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<div style='text-align:justify;'>Kapha dosha controls body fluids and maintains the structural cohesion of the organism. It is one of the three dosha. It is responsible for cohesiveness, unctuousness, lubricity, stability, and immunity. Kapha dosha has dominance of prithvi and jala mahabhuta.[Code:SAT-B.414]<ref name="ref1">KhandaleN.S.(2014): Conceptual and Applied study of Snigdha Guna of Kapha Dosha w s r ShariraBala.Dept. of Kriya Sharir, Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan Rajasthan Ayurved University.</ref> The concept of kapha is the foundation for growth, preservation, and anabolism theories.</div>
<div style='text-align:justify;'>Kapha dosha controls body fluids and maintains the structural cohesion of the organism. It is one of the three dosha. It is responsible for cohesiveness, unctuousness, lubricity, stability, and immunity. Kapha dosha has dominance of prithvi and jala mahabhuta.[Code:SAT-B.414]<ref name="ref1">National AYUSH Morbidity and Standardized Terminologies Electronic Portal by Ministry of AYUSH Available on http://namstp.ayush.gov.in/#/Ayurveda</ref> The concept of kapha is the foundation for growth, preservation, and anabolism theories.</div>
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<li>Spirometry<ref name="ref22">Pierce R. Spirometry: an essential clinical measurement. Aust Fam Physician. 2005 Jul;34(7):535-9.</ref></li></ul>
<li>Spirometry<ref name="ref22">Pierce R. Spirometry: an essential clinical measurement. Aust Fam Physician. 2005 Jul;34(7):535-9.</ref></li></ul>
These tests will provide a potent analytical tool for determining kapha dosha.</div>
These tests will provide a potent analytical tool for determining kapha dosha.</div>
== Treatment ==
<div style='text-align:justify;'>The principle of similarities and dissimilarity (samanya- visheshasiddhanta) is applied in treatment. Rasa (taste) and diet, that decrease kapha (shamaka) and aggravate kapha (prakopa), to treat and/or prevent disease are included in management. Lifestyle and behavior to manage the levels of kapha dosha are included. Therapeutic emesis (vamana) is the best intervention indicated for vitiated kapha. [Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/19] [Cha. Sa. Sutra Sthana 25/40] [K.S. Sutra Sthana 27/48]<ref name="ref9"/> <br/>Honey (madhu) and oil(tail) is helpful for the vitiated kapha dosha. [Cha. Sa. Sutra Sthana 25/40] <br/>The herbs with pungent, bitter, astringent, hot, and penetrating qualities are used in single or combination along with therapies like swedana (sudation therapy), nasya (nasal therapy), exercise, etc. These are helpful in the treatment of kapha disorders. [Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/19] [K.S. Sutra Sthana 27/46]<ref name="ref9"/>
<br/>'''Dietary modification:''' Three tastes (rasa) that help in controlling the vitiated kapha are – pungent (katu), bitter(tikta), and astringent (kashaya). Ingestion of food having dry, hot properties and in less quantity is useful for kapha dosha management. [Cha. Sa. Sutra Sthana 1/66] [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 13/10-12]<ref name="ref8"/>
<br/>'''Lifetsytle modification:''' Less sleep, dry massage of body, fasting, mouth gargles, exercise of different types, desire for sex. [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 13/10-12]<ref name="ref8"/> </div>
== Future area of research ==
<div style='text-align:justify;'>The critical area of research isthe preparation of a validated and standardized questionnaire for assessingthe different states of kapha, like depletion(kshaya), increase (vriddhi), and normalcy. Guna-based assessment of kaphais needed. Evaluation of muscle and joints in various musculoskeletal disorders through modern scientific tools like MRI(magnetic resonance imaging), fMRI(functional -MRI), PET(Positron emission tomography) Scan,etc. may help in understanding normal and abnormal functioning ofkapha. Assessment of kapha state in various physiological phases of life like pregnancy, lactation, childhood, old age, high altitude, space, deep sea through subjective and objective methods.Assessment through application of molecular biology, proteomics, genomics, microbiome, and metabolomicsis needed.The application of kaphain peripheral physiology, ergonomics, and biomechanics may become future research of interest. </div>
== Current researches ==
<ul style='text-align:justify;'><li style="font-weight:bold">Vasantikavamana (therapeutic emesis in spring season) - A preventive measure for diseases of kapha origin: <span style="font-weight:normal">The study was conducted on 69 volunteers/patients who followed classical vamana therapy.The therapeutic emesis (vamana)is confirmed to be safe in the study that was specifically conducted at vasantritu. The general wellness of the volunteers and patients was also seen to have improved.<ref name="ref23">Bhatted S, Shukla VD, Thakar A, Bhatt NN. A study on Vasantika Vamana (therapeutic emesis in spring season) - A preventive measure for diseases of Kapha origin. Ayu. 2011 Apr;32(2):181-6.</ref></span></li>
<li style="font-weight:bold">Development of a reliable Dosha self-assessment questionnaire: <span style="font-weight:normal">The goal of this study was to create a valid Dosha self-assessment questionnaire with features appropriate for use in clinical research. The basis for developing 108 Dosha-specific test items with a 7-point Likert scale was a review of existing questionnaires and translations of classic Ayurvedic texts, along with an analysis of item-total correlations and ANOVAs by Dosha for 735 responses to a 37-item ipsative questionnaire from an Ayurveda company. From this, a 39-item quiz (13 for each Dosha) was eventually created. This study shows that it is possible to reliably quantify the three dosha for most clinical investigations.<ref name="ref24">Edwards MT, Streiner DL. Development of a reliable Dosha self-assessment questionnaire. Explore (NY). 2022 Sep-Oct;18(5):573-578.</ref></span></li>
<li style="font-weight:bold">Dosha as a predictor of sleep quality: <span style="font-weight:normal">The present study was conducted on 995 people to see if there was any association between dosha and sleep since sleep is a result of increased kapha using standardized questionnaires. The findings imply that the dosha can affect both the duration and quality of sleep. The results of the study showed that kapha scores strongly predicted both the length of daytime naps in minutes [p<0.05] and daytime somnolence [p<0.05], with higher kapha scores being related to longer daytime naps.<ref name="ref25">Telles S, Pathak S, Kumar A, Mishra P, Balkrishna A. Ayurvedic doshas as predictors of sleep quality. Med Sci Monit. 2015 May 17;21:1421-7.</ref></span></li>
<li style="font-weight:bold">Heart rate variability analysis in the assessment of dosha imbalance: <span style="font-weight:normal">Total 42 individuals' heart rate variability (HRV) spectrum data were gathered for this study in order to compare it to the clinical evaluation of dosha imbalance. A preliminary investigation to evaluate the diagnostic agreement between the clinical approach and HRV analysis in the assessment of gross dosha imbalance found significant concordance, as shown by the Kappa value of 0.78. The current study highlights the need for more research to confirm the HRV's usefulness in evaluating complicated dosha imbalances and other factors like dhatu imbalance.<ref name="ref26">Ram Manohar P, Sorokin O, Chacko J, Nampoothiri V. An exploratory clinical study to determine the utility of heart rate variability analysis in the assessment of dosha imbalance. J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2018 Apr-Jun;9(2):126-130.</ref></span></li></ul>
== Theses done ==
<ol style='text-align:justify;'><li>KhandaleN.S.(2014): Conceptual and Applied study of Snigdha Guna of Kapha Dosha w s r ShariraBala.Dept. of Kriya Sharir, Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan Rajasthan Ayurved University.</li>
<li>Sharad C.(2009): A study of “Taste perception of Madhur Rasa in Kaphadhikya Prakriti with special reference to BodhakKapha.Dept. of Kriya Sharir, College of ayurveda, pune, Bharati Vidyapeeth University.</li>
<li>Chejara N. (1994):Avalambakakapha ka vaigyanikavivechana. Dept. of Kriya Sharir, NIA, Jaipur. This study concluded that Pericardial fluid, Pleural fluid, Thyroid, Parathyroid & Thymus gland hormones may be correlated with avalambakakapha.</li></ol>
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