div style='text-align:justify;'>Pitta dosha has dominance of [[Agni mahabhuta|teja mahabhuta]].<ref name="ref5"> </ref> [A.S. Sutra Sthana 20/1] Pitta dosha is originated from [[Agni mahabhuta|agni or teja mahabhuta]].<ref name="ref2"/>[Chakrapani on Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana 15/8][Figure 01] </div>
=== Pitta dosha and triguna ===
=== Pitta dosha and [[triguna]] ===
<div style='text-align:justify;'>All the living & nonliving things originate from [[Pancha mahabhuta|panchamahabhuta]] which originate from trigunatmaka [[Prakriti|prakriti]] as described in evolution process (utpatti karma). [[Dosha|Dosha]] are evolved from [[Pancha mahabhuta|panchamahbhuta]], so these [[Dosha|dosha]] bear [[Triguna|triguna]] property. Pitta is evolved from [[Agni|agni]] that has [[Sattva|sattva]] and [[Rajas|raja]] predominance.<ref name="ref2"/> [Su. Sa.Sharira Sthana 1/20] Sharangdhara and Bhavaprakasha opines that pitta has sattva predominance. [Sha.Sa.Pratham Khand 5]<ref name="ref6">Vagbhata. Ashtanga Samgraha. Edited by Shivprasadsharma. 3rd Ed., Varanasi: Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series Office; 2012.</ref> [Bh. P. Purva Khand 3/103]<ref name="ref7">Sharngdhara. Sarngadhara Samhita. Edited by Parashuram Shastri Vidyasagar. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Surbharati Prakashan ;2013.</ref><br/>[Figure 01]
<div style='text-align:justify;'>All the living & nonliving things originate from [[Pancha mahabhuta|panchamahabhuta]] which originate from trigunatmaka [[Prakriti|prakriti]] as described in evolution process (utpatti krama). [[Dosha|Dosha]] are evolved from [[Pancha mahabhuta|panchamahbhuta]], so these [[Dosha|dosha]] bear [[Triguna|triguna]] property. Pitta is evolved from [[Agni|agni]] that has [[Sattva|sattva]] and [[Rajas|raja]] predominance.<ref name="ref2"/> [Su. Sa.Sharira Sthana 1/20] Sharangdhara and Bhavaprakasha opines that pitta has sattva predominance. [Sha.Sa.Pratham Khanda 5]<ref name="ref6">Vagbhata. Ashtanga Samgraha. Edited by Shivprasadsharma. 3rd Ed., Varanasi: Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series Office; 2012.</ref> [Bh. P. Purva Khand 3/103]<ref name="ref7">Sharngdhara. Sarngadhara Samhita. Edited by Parashuram Shastri Vidyasagar. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Surbharati Prakashan ;2013.</ref><br/>[Figure 01]
[[File:Figure1.jpg|center|Figure 01: Relation between triguna, mahabhauta and pitta dosha.]]<center>'''Figure 01: Relation between triguna, mahabhauta and pitta dosha.'''</center></div>
[[File:Figure1.jpg|center|Figure 01: Relation between triguna, mahabhauta and pitta dosha.]]<center>'''Figure 01: Relation between [[triguna]], [[mahabhuta]] and pitta dosha.'''</center></div>
=== Sites of pitta ===
=== Sites of pitta ===
<div style='text-align:justify;'>[[Dosha|Dosha]] are present in every part of the [[Sharira|body]]. [Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/9] General location of pitta dosha is the middle part of the [[Sharira|body]], marked between the heart([[Hridaya|hridaya]]) and umbilicus(nabhi).[A.S. Sutra Sthana 1/4] Pitta is predominately present in [[Sharira|body]] parts between the large intestine(pakvashaya) and stomach([[Amashaya|amashaya]]). [Su. Sa.Sutra Sthana 21/6]<ref name="ref2"/> <br/>The specific seats of pitta are (Figure 02):
<div style='text-align:justify;'>[[Dosha|Dosha]] are present in every part of the [[Sharira|body]]. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 20/9] General location of pitta dosha is the middle part of the [[Sharira|body]], marked between the heart([[Hridaya|hridaya]]) and umbilicus([[nabhi]]).[A.S. Sutra Sthana 1/4] Pitta is predominately present in [[Sharira|body]] parts between the large intestine(pakvashaya) and stomach([[Amashaya|amashaya]]). [Su. Sa.Sutra Sthana 21/6]<ref name="ref2"/> <br/>The specific seats of pitta are (Figure 02):
<ul><li>[[Sweda|Sweat(sweda)]] [Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/8] [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 12/2]<ref name="ref8">Bhava misra. Bhavprakasa, Edited by Brahmasankara Mishra, Rupalalaji Vaisya. 5th ed. Hindi Commentary Vidyotini; Varanasi: Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, 1969.</ref> [K.S. Sutra Sthana 27/11]<ref name="ref9">Vagbhata. Ashtanga Hridayam. Edited by HarishastriParadkar Vaidya. 1st ed. Varanasi: Krishnadas Academy; 2000.</ref> </li>
<ul><li>[[Sweda|Sweat(sweda)]] </li>
<li>Nutrient body fluid or plasma ([[Rasa|rasa]]) [Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/8] [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 12/2]<ref name="ref8"/></li>
<li>Nutrient body fluid or plasma ([[Rasa|rasa]]) </li>
<li>Lymph (lasika) [Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/8] [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 12/2]<ref name="ref8"/> [K.S. Sutra Sthana 27/11]<ref name="ref9"/></li>
<li>Lymph (lasika) </li>
<li>Blood (rudhira) [Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/8][A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 12/2]<ref name="ref8"/> [K.S. Sutra Sthana 27/11]<ref name="ref9"/></li>
<li>[[Blood]] (rudhira) </li>
<li>Duodenum (lower part of [[Amashaya|amashaya]]) [Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/8] [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 12/2]<ref name="ref8"/> [K.S. Sutra Sthana 27/11]<ref name="ref9"/></li>
<li>Duodenum (lower part of [[Amashaya|amashaya]])</li>
<li>Umbilicus (nabhi) [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 12/2]<ref name="ref8"/></li>
<li>Umbilicus ([[nabhi]]) </li>
<li>Eyes (drika) </li>
<li>Skin (twacha) [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 20/8], [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 12/2],<ref name="ref8">Bhava misra. Bhavprakasa, Edited by Brahmasankara Mishra, Rupalalaji Vaisya. 5th ed. Hindi Commentary Vidyotini; Varanasi: Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, 1969.</ref> [K.S. Sutra Sthana 27/11]<ref name="ref9">Vagbhata. Ashtanga Hridayam. Edited by HarishastriParadkar Vaidya. 1st ed. Varanasi: Krishnadas Academy; 2000.</ref></li></ul>
Among all these sites, duodenum ([[Amashaya|amashaya]]) and umbilicus (nabhi) are the prime sites of pitta.[Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/8][K.S. Sutra Sthana 27/11]<ref name="ref9"/> Amashaya (stmach) is located in between the breast(stana) and umbilicus(nabhi). In [[Amashaya|amashaya]], the digestion of all types of food takes place. [Cha.Sa. Vimana Sthana 2/17] Duodenum is the area of the digestive tract where maximum digestive process occurs. Acharya Chakrapani clears that the location of pitta is lower part of [[Amashaya|amashaya]]( i.e. duodenum). [Chakrapani on Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/8]
Among all these sites, duodenum ([[Amashaya|amashaya]]) and umbilicus (nabhi) are the prime sites of pitta.[Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/8][K.S. Sutra Sthana 27/11]<ref name="ref9"/> Amashaya (stmach) is located in between the breast(stana) and umbilicus(nabhi). In [[Amashaya|amashaya]], the digestion of all types of food takes place. [Cha.Sa. Vimana Sthana 2/17] Duodenum is the area of the digestive tract where maximum digestive process occurs. Acharya Chakrapani clears that the location of pitta is lower part of [[Amashaya|amashaya]]( i.e. duodenum). [Chakrapani on Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/8]
[[File:Fig2.jpg|center|Figure 02. General (A)and specific sites(B) of Pitta dosha.]]<center>'''Figure 02. General (A)and specific sites(B) of Pitta dosha.'''</center></div>
[[File:Fig2.jpg|center|Figure 02. General (A)and specific sites(B) of Pitta dosha.]]<center>'''Figure 02. General (A)and specific sites(B) of Pitta dosha.'''</center></div>