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|title=Chaturangula Kalpa Adhyaya

|title=Chaturangula Kalpa Adhyaya

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<big>'''[[Kalpa Sthana]] Chapter 8.Pharmaceutical preparations of Chaturangula'''</big>

<big>'''[[Kalpa Sthana]] Chapter 8.Pharmaceutical preparations of Chaturangula'''</big>

{{Infobox

{{Infobox

|data7  = Sawant B., Nishteswar K.

|data7  = Sawant B., Nishteswar K.

|label8 = Editors

|label8 = Editors

|data8  = Nishteswar K., Sawant B., Deole Y.S., Basisht G.

|data8  = Nishteswar K., Sawant B., [[Yogesh Deole|Deole Y.S.]], [[Gopal Basisht|Basisht G.]]

|label9 = Year of publication  

|label9 = Year of publication  

|data9 =  2020

|data9 =  2020

}}

}}

<big>'''Abstract'''</big>

<big>'''Abstract'''</big>

<div style="text-align:justify;">

<p style='text-align:justify;'>''Chaturangula/aragwadha'' (Cassia fistula Linn.), just like ''trivrita'', is a mild purgative. The chapter deals with synonyms of ''chaturangula'', the therapeutic utility, various methods of processing of ''aragwadha'', method of administration of the pulp of ''aragwadha'' in different age groups, other recipes of ''aragwadha''. Total twelve different formulations of ''aragwadha'' to suit different needs of the physician have been discussed in this chapter. </p>

''Chaturangula/aragwadha'' (Cassia fistula Linn.), just like ''trivrita'', is a mild purgative. The chapter deals with synonyms of ''chaturangula'', the therapeutic utility, various methods of processing of ''aragwadha'', method of administration of the pulp of ''aragwadha'' in different age groups, other recipes of ''aragwadha''. Total twelve different formulations of ''aragwadha'' to suit different needs of the physician have been discussed in this chapter.

'''Keywords''': ''Chaturangula, Aragwadha,'' Cassia fistula Linn.

'''Keywords''': ''Chaturangula, Aragwadha,'' Cassia fistula Linn.

== Introduction ==

== Introduction ==

=== Properties and formulations ===

=== Properties and formulations ===

''Aragwadha'' is ''mridu'' (soft) in ''guna'' (heavy), bitter and sweet in taste and ''madhura'' (sweet) in ''vipaka'' due to which it is very safe to be used in ''bala'' (children), ''vriddha'' (aged), ''sukumara'' (delicate constitution) and ''urakshata'' (injuries to chest) as well as in ''kshina'' (debilitated) too. <ref>Vd Bapalal, Nighantu Adarsha, Vol 1, Chaukhabha Bharati Academy, Varanasi,II Edition,1999, p.no 474</ref>

''Aragwadha'' is ''mridu'' (soft) in [[guna]] (heavy), bitter and sweet in taste and ''madhura'' (sweet) in ''vipaka'' due to which it is very safe to be used in ''bala'' (children), ''vriddha'' (aged), ''sukumara'' (delicate constitution) and ''urakshata'' (injuries to chest) as well as in ''kshina'' (debilitated) too. <ref>Vd Bapalal, Nighantu Adarsha, Vol 1, Chaukhabha Bharati Academy, Varanasi,II Edition,1999, p.no 474</ref>

Charaka has mentioned its uses in following conditions:

Charaka has mentioned its uses in following conditions:

*''Jwara'' - ''Aragwadha'' given with grape juice[Cha. Sa. [[Chiktsa Sthana]] 3/232]

*''Jwara'' - ''Aragwadha'' given with grape juice[Cha. Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 3/232]

*''Kushta'' (skin Ailments) – Decoction for bath and internal intake [Cha. Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/97]

*''Kushta'' (skin Ailments) – Decoction for bath and internal intake [Cha. Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/97]

*''Visarpa''(Herpes) – Leaf decoction or anointment with paste of leaves[Cha. Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 21/88]  

*''Visarpa''(Herpes) – Leaf decoction or anointment with paste of leaves[Cha. Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 21/88]  

''Aragwadha'' leaves, root, bark and flowers are used for medicinal purpose. More specifically, fruit pulp is used for purgation where as flowers are used for urinary strangury. Fruit pulp is sweet in taste, if not processed it gets worm infested. Thus fruit pulp should be used only after proper processing.

''Aragwadha'' leaves, root, bark and flowers are used for medicinal purpose. More specifically, fruit pulp is used for purgation where as flowers are used for urinary strangury. Fruit pulp is sweet in taste, if not processed it gets worm infested. Thus fruit pulp should be used only after proper processing.

Charaka mentions ''aragwadha'' in the context of ''vamana'' and ''asthapana''[Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 1/82]. Apart from this it also finds mention in Charaka [[Sutra Sthana]] 4th Chapter under ''kushtaghna, vamanopaga'' and ''kandughna dashemani''. In Charaka [[Vimana Sthana]] ''aragwadha'' has been considered under ''tiktaskandha'' [ Cha. Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 8/164]. Sushruta mentions usage of ''aragwadha'' in ''ksharakalpa''. ''Aragwadha'' has been mentioned in ''aragwadhadi gana'' and ''shyamadi gana'' <ref>Sushruta. Sutra Sthana, Cha.39 Samshodhanasamshamaneeym Adhyaya verse 9. In: Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya, Editors. Sushruta Samhita. 8th ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Orientalia;2005. p.1. </ref>. Even though Charaka mentions ''khadira'' as best drug in ''kushta'' [Cha. Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 25] It may be seen that in Charaka [[Sutra Sthana]] 2nd chapter ''aragwadha'' has been preferred over ''khadira''. For external usage it may be considered that ''aragwadha'' is best, whereas for internal usage ''khadira'' is choice of drug in ''kushta''. [6-7]

Charaka mentions ''aragwadha'' in the context of [[vamana]] and ''asthapana''[Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 1/82]. Apart from this it also finds mention in Charaka [[Sutra Sthana]] 4th Chapter under ''kushtaghna, vamanopaga'' and ''kandughna dashemani''. In Charaka [[Vimana Sthana]] ''aragwadha'' has been considered under ''tiktaskandha'' [ Cha. Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 8/164]. Sushruta mentions usage of ''aragwadha'' in ''ksharakalpa''. ''Aragwadha'' has been mentioned in ''aragwadhadi gana'' and ''shyamadi gana'' <ref>Sushruta. Sutra Sthana, Cha.39 Samshodhanasamshamaneeym Adhyaya verse 9. In: Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya, Editors. Sushruta Samhita. 8th ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Orientalia;2005. p.1. </ref>. Even though Charaka mentions ''khadira'' as best drug in ''kushta'' [Cha. Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 25] It may be seen that in Charaka [[Sutra Sthana]] 2nd chapter ''aragwadha'' has been preferred over ''khadira''. For external usage it may be considered that ''aragwadha'' is best, whereas for internal usage ''khadira'' is choice of drug in ''kushta''. [6-7]

Below age four years the drug is not advised, because of possible complications and in children above 12 years, drug may not give the desired benefit. As both ''aragwadha'' and ''draksha''(grapes) are mild purgative in nature may not induce the desired purgation if given to children above 12 years. Chakradutta mentions the usage of ''aragwadha'' with ''drasksha'' in ''pittajajwara''. ''Aragwadha'' is purgative but when administered alone may bring about untoward side effects like colicky pain so is usually administered with any suitable adjuvants. [8-9½]

Below age four years the drug is not advised, because of possible complications and in children above 12 years, drug may not give the desired benefit. As both ''aragwadha'' and ''draksha''(grapes) are mild purgative in nature may not induce the desired purgation if given to children above 12 years. Chakradutta mentions the usage of ''aragwadha'' with ''drasksha'' in [[pitta]]jajwara. ''Aragwadha'' is purgative but when administered alone may bring about untoward side effects like colicky pain so is usually administered with any suitable adjuvants. [8-9½]

''Aragwadha phala majja'' is preferably used in ''sheetakashaya'' (or ''phanta'' form as tannin content present in it, when boiled tannin in it will increase and its purgative action will be reduced. Apart from this ''aragwadha'' with ''suramanda, sauviraka'' and ''kolasidhu'' can be given to those who are addicted to alcohol. Where as those who prefer ''amla rasa'' (sour taste) can be administered with ''dadhimanda''. In general, for others it can be given with ''amalaki swarasa'' which will potentiate the action of ''aragwadha'' and will also reduce its untoward effects like colicky pain. In eczema and skin ailments like urticarial rashes ''aragwadha'' leaves are made into paste with ''kanji'' and applied.(Vangasena) [9½-10]

''Aragwadha phala majja'' is preferably used in ''sheetakashaya'' (or ''phanta'' form as tannin content present in it, when boiled tannin in it will increase and its purgative action will be reduced. Apart from this ''aragwadha'' with ''suramanda, sauviraka'' and ''kolasidhu'' can be given to those who are addicted to alcohol. Where as those who prefer ''amla rasa'' (sour taste) can be administered with ''dadhimanda''. In general, for others it can be given with ''amalaki swarasa'' which will potentiate the action of ''aragwadha'' and will also reduce its untoward effects like colicky pain. In eczema and skin ailments like urticarial rashes ''aragwadha'' leaves are made into paste with ''kanji'' and applied.(Vangasena) [9½-10]

''Aragwadha'' even though has tannin in it, when dissolved with ''trivrita kwatha'' and jaggery retains its purgative effect. ''Avaleha'' (linctus) form of the drug can be preserved for longer duration. Thus the drug prepared in this form can be used as and when required.

''Aragwadha'' even though has tannin in it, when dissolved with ''trivrita kwatha'' and jaggery retains its purgative effect. ''Avaleha'' (linctus) form of the drug can be preserved for longer duration. Thus the drug prepared in this form can be used as and when required.

The ''avaleha'' should be given to the patient according to his ''koshtha'' for inducing ''virechana''. [12]  

The ''avaleha'' should be given to the patient according to his ''koshtha'' for inducing [[virechana]]. [12]  

Milk is mixed with ''aragwadha'' fruit pulp, it is boiled and cooled. Cream is extracted from it, by which ghee is prepared. This can be used for purgation. Other than above said method, ghee (unprocessed) can also be processed with ''aragwadha'' fruit pulp and ''amalaki'' fruit juice which may also be used to induce purgation. ''Ghrita'' prepared from the decoction of the root of ''aragwadha'' is very much useful in ''kushtha''<ref>Vagbhata. Chikitsa Sthana, Cha.19 Kushta Chikitsitam Adhyaya verse 13. In: Harishastri Paradkar Vaidya, Editors. Ashtanga Hridayam. 1st ed. Varanasi: Krishnadas Academy;2000.p.4.</ref>. ''Ghrita'' like ''avaleha'' can be preserved for longer duration and can be used accordingly. Apart from this ''ghrita'' can be used as remedy in ''pitta dosha'' dominance as well ''vata dosha'' dominance where decoction may not be that much suitable.[13]

Milk is mixed with ''aragwadha'' fruit pulp, it is boiled and cooled. Cream is extracted from it, by which ghee is prepared. This can be used for purgation. Other than above said method, ghee (unprocessed) can also be processed with ''aragwadha'' fruit pulp and ''amalaki'' fruit juice which may also be used to induce purgation. ''Ghrita'' prepared from the decoction of the root of ''aragwadha'' is very much useful in ''kushtha''<ref>Vagbhata. Chikitsa Sthana, Cha.19 Kushta Chikitsitam Adhyaya verse 13. In: Harishastri Paradkar Vaidya, Editors. Ashtanga Hridayam. 1st ed. Varanasi: Krishnadas Academy;2000.p.4.</ref>. ''Ghrita'' like ''avaleha'' can be preserved for longer duration and can be used accordingly. Apart from this ''ghrita'' can be used as remedy in [[pitta]] [[dosha]] dominance as well [[vata]] [[dosha]] dominance where decoction may not be that much suitable.[13]

Three ''ghrita'' preparations are told here to suit the need and constitution of the individual. One with simple ''aragwadha phala majja'', other preparation to which ''amalaki'' juice is added and third being added with ''dashamoola'' and other ''virechaka dravyas''. Thus prepared ghee can be used to induce purgation. [14]

Three ''ghrita'' preparations are told here to suit the need and constitution of the individual. One with simple ''aragwadha phala majja'', other preparation to which ''amalaki'' juice is added and third being added with ''dashamoola'' and other ''virechaka dravyas''. Thus prepared ghee can be used to induce purgation. [14]

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