Administrators, Editors, Bots, Bureaucrats, Charaksamhita, Moderators (CommentStreams), Interface administrators, Administrators
10,235
edits
Changes
no edit summary
== Components of satmya ==
== Components of satmya ==
Satmya is one of the important assessment parameters in examination of patient. It differs according to geographical region(desha), season (kala),disease(vyadhi), naturalconstitution(prakriti),inherent nature(swabhava) and repeated use(abhyasa).[Chakrapani on Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 15/5]
Satmya is one of the important assessment parameters in examination of patient. It differs according to geographical region([[desha]]), season ([[kala]]),disease([[vyadhi]]), naturalconstitution([[prakriti]]),inherent nature(swabhava) and repeated use(abhyasa).[Chakrapani on Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 15/5]
For understanding and application in the field of health care, the following are the components of satmya.
For understanding and application in the field of health care, the following are the components of satmya.
=== Prakriti satmya ===
=== [[Prakriti]] satmya ===
It refers to the diet and lifestyle agreeable to natural constitution of the person. Certain regimen is inherently suitable to one’s natural constitution.For example, the food having sweet, sour and salty taste is inherently suitable for a person with vata dominant constitution, because these tastes naturally pacify Vata dosha. All tastes are suitable for a person with a balanced constitution involving the equilibrium of all dosha. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 7/41]
It refers to the diet and lifestyle agreeable to natural constitution of the person. Certain regimen is inherently suitable to one’s natural constitution.For example, the food having sweet, sour and salty taste is inherently suitable for a person with vata dominant constitution, because these tastes naturally pacify Vata dosha. All tastes are suitable for a person with a balanced constitution involving the equilibrium of all dosha. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 7/41]
=== Desha satmya ===
=== [[Desha]] satmya ===
Desha satmya refers to suitability and adaptation in a particular geographical area.
[[Desha]] satmya refers to suitability and adaptation in a particular geographical area. ‘[[Desha]] denotes the geographic region relating to that substance(s), suitable to the area. The food items growing in a region inherently have specific properties. For example, those growing in arid areas are light to digest and those in the marshy areas are heavy to digest. Likewise, the animals also possess qualities according to that region. [Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 1/22(5)]
The diet and lifestyle having opposite qualities to those of regions are considered suitable for the preservation of the health of people living in that area. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 6/50]
The diet and lifestyle having opposite qualities to those of regions are considered suitable for the preservation of the health of people living in that area. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 6/50]
It is observed that people living in a particular geographical area adopt a specific diet and regimens. It may be because of the availability of substances and suitability to that particular environment in that specific area. Any unwholesome food substance to which a person is habituated should not be withdrawn abruptly.
It is observed that people living in a particular geographical area adopt a specific diet and regimens. It may be because of the availability of substances and suitability to that particular environment in that specific area. Any unwholesome food substance to which a person is habituated should not be withdrawn abruptly.
Following are examples of desha satmya:
Following are examples of [[desha]] satmya:
• Present-day Afghanisthan (Balhika) people are habituated to the intake of meat(mamsa), wheat(godhuma), alcoholic beverages(madhvika), and they are indicated for surgery(Shastra karma) and cauterization(Agnikarma).
• Present-day Afghanisthan (Balhika) people are habituated to the intake of meat(mamsa), wheat(godhuma), alcoholic beverages(madhvika), and they are indicated for surgery(Shastra karma) and cauterization(Agni karma).
• People from east region(Prachya) are habituated to the use of fish.
• People from east region(Prachya) are habituated to the use of fish.
• People living in the Sindh region (Sindhadesha) are accustomed to the intake of milk.
• People living in the Sindh region (Sindha desha) are accustomed to the intake of milk.
• region around and between the river Godavari (Ashmaka) and Ujjain (Avantika) residents are used with the consumption of oil and sour substances.
• region around and between the river Godavari (Ashmaka) and Ujjain (Avantika) residents are used with the consumption of oil and sour substances.
• People from the central part are accustomed to the use of barley(yava), wheat(godhuma), and milk(gorasa). [Cha.sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 30/315-18]
• People from the central part are accustomed to the use of barley(yava), wheat(godhuma), and milk(gorasa). [Cha.sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 30/315-18]
Apart from this, desha satmya also means that which is suitable for a group. For example, sweet taste (madhura) is suitable to increase the group of tissues. It is also applied to denote suitability for an organ or body part. E.g. suitable for eyes(chakshushya), suitable for hairs (keshya).[Dalhana,Su.Sa.Sutra Sthana 35/40]
Apart from this, [[desha]] satmya also means that which is suitable for a group. For example, sweet taste (madhura) is suitable to increase the group of tissues. It is also applied to denote suitability for an organ or body part. E.g. suitable for eyes(chakshushya), suitable for hairs (keshya).[Dalhana,Su.Sa.Sutra Sthana 35/40]
=== Ritu satmya ===
=== [[Ritu]] satmya ===
Ritusatmya refers to suitability according to season. A person who understands the phenomenon of seasonal adaptations in diet and lifestyle (ritusatmya) and practices it, lives healthy and long life. Seasonal regimens(Ritucharya) describes a specific diet and lifestyle for ritusatmya. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 6/3]
Ritusatmya refers to suitability according to season. A person who understands the phenomenon of seasonal adaptations in diet and lifestyle (ritusatmya) and practices it, lives healthy and long life. Seasonal regimens(Ritucharya) describes a specific diet and lifestyle for ritusatmya. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 6/3]
=== Vyadhi satmya ===
=== [[Vyadhi]] satmya ===
Vyadhi satmya refers to wholesome for or especially effective in a particular disease condition. The regimen possesses specific qualities opposite to aggravated pathological factors of disease. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 6/50] E.g. Rice gruel(Yavagu) is effective in management of fever(jwara) [Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/153]).
Vyadhi satmya refers to wholesome for or especially effective in a particular disease condition. The regimen possesses specific qualities opposite to aggravated pathological factors of disease. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 6/50] E.g. Rice gruel(Yavagu) is effective in management of fever ([[jwara]]) [Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/153]).
The other examples are milk in gulma, honey(kshaudra) in prameha, ghee in udavarta.[Dalhana,Su.Sa.Sutra Sthana 35/40]
The other examples are milk in gulma, honey(kshaudra) in prameha, ghee in udavarta.[Dalhana,Su.Sa.Sutra Sthana 35/40]
=== Swabhava satmya ===
=== Swabhava satmya ===
Swabhava satmya means regimen specific to the inherent nature of substance. Certain substances are said to be wholesome by their basic nature. For example, breast milk is mentioned as universal wholesome food for infants. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 1/109, 27/224]
The meat of animals living in their suitable habitat leads to nourishment. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 22/25]
The meat of animals living in their suitable habitat leads to nourishment. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 22/25]
===Vaya satmya ===
===Vaya satmya ===
Vayasatmya refers to suitability according to age. The therapeutic measures like cauterization(agni karma), application of alkali(kshara karma), strong emesis, purgation, pungent medicines are not suitable in old age and childhood. <ref>MurlidharPaliwal. The concept of Satmya in Ayurveda. UJAHM 2014, 02 (04): 16-19. Available from http://www.ujconline.net </ref>
Vayasatmya refers to suitability according to age. The therapeutic measures like cauterization (agni karma), application of alkali (kshara karma), strong emesis, purgation, pungent medicines are not suitable in old age and childhood. <ref>MurlidharPaliwal. The concept of Satmya in Ayurveda. UJAHM 2014, 02 (04): 16-19. Available from http://www.ujconline.net </ref>
=== Okasatmya ===
=== Oka satmya ===
It refers to habituation developed by practice/spontaneous exposure.
It refers to habituation developed by practice/spontaneous exposure.
This is very the most important concept of satmya having a wide range of therapeutic utility. It is an acquired type of satmya due to repeated or habitual use of a particular substance or following a particular regimen for a long time. By repeated use or spontaneous exposure in small quantities, the person gets adapted to a substance/ regimen. It may or may not be beneficial for health in general. But, for that particular person, it becomes suitable without causing any harmful effect. [Dalhana, Su. Sa. Sutra Sthana 35/40]
This is very the most important concept of satmya having a wide range of therapeutic utility. It is an acquired type of satmya due to repeated or habitual use of a particular substance or following a particular regimen for a long time. By repeated use or spontaneous exposure in small quantities, the person gets adapted to a substance/ regimen. It may or may not be beneficial for health in general. But, for that particular person, it becomes suitable without causing any harmful effect. [Dalhana, Su. Sa. Sutra Sthana 35/40]
Oka satmya depends upon the consumer(upayokta). It is one of the important components of diet. Wholesome(Pathya) and unwholesome(apathya) highly depend upon okasatmya of an individual. [Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 1/22]
Oka satmya depends upon the consumer (upayokta). It is one of the important components of diet. Wholesome(Pathya) and unwholesome(apathya) highly depend upon okasatmya of an individual. [Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 1/22]
=== Natural suitability of dosha ===
=== Natural suitability of [[dosha]] ===
The dosha viz. vayu, pitta and kapha never destroy each other in spite of having contradictory properties, they coexist in a harmonious state. This happens because of their natural wholesome disposition of coexistence(sahaja-satmya), as even fatal poison does not affect snakes. [Cha.sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/293]
The [[dosha]] viz. [[vayu]], [[pitta]] and [[kapha]] never destroy each other in spite of having contradictory properties, they coexist in a harmonious state. This happens because of their natural wholesome disposition of coexistence (sahaja-satmya), as even fatal poison does not affect snakes. [Cha.sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 26/293]
===Role of satmya in life-cycle===
===Role of satmya in life-cycle===
• Satmya is considered while planning the post-therapy regimen after panchakarma along with other factors like variations in dosha, medicinal drugs, place of residence, time, strength, body, diet, suitability, mind, constitution, and age. These should be factored in while administering this therapy [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 15/17]
• Satmya is considered while planning the post-therapy regimen after panchakarma along with other factors like variations in dosha, medicinal drugs, place of residence, time, strength, body, diet, suitability, mind, constitution, and age. These should be factored in while administering this therapy [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 15/17]
• All therapeutic interventions depend upon knowledge of these factors.[Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 1/3, 2/13] [Cha.sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 28/249]
• All therapeutic interventions depend upon knowledge of these factors. [Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 1/3, 2/13] [Cha.sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 28/249]
• The measures such as oleation, corrective and unctuous enema (asthapana and anuvasana types of [[basti]]), and appropriate internal administration of unctuous substances following specific procedure also depend upon assessment of these factors. [Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 2/13]
• The measures such as oleation, corrective and unctuous enema (asthapana and anuvasana types of [[basti]]), and appropriate internal administration of unctuous substances following specific procedure also depend upon assessment of these factors. [Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 2/13]
• The physician treating the patients simply with recipes, without consideration of desha, kala etc., may commit mistakes.
• The physician treating the patients simply with recipes, without consideration of desha, kala etc., may commit mistakes.
• The rejuvenation therapies(rasayana ) should be administered after appropriate consideration of age, constitution, and suitability.[Cha.sa. [[ChikitsaSthana]] 1/1/25-28]
• The rejuvenation therapies (rasayana ) should be administered after appropriate consideration of age, constitution, and suitability.[Cha.sa. [[ChikitsaSthana]] 1/1/25-28]
• Satmya diet is advised to achieve maximum benefits of Rasayana therapies [Cha.sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 1/2/8,18; 1/3/18] and vajikarana therapies.[Cha.sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 2/1/45]
• Satmya diet is advised to achieve maximum benefits of Rasayana therapies [Cha.sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 1/2/8,18; 1/3/18] and vajikarana therapies.[Cha.sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 2/1/45]
Satmya diet considered highly important in management of following diseases:
Satmya diet considered highly important in management of following diseases:
*Fever(Jwara) [Cha.sa. [[ChikitsaSthana]] 2/1/45, 153,156,319]
*Fever(Jwara) [Cha.sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 2/1/45, 153,156,319]
*Wasting disease(Rajayakshma) [Cha.sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 8/69]
*Wasting disease([[Rajayakshma Chikitsa|Rajayakshma]]) [Cha.sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 8/69]
*Chest injury(Kshataksheena) [Cha.sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 11/94]
*Chest injury(Kshata ksheena) [Cha.sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 11/94]
*Swellings(Shotha)[Cha.sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 12/20]
*Swellings([[Shotha]])[Cha.sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 12/20]
*Anemia(Pandu)[Cha.sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 16/76]
*Anemia([[Pandu]])[Cha.sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 16/76]
*Diarrhea(Atisara) [Cha.sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 19/24,50]
*Diarrhea([[Atisara Chikitsa|Atisara]]) [Cha.sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 19/24,50]
*Thirst(Trishna)[Cha.sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 22/61]
*Thirst([[Trishna Chikitsa|Trishna]])[Cha.sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 22/61]
*Chronic alcoholism(Madatyaya)[Cha.sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 24/119]
*Chronic alcoholism([[Madatyaya Chikitsa|Madatyaya]])[Cha.sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 24/119]
==== Importance in health ====
==== Importance in health ====
• Satmya is one of the six factors along with maternal, paternal, psychological, spiritual, and nutritional, which contribute to the origin and development of an organism. [Cha.Sa. [[Sharira Sthana]] 3/14].
• Satmya is one of the six factors along with maternal, paternal, psychological, spiritual, and nutritional, which contribute to the origin and development of an organism. [Cha.Sa. [[Sharira Sthana]] 3/14].
• During the process of embryogenesis, satmya leads to the state of freedom from diseases(''arogya''), freedom from laziness (''analasya''), freedom from greed (''alolupatva''), clarity of senses, excellence of voice, fertility and optimum libido. [Cha.Sa.[[ShariraSthana]] 3/11].
• During the process of embryogenesis, satmya leads to the state of freedom from diseases(''arogya''), freedom from laziness (''analasya''), freedom from greed (''alolupatva''), clarity of senses, excellence of voice, fertility and optimum libido. [Cha.Sa.[[ShariraSthana|Sharira Sthana]] 3/11].
Suitable diet and lifestyle are of utmost importance for all humans, especially for expectant mothers to have healthy children. Not following the regimen can result in a child prone to disease and congenital disorders.
Suitable diet and lifestyle are of utmost importance for all humans, especially for expectant mothers to have healthy children. Not following the regimen can result in a child prone to disease and congenital disorders.
• Following a suitable regimen is considered the best for the development of [[purusha]] in the group of best wholesome practices([[agryasamgraha]]) [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 25/40]
• Following a suitable regimen is considered the best for the development of [[purusha]] in the group of best wholesome practices([[agryasamgraha|agrya samgraha]]) [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 25/40]
• The strength or immunity of a person depends upon the excellence of adaptability to various factors responsible for the maintenance of the body. (satmya)[Cha.Sa.[[Sharira Sthana]] 6/13]
• The strength or immunity of a person depends upon the excellence of adaptability to various factors responsible for the maintenance of the body. (satmya)[Cha.Sa.[[Sharira Sthana]] 6/13]
*Diet and lifestyle opposite to the qualities of the habitat of the individual and of the causative factors of the diseases prevalent in the location will prevent the occurrence of diseases. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 6/50]
*Diet and lifestyle opposite to the qualities of the habitat of the individual and of the causative factors of the diseases prevalent in the location will prevent the occurrence of diseases. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 6/50]
====Satmyaviruddha (antagonism of suitability) and its management====
====Satmya viruddha (antagonism of suitability) and its management====
If an individual consumes a diet that he is not accustomed to, then it leads to incompatibility and causes disease. For example, consumption of sweet and cold substances by a person accustomed to pungent and hot is antagonism in terms of suitability. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]]26/91]
If an individual consumes a diet that he is not accustomed to, then it leads to incompatibility and causes disease. For example, consumption of sweet and cold substances by a person accustomed to pungent and hot is antagonism in terms of suitability. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]]26/91]
The diseases caused due to this can be managed by therapeutic purgation, emesis, pacification, or prior use of wholesome substance and rejuvenation therapy. The adverse effects can be neutralized by slow and spontaneous exposure of antagonistic substances in small quantities, enhancing digestive power, young age, unction therapy, physical exercise and enhancing strength. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]]26/106]
The diseases caused due to this can be managed by therapeutic purgation, emesis, pacification, or prior use of wholesome substance and rejuvenation therapy. The adverse effects can be neutralized by slow and spontaneous exposure of antagonistic substances in small quantities, enhancing digestive power, young age, unction therapy, physical exercise and enhancing strength. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]]26/106]
The unwholesome substances like alkali(kshara) and salt(lavana) shall not be consumed in excess quantity and for a long time. It is beneficial to wean off the unwholesome substances by tapering down their consumption sequentially. [Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 1/19]
The unwholesome substances like alkali (kshara) and salt (lavana) shall not be consumed in excess quantity and for a long time. It is beneficial to wean off the unwholesome substances by tapering down their consumption sequentially. [Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 1/19]
=== Asatmya(unsuitable)===
=== Asatmya(unsuitable)===
असात्म्यार्थं दर्शयति- असात्म्यमित्यादि| सहेति मिलितं शरीरेण| आत्मताम् अविकृतरूपतां न याति; एतेन, यदुपयुक्तं प्राकृतरूपोपधातकं भवति, तदसात्म्यमिति||१२७||
असात्म्यार्थं दर्शयति- असात्म्यमित्यादि| सहेति मिलितं शरीरेण| आत्मताम् अविकृतरूपतां न याति; एतेन, यदुपयुक्तं प्राकृतरूपोपधातकं भवति, तदसात्म्यमिति||१२७||
A substance which is not conducive to the body is regarded as asatmya or unwholesome and which becomes responsible to provoke all the doshas. [Cha.Sa. [[Sharira Sthana]] 1/127]
A substance which is not conducive to the body is regarded as asatmya or unwholesome and which becomes responsible to provoke all the [[dosha]]<nowiki/>s. [Cha.Sa. [[Sharira Sthana]] 1/127]
==== Adverse effects of asatmya====
==== Adverse effects of asatmya====
Contact of sense and motor organs with unsuitable objects (Asatmyaindriyarthasamyoga) is one of the three fundamental causes of disease. Adopting unwholesome regimen (Asatmyasevana) especially in terms of diet is a causative factor for a number of diseases as below.
Contact of sense and motor organs with unsuitable objects (Asatmya indriyartha samyoga) is one of the three fundamental causes of disease. Adopting unwholesome regimen (Asatmya sevana) especially in terms of diet is a causative factor for a number of diseases as below.
==== Role of asatmya in disease====
==== Role of asatmya in disease====
*Parasites of shleshma origin.[Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 7/12],
*Parasites of shleshma origin.[Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 7/12],
*All morbidities [Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 1/2/3]
*All morbidities [Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 1/2/3]
*Psychosis disorders(Unmada) [Cha.sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/9]
*Psychosis disorders([[Unmada]]) [Cha.sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 14/9]
*Digestive disorders(Grahani)[Cha.sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/42]
*Digestive disorders([[Grahani Chikitsa|Grahani]])[Cha.sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15/42]
*Anemia and blood disorders (Pandu)[Cha.sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 16/7]
*Anemia and blood disorders ([[Pandu]])[Cha.sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 16/7]
*Cough of various origin(Kasa)[Cha.sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/24]
*Cough of various origin(Kasa)[Cha.sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 18/24]
*Diarrhea(Atisara)[Cha.sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 19/4]
*Diarrhea(Atisara)[Cha.sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 19/4]
===Current Researches===
===Current Researches===
The concept of satmya is applied in view of the development of personalized medicine. Ayurnutrigenomics approaches personalized nutrition and therapeutics based upon a person’s genetic mark-up and nutritional suitability. This includes various aspects of satmya like [[prakriti]] satmya, deshasatmya, jatisatmya, ritusatmya as described above. <ref>Subhadip Banerjee et al, Ayurnutrigenomics: Ayurveda-inspired personalized nutrition from inception to evidence, Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine 5 (2015) 228-233.</ref>
The concept of satmya is applied in view of the development of personalized medicine. Ayurnutrigenomics approaches personalized nutrition and therapeutics based upon a person’s genetic mark-up and nutritional suitability. This includes various aspects of satmya like [[prakriti]] satmya, [[desha]] satmya, jati satmya, [[ritu]] satmya as described above. <ref>Subhadip Banerjee et al, Ayurnutrigenomics: Ayurveda-inspired personalized nutrition from inception to evidence, Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine 5 (2015) 228-233.</ref>
The concept of satmya has a huge scope of research in view of genetic suitability, adaptations and its utility in treatment. It is also applied to understand allergy and its etiopathogenesis.
The concept of satmya has a huge scope of research in view of genetic suitability, adaptations and its utility in treatment. It is also applied to understand allergy and its etiopathogenesis.
== References in [[Charak Samhita]] ==
== References in [[Charak Samhita]] ==
In Charak Samhita, the term satmya appears 83 times in original verses and 64 times in commentary by Chakrapani. The contextual meanings and application & categorization of the term with references are listed [[Media:Satmya-list_of_references.pdf| here.]]
In Charak Samhita, the term satmya appears 83 times in original verses and 64 times in commentary by Chakrapani. The contextual meanings and application & categorization of the term with references are listed [[index.php?title=Media:Satmya-list of references.pdf| here.]]
<big>'''[[Special:ContactMe|Send us your suggestions and feedback on this page.]]'''</big>
<big>'''[[Special:ContactMe|Send us your suggestions and feedback on this page.]]'''</big>