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=== Diagnostic and assessment tools: ===
<div style='text-align:justify;'>Kaphadosha can be assessed by clinical features and functions through subjective methods like questionnaires and objective methods. Currently, there are no validated and standardized tools for dosha assessment within the body. Kaphavriddhi and kshaya features will be assessed through a subjective questionnaire.Ayurvedic physicians assess the normalcy and abnormality through the ayurvedic principles of examination (pariksha). <br/>Subjective and objective methods which may be used to assess the normalfunctioning of kapha are:
<ul><li>Test for assessment for muscular strength and endurance likedynamometry<ref name="ref11">Baltzopoulos V, Brodie DA. Isokinetic dynamometry. Applications and limitations. Sports Med. 1989 Aug;8(2):101-16.</ref> and 6 minute walk test<ref name="ref12">Agarwala P, Salzman SH. Six-Minute Walk Test: Clinical Role, Technique, Coding, and Reimbursement. Chest. 2020 Mar;157(3):603-611.</ref>, etc. </li>
<li>Cardio- Pulmonary exercise tests<ref name="ref13">Aguilaniu B, Wallaert B. Illustrated interpretation of cardio-pulmonary exercise testing. Rev Mal Respir. 2013 Dec;30(10):812-3.</ref>. </li>
<li>Lipid profile<ref name="ref14">Millan J, Pinto X, Munoz A, Zuniga M, Rubies-Prat J, Pallardo LF, Masana L, Mangas A, Hernandez-Mijares A, Gonzalez-Santos P, Ascaso JF. Lipoprotein ratios: physiological significance and clinical usefulness in cardiovascular prevention. Vascular health and risk management. 2009;5:757.</ref>, adiponectin<ref name="ref15">Achari AE, Jain SK. Adiponectin, a Therapeutic Target for Obesity, Diabetes, and Endothelial Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Jun 21;18(6):1321.</ref> for assessment of meda. </li>
<li>Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry<ref name="ref16">Laskey MA. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and body composition. Nutrition. 1996 Jan 1;12(1):45-51.</ref> </li>
<li>Bioelectrical impedance devices to measure body fat percent (BF%), fat mass (FM), and fat-free mass (FFM).<ref name="ref17">Ward LC. Bioelectrical impedance analysis for body composition assessment: reflections on accuracy, clinical utility, and standardisation. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2019 Feb;73(2):194-199.</ref> </li>
<li>Electro-gustometry<ref name="ref18">Stillman JA, Morton RP, Hay KD, Ahmad Z, Goldsmith D. Electrogustometry: strengths, weaknesses, and clinical evidence of stimulus boundaries. Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci. 2003 Oct;28(5):406-10.</ref> </li>
<li>CSF examination<ref name="ref19">Bigner SH. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology: current status and diagnostic applications. Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology. 1992 Mar 1;51(3):235-45.</ref></li>
<li>Lung capacity and volume assessment<ref name="ref20">Winck AD, Heinzmann-Filho JP, Soares RB, da Silva JS, Woszezenki CT, Zanatta LB. Effects of obesity on lung volume and capacity in children and adolescents: a systematic review. Rev Paul Pediatr. 2016 Dec;34(4):510-517.</ref><ref name="ref21">Lutfi MF. The physiological basis and clinical significance of lung volume measurements. Multidisciplinary respiratory medicine. 2017 Dec;12(1):1-2.</ref>. </li>
<li>Spirometry<ref name="ref22">Pierce R. Spirometry: an essential clinical measurement. Aust Fam Physician. 2005 Jul;34(7):535-9.</ref></li></ul>
These tests will provide a potent analytical tool for determining kapha dosha.</div>
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