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Pitta dosha (view source)

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<div style='text-align:justify;'>Pitta dosha is responsible for maintaining body temperature, digestion and metabolism. Pitta dosha is agni mahabhuta predominant. [Code:SAT-B.401]<ref>National AYUSH Morbidity and Standardized Terminologies Electronic Portal by Ministry of AYUSH Available on http://namstp.ayush.gov.in/#/Ayurveda</ref> This chapter describes the physiological functions and pathological importance of pitta dosha. </div>

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<div style='text-align:justify;'>Pitta dosha is responsible for maintaining [[Sharira|body]] temperature, digestion and metabolism. Pitta dosha is [[Agni mahabhuta|agni mahabhuta]] predominant. [Code:SAT-B.401]<ref>National AYUSH Morbidity and Standardized Terminologies Electronic Portal by Ministry of AYUSH Available on http://namstp.ayush.gov.in/#/Ayurveda</ref> This chapter describes the physiological functions and pathological importance of pitta dosha. </div>

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== Etymology and derivation ==

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<div style='text-align:justify;'>The word ‘Pitta’ is derived from Sanskrit root “tap”.<ref name="ref2">Sushruta. Sushruta Samhita. Edited by JadavajiTrikamjiAacharya. 8th ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Orientalia;2005.</ref> [Su. Sa.Sutra Sthana 21/5]The root word ~~‘tap’has~~ three meaning:1) tap dahe means to burn, 2) tap santape means heat generator and 3) tap aishwarye means able to procure eight types of attainments of a yogi (animadi aishwarye).<ref name="ref3">Amarkosa. Amarsimha, Edited by Pt. Haragovinda sastri. Reprint Ed. Varanasi:Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, 2020.</ref> Dahana denotes transformation or conversion (paka) in the living body. This explains the function of pitta is the transformation or modification of one substance to other. </div>

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<div style='text-align:justify;'>The word ‘Pitta’ is derived from Sanskrit root “tap”.<ref name="ref2">Sushruta. Sushruta Samhita. Edited by JadavajiTrikamjiAacharya. 8th ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Orientalia;2005.</ref> [Su. Sa.Sutra Sthana 21/5] The root word ‘tap’ has three meaning: 1) tap dahe means to burn, 2) tap santape means heat generator and 3) tap aishwarye means able to procure eight types of attainments of a yogi (animadi aishwarye).<ref name="ref3">Amarkosa. Amarsimha, Edited by Pt. Haragovinda sastri. Reprint Ed. Varanasi:Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, 2020.</ref> Dahana denotes transformation or conversion (paka) in the living [[Sharira|body]]. This explains the function of pitta is the transformation or modification of one substance to other. </div>

== Synonyms<ref name="ref3"/><ref name="ref4">Monier-Williams. Monier William's Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 2nd Ed., Oxford University Press;1899.</ref> ==

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== Bhautika composition ==

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<div style='text-align:justify;'>Pitta dosha has dominance of teja mahabhauta.<ref name="ref5"> </ref>[A.S. Sutra Sthana 20/1]Pitta dosha is originated from agni or teja mahabhauta.<ref name="ref2"/>[Chakrapani on Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana 15/8][Figure 01] </div>

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<div style='text-align:justify;'>Pitta dosha has dominance of [[Agni mahabhuta|teja mahabhauta]].<ref name="ref5"> </ref>[A.S. Sutra Sthana 20/1]Pitta dosha is originated from [[Agni mahabhuta|agni or teja mahabhauta]].<ref name="ref2"/>[Chakrapani on Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana 15/8][Figure 01] </div>

=== Pitta dosha and triguna ===

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<div style='text-align:justify;'>All the living & nonliving things originate from panchamahabhuta which originate from trigunatmaka prakriti as described in evolution process (utpatti karma). Dosha are evolved from panchamahbhuta, so these dosha bear triguna property. Pitta is evolved from agni that has sattva and raja predominance.<ref name="ref2"/> [Su. Sa.Sharira Sthana 1/20] Sharangdhara and Bhavaprakasha opines that pitta has sattva predominance. [Sha.Sa.Pratham Khand 5]<ref name="ref6">Vagbhata. Ashtanga Samgraha. Edited by Shivprasadsharma. 3rd Ed., Varanasi: Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series Office; 2012.</ref> [Bh. P. Purva Khand 3/103]<ref name="ref7">Sharngdhara. Sarngadhara Samhita. Edited by Parashuram Shastri Vidyasagar. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Surbharati Prakashan ;2013.</ref><br/>[Figure 01]

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<div style='text-align:justify;'>All the living & nonliving things originate from [[Pancha mahabhuta|panchamahabhuta]] which originate from trigunatmaka [[Prakriti|prakriti]] as described in evolution process (utpatti karma). [[Dosha|Dosha]] are evolved from [[Pancha mahabhuta|panchamahbhuta]], so these [[Dosha|dosha]] bear [[Triguna|triguna]] property. Pitta is evolved from [[Agni|agni]] that has [[Sattva|sattva]] and [[Rajas|raja]] predominance.<ref name="ref2"/> [Su. Sa.Sharira Sthana 1/20] Sharangdhara and Bhavaprakasha opines that pitta has sattva predominance. [Sha.Sa.Pratham Khand 5]<ref name="ref6">Vagbhata. Ashtanga Samgraha. Edited by Shivprasadsharma. 3rd Ed., Varanasi: Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series Office; 2012.</ref> [Bh. P. Purva Khand 3/103]<ref name="ref7">Sharngdhara. Sarngadhara Samhita. Edited by Parashuram Shastri Vidyasagar. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Surbharati Prakashan ;2013.</ref><br/>[Figure 01]

[[File:Figure1.jpg|center|Figure 01: Relation between triguna, mahabhauta and pitta dosha.]]<center>'''Figure 01: Relation between triguna, mahabhauta and pitta dosha.'''</center></div>

=== Sites of pitta ===

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<div style='text-align:justify;'>Dosha are present in every part of the body. [Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/9] General location of pitta dosha is the middle part of the body, marked between the heart(hridaya) and umbilicus(nabhi).[A.S. Sutra Sthana 1/4] Pitta is predominately present in body parts between the large intestine(pakvashaya) and stomach( amashaya). [Su. Sa.Sutra Sthana 21/6]<ref name="ref2"/> <br/>The specific seats of pitta are (Figure 02):

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<div style='text-align:justify;'>[[Dosha|Dosha]] are present in every part of the [[Sharira|body]]. [Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/9] General location of pitta dosha is the middle part of the [[Sharira|body]], marked between the heart([[Hridaya|hridaya]]) and umbilicus(nabhi).[A.S. Sutra Sthana 1/4] Pitta is predominately present in [[Sharira|body]] parts between the large intestine(pakvashaya) and stomach([[Amashaya|amashaya]]). [Su. Sa.Sutra Sthana 21/6]<ref name="ref2"/> <br/>The specific seats of pitta are (Figure 02):

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<ul><li>Sweat(sweda)[Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/8] [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 12/2]<ref name="ref8">Bhava misra. Bhavprakasa, Edited by Brahmasankara Mishra, Rupalalaji Vaisya. 5th ed. Hindi Commentary Vidyotini; Varanasi: Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, 1969.</ref> [K.S. Sutra Sthana 27/11]<ref name="ref9">Vagbhata. Ashtanga Hridayam. Edited by HarishastriParadkar Vaidya. 1st ed. Varanasi: Krishnadas Academy; 2000.</ref> </li>

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<ul><li>[[Sweda|Sweat(sweda)]] [Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/8] [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 12/2]<ref name="ref8">Bhava misra. Bhavprakasa, Edited by Brahmasankara Mishra, Rupalalaji Vaisya. 5th ed. Hindi Commentary Vidyotini; Varanasi: Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, 1969.</ref> [K.S. Sutra Sthana 27/11]<ref name="ref9">Vagbhata. Ashtanga Hridayam. Edited by HarishastriParadkar Vaidya. 1st ed. Varanasi: Krishnadas Academy; 2000.</ref> </li>

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<li>Nutrient body fluid or plasma (rasa)[Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/8] [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 12/2]<ref name="ref8"/></li>

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<li>Nutrient body fluid or plasma ([[Rasa|rasa]]) [Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/8] [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 12/2]<ref name="ref8"/></li>

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<li>Lymph (lasika)[Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/8] [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 12/2]<ref name="ref8"/> [K.S. Sutra Sthana 27/11]<ref name="ref9"/></li>

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<li>Lymph (lasika) [Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/8] [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 12/2]<ref name="ref8"/> [K.S. Sutra Sthana 27/11]<ref name="ref9"/></li>

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<li>Blood (rudhira)[Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/8][A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 12/2]<ref name="ref8"/> [K.S. Sutra Sthana 27/11]<ref name="ref9"/></li>

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<li>Blood (rudhira) [Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/8][A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 12/2]<ref name="ref8"/> [K.S. Sutra Sthana 27/11]<ref name="ref9"/></li>

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<li>Duodenum (lower part of amashaya)[Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/8] [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 12/2]<ref name="ref8"/> [K.S. Sutra Sthana 27/11]<ref name="ref9"/></li>

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<li>Duodenum (lower part of [[Amashaya|amashaya]]) [Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/8] [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 12/2]<ref name="ref8"/> [K.S. Sutra Sthana 27/11]<ref name="ref9"/></li>

<li>Umbilicus (nabhi) [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 12/2]<ref name="ref8"/></li>

<li>Eyes (drika) [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 12/2]<ref name="ref8"/></li>

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<li>Skin(twacha) [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 12/1]<ref name="ref8"/></li></ul>

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<li>Skin (twacha) [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 12/1]<ref name="ref8"/></li></ul>

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Among all these sites, duodenum (amashaya) and umbilicus (nabhi) are the prime sites of pitta.[Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/8][K.S. Sutra Sthana 27/11]<ref name="ref9"/> Amashaya (stmach) is located in between the breast(stana) and umbilicus(nabhi). In amashaya, the digestion of all types of food takes place. [Cha.Sa. Vimana Sthana 2/17] Duodenum is the area of the digestive tract where maximum digestive process occurs. Acharya Chakrapani clears that the location of pitta is lower part of amashaya( i.e. duodenum). [Chakrapani on Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/8]

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Among all these sites, duodenum ([[Amashaya|amashaya]]) and umbilicus (nabhi) are the prime sites of pitta.[Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/8][K.S. Sutra Sthana 27/11]<ref name="ref9"/> Amashaya (stmach) is located in between the breast(stana) and umbilicus(nabhi). In [[Amashaya|amashaya]], the digestion of all types of food takes place. [Cha.Sa. Vimana Sthana 2/17] Duodenum is the area of the digestive tract where maximum digestive process occurs. Acharya Chakrapani clears that the location of pitta is lower part of [[Amashaya|amashaya]]( i.e. duodenum). [Chakrapani on Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/8]

[[File:Fig2.jpg|center|Figure 02. General (A)and specific sites(B) of Pitta dosha.]]<center>'''Figure 02. General (A)and specific sites(B) of Pitta dosha.'''</center></div>

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