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→Fetal aspiration syndrome (ulbaka)
'''Meconium aspiration syndrome'''
'''Meconium aspiration syndrome'''
The fetus passes meconium (greenish to brownish black thick secretion containing gastric contents), which may be aspirated in utero, during birth, or after birth known as “Meconium aspiration syndrome”. The meconium that has been breathed in, due to its mechanical properties, result in trapping of air inside the alveoli, and with irritant nature and toxicity, causes the inflammation of lung parenchyma, deactivation or wash-out of the surfactant and pulmonary hypertension leading to further complications. The clinical features of the condition include apnea leading to respiratory distress, suprasternal, substernal and intercostal retractions, grunting, emphysema, atelectasis, and consolidation. The management of MAS includes stomach wash, oxygen supply, thermoneutral environment, and symptomatic management. Continuous positive airway pressure, specific antibiotics, inhaled nitric oxide, and surfactant therapy constitute other therapeutic considerations.
The fetus passes meconium (greenish to brownish black thick secretion containing gastric contents), which may be aspirated in utero, during birth, or after birth known as “Meconium aspiration syndrome”. The meconium that has been breathed in, due to its mechanical properties, result in trapping of air inside the alveoli, and with irritant nature and toxicity, causes the inflammation of lung parenchyma, deactivation or wash-out of the surfactant and pulmonary hypertension leading to further complications. The clinical features of the condition include apnea leading to respiratory distress, suprasternal, substernal and intercostal retractions, grunting, emphysema, atelectasis, and consolidation. The management of MAS includes stomach wash, oxygen supply, thermoneutral environment, and symptomatic management. Continuous positive airway pressure, specific antibiotics, inhaled nitric oxide, and surfactant therapy constitute other therapeutic considerations.<ref>Meharban Singh, Respiratory Disorders, Care of Newborn, Revised Eighth edition (2017), CBS Publishers and Distributors Pvt. Ltd., Chapter 19, Page No: 353.</ref>
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===Swelling on head ( upashirshaka)===
===Swelling on head ( upashirshaka)===
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