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Avyakta (view source)

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The term ‘Avyakta’ means unmanifested, non-manifested or is yet to be manifested. [Cha. Sa. ShariraSthana 1/66], [Su. Sa. ShariraSthana 1/3] It is mentioned in the ancient texts like Shiva Purana, Mahabharata, Saurapurana, Shilpashastra, Ganitashastra, and Sanskrit grammar(Vyakarana).

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The term ‘Avyakta’ means unmanifested, non-manifested or is yet to be manifested. [Cha. Sa. [[Sharira Sthana|ShariraSthana]] 1/66], [Su. Sa. [[Sharira Sthana|ShariraSthana]] 1/3] It is mentioned in the ancient texts like Shiva Purana, Mahabharata, Saurapurana, Shilpashastra, Ganitashastra, and Sanskrit grammar(Vyakarana).

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Avyakta is the source from which the whole universe is evolved. At the time of the creation of universe or evolution, all the elements are evolved from prakriti i. e. Avyakta. Characteristics or qualities of origin (karanapadarth) are reflected in the creation (karyapadartha). So, it is necessary/ to knowaboutavyakta.

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Avyakta is the source from which the whole universe is evolved. At the time of the creation of universe or evolution, all the elements are evolved from [[Prakriti|prakriti]] i. e. Avyakta. Characteristics or qualities of origin (karanapadarth) are reflected in the creation (karyapadartha). So, it is necessary/ to knowaboutavyakta.

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== Etymology and derivation ==

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The word ‘Avyakta’ is derived from ‘Vi + Anja’ root word with a suffix ‘kta’ meaning sphute(clear), prakashite(manifested).<ref>Vacaspatyam 1873 https://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/VCPScan/2020/web/index.php accessed on 31/08/2022</ref>As the prefix “A” is added, the meaning of Avyakta is unclear or unmanifested.In Ayurveda, avyakta is said to be the progenitor of all created things. It is self-generated and connotes the three fundamentals or primary virtues of sattva, rajas, and tamas. Avyakta is the most important factor in eight fundamental prakriti. These includes avyakta, mahat, ahankara and panch-tanmatra. Avyakta is the sole and primary factor in the evolution of the universe. <ref>Bhishagranta K. K. Sushruta Samhita, Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series Office, Varanasi 1991, Vol. 2, Sharira Sthana Chapter 1, verse 3, page no. 15 </ref>

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The word ‘Avyakta’ is derived from ‘Vi + Anja’ root word with a suffix ‘kta’ meaning sphute(clear), prakashite(manifested).<ref>Vacaspatyam 1873 https://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/VCPScan/2020/web/index.php accessed on 31/08/2022</ref>As the prefix “A” is added, the meaning of Avyakta is unclear or unmanifested.In Ayurveda, avyakta is said to be the progenitor of all created things. It is self-generated and connotes the three fundamentals or primary virtues of [[Sattva|sattva]], [[Rajas|rajas]], and [[Tamas|tamas]]. Avyakta is the most important factor in eight fundamental [[Prakriti|prakriti]]. These includes avyakta, mahat, ahankara and panch-tanmatra. Avyakta is the sole and primary factor in the evolution of the universe. <ref>Bhishagranta K. K. Sushruta Samhita, Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series Office, Varanasi 1991, Vol. 2, Sharira Sthana Chapter 1, verse 3, page no. 15 </ref>

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== Synonyms ==

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Atma (soul) [Cha. Sa. ShariraSthana 1/61]<ref>Tripathi R. Charaka Samhita, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratishthan, Delhi Reprint 2013, Khand 1, Sharira Sthana Chapter 1, verse 61, page no. 686</ref>,kshetradnya (conscious principle in the corporeal frame), shashwat (eternal), vibhu (omnipresent), avyaya<ref>https://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/index.php?title=Atma&oldid=40963 accessed on 28/08/2022</ref> mula-Prakriti (primary germ of nature) [Chakrapani on Cha. Sa. ShariraSthana 1/61] [Dalhan on Su. Sa. ShariraSthana 1/3]<ref>Yadavji Trikamji Charaka Samhita Ayurvedadipika commentary by Cakrapanidatta, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi 2021, Sharira Sthana Chapter 1, verse 61, page no. 293</ref>

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[[Atma|Atma]] (soul) [Cha. Sa. [[Sharira Sthana|ShariraSthana]] 1/61]<ref>Tripathi R. Charaka Samhita, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratishthan, Delhi Reprint 2013, Khand 1, [[Sharira Sthana|Sharira Sthana]] Chapter 1, verse 61, page no. 686</ref>,kshetradnya (conscious principle in the corporeal frame), shashwat (eternal), [[Vibhu|vibhu]] (omnipresent), avyaya<ref>https://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/index.php?title=Atma&oldid=40963 accessed on 28/08/2022</ref> mula-Prakriti (primary germ of nature) [Chakrapani on Cha. Sa. [[Sharira Sthana|ShariraSthana]] 1/61] [Dalhan on Su. Sa. [[Sharira Sthana|ShariraSthana]] 1/3]<ref>Yadavji Trikamji Charaka Samhita Ayurvedadipika commentary by Cakrapanidatta, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi 2021, [[Sharira Sthana|Sharira Sthana]] Chapter 1, verse 61, page no. 293</ref>

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== Meanings ==

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== Methods of perception of avyakta ==

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The knowledge of manifested objects is perceived by our sense organs (indriya). Ayurveda explains the process of perception of knowledge by connection (sannikarsha) of soul (atma), senses (indriya), mind (mana) and object of knowledge (vishaya-artha) i.e. direct perception (laukikapratyaksha).<ref>https://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/index.php?title=Pratyaksha_pramana&oldid=41040 accessed on 30/08/2022</ref> On the other hand, ‘avyakta’ is perceived by transcendental signs (yogic pratyaksha). Avyakta is predominantly perceived by indirect methods (pramana) like anumanapramana and yuktipramana.

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The knowledge of manifested objects is perceived by our sense organs ([[Indriya|indriya]]). [[Ayurveda|Ayurveda]] explains the process of perception of knowledge by connection (sannikarsha) of soul ([[Atma|atma]]), senses ([[Indriya|indriya]]), mind ([[Manas|mana]]) and object of knowledge (vishaya-artha) i.e. direct perception (laukikapratyaksha).<ref>https://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/index.php?title=Pratyaksha_pramana&oldid=41040 accessed on 30/08/2022</ref> On the other hand, ‘avyakta’ is perceived by transcendental signs (yogic pratyaksha). Avyakta is predominantly perceived by indirect methods ([[Pramana|pramana]]) like [[Anumana pramana|anumanapramana]] and [[Yukti pramana|yuktipramana]].

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== Concept of Avyakta in Ayurveda ==

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== Concept of Avyakta in [[Ayurveda|Ayurveda]] ==

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In the process of creation of universe, the buddhi (intellect) tattva manifests from avyakta. From buddhi or mahat tattva, ahankara proceeds and from ahankara five mahabhutas manifest. The atma, thus manifests in its entirety is regarded as born. [Cha. Sa. ShariraSthana 1/66-67]

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In the process of creation of universe, the [[Buddhi|buddhi]] (intellect) tattva manifests from avyakta. From [[Buddhi|buddhi]] or mahat tattva, ahankara proceeds and from ahankara [[Pancha mahabhuta|five mahabhutas]] manifest. The [[Atma|atma]], thus manifests in its entirety is regarded as born. [Cha. Sa. [[Sharira Sthana|ShariraSthana]] 1/66-67]

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The description of srushtiutpatti krama in ayurveda is different from Sankhyadarshana. As per Sankhyadarshana, prakriti associated with the purusha is the cause for creation, but in Ayurveda particularly in Charaka’s view, atma which contains triguna (avyakta) is the cause for creation. [Cha. Sa. ShariraSthana 4/8]

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The description of srushtiutpatti krama in [[Ayurveda|ayurveda]] is different from Sankhyadarshana. As per Sankhyadarshana, prakriti associated with the purusha is the cause for creation, but in [[Ayurveda|Ayurveda]] particularly in Charaka’s view, atma which contains triguna (avyakta) is the cause for creation. [Cha. Sa. ShariraSthana 4/8]

Six elements (dhatus) by adding chetana to the five elements namely earth (prithvi), water (aap), fire (teja), air (vayu) and space (akasha) are described for creation.Chetana is identified with purusha and avyakta part of prakriti treated as one category known as paramatman. It is when purusha or chetana is connected with the body of senses and mind that consciousness can come to the self; consciousness is a phenomenon of the soul-mind-body complex.<ref name="multiple">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Avyakta&oldid=1043562407 accessed on 28/08/2022</ref>

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