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→Two types of causes (dwividha hetu)
'''I. As per the origin of disease:'''
'''I. As per the origin of disease:'''
a) '''Direct causes (utpadaka hetu)''': Etiological factors that directly cause disease by the accumulation of [[dosha]]. Example: dietetic, behavioral, psychological, accident, poisons etc.
a) Direct causes (utpadaka hetu): Etiological factors that directly cause disease by the accumulation of [[dosha]]. Example: dietetic, behavioral, psychological, accident, poisons etc.
b) '''Supportive or indirect causes (vyanjaka hetu)''': These are indirect or supportive to pathogenesis. For example, the seasonal variations or time of the day (early morning, midday, evening, midnight) are supportive causes. These indirectly help in increasing pathogenesis and stimulate the progression of a disease.
b) Supportive or indirect causes (vyanjaka hetu): These are indirect or supportive to pathogenesis. For example, the seasonal variations or time of the day (early morning, midday, evening, midnight) are supportive causes. These indirectly help in increasing pathogenesis and stimulate the progression of a disease.
'''II.As per the source of causes:'''
'''II.As per the source of causes:'''
a) '''External causes (bahya hetu)''': External causes include alterations in diet, lifestyle, and seasonal influences.
a) External causes (bahya hetu): External causes include alterations in diet, lifestyle, and seasonal influences.
b) '''Internal causes (abhyantara hetu)''': Internal causes disequilibrium of functions of [[doṣha]], [[dhatu]], [[mala]], [[agni]] and [[indriya]].
b) Internal causes (abhyantara hetu): Internal causes disequilibrium of functions of [[doṣha]], [[dhatu]], [[mala]], [[agni]] and [[indriya]].
'''III. As per the site of cause:'''
'''III. As per the site of cause:'''
a) '''Somatic cause (sharirika hetu)''': These causes lead to disturbances in the anatomy and physiology of the body.
a) Somatic cause (sharirika hetu): These causes lead to disturbances in the anatomy and physiology of the body.
b) '''Psychological cause (manasika hetu)''': These causes lead to disturbances in mental functions.
b) Psychological cause (manasika hetu): These causes lead to disturbances in mental functions.
'''IV. As per clinical observations:'''
'''IV. As per clinical observations:'''
a) '''Aggravating factors (anupashaya)''' b) '''Relieving factors (upashaya)'''. [Cha. Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 12/7 and 16]
a) Aggravating factors (anupashaya) b) Relieving factors (upashaya). [Cha. Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 12/7 and 16]
'''V. As per epidemiological classification:'''
'''V. As per epidemiological classification:'''
a) '''Common factors (sadharana karana)''': These factors are commonly shared by all individuals in society. These are observed in conditions affecting large population like epidemics, pandemics. Example: air (vayu), water (jala), geographical habitat (desha), season (kaala).
a) Common factors (sadharana karana): These factors are commonly shared by all individuals in society. These are observed in conditions affecting large population like epidemics, pandemics. Example: air (vayu), water (jala), geographical habitat (desha), season (kaala).
b) '''Individual specific factors (asadharna karana)''': These are specific to the person. Example: specific diet, life style etc. [Chakrapani, Cha. Sa. [[Vimana Sthana]] 3]
b) Individual specific factors (asadharna karana): These are specific to the person. Example: specific diet, life style etc. [Chakrapani, Cha. Sa. [[Vimana Sthana]] 3]
===Three-fold classification (trividha hetu)===
===Three-fold classification (trividha hetu)===