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<big>'''Abstract'''</big>
<big>'''Abstract'''</big>
<div style="text-align:justify;">In continuation of the previous chapter, this chapter delves into classifications of diseases. Diseases have been broadly classified here into two groups – one comprising of diseases manifesting as a result of involvement of two or more doshas (Samanyaja Vyadhi), while the other focusing on diseases caused due to a single dosha (Nanatmaja Vyadhi). Forty-eight diseases have been enlisted with their types from diagnostic perspective in this chapter. The role of dosha in etiopathogenesis of the diseases, difference between the exogenous and endogenous diseases and their coexistence is also described. One to one correlation of these disease entities with those in conventional medicine has limited scope. Some diseases described in this chapter can be exactly correlated with diseases of conventional medicine whereas some cannot be. </div>
<div style="text-align:justify;">In continuation of the previous chapter, this chapter delves into classifications of diseases. Diseases have been broadly classified here into two groups – one comprising of diseases manifesting as a result of involvement of two or more [[dosha]](Samanyaja Vyadhi), while the other focusing on diseases caused due to a single [[dosha]] (Nanatmaja Vyadhi). Forty-eight diseases have been enlisted with their types from diagnostic perspective in this chapter. The role of [[dosha]] in etiopathogenesis of the diseases, difference between the exogenous and endogenous diseases and their coexistence is also described. One to one correlation of these disease entities with those in conventional medicine has limited scope. Some diseases described in this chapter can be exactly correlated with diseases of conventional medicine whereas some cannot be. </div>
'''Keywords''': ''kapha, nija, pitta, sannipattika, vikara, vata,'' numerical classification, diseases.
'''Keywords''': [[kapha]], nija, [[pitta]], sannipattika, vikara, [[vata]], numerical classification, diseases.
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== Introduction ==
== Introduction ==
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<div style="text-align:justify;">
Important principles of diseases in this section of the ''Roga Chatushka'' (tetrad on diseases) have been described. The preceding chapter provided a broader explanation for the cause of innumerable diseases due to ''dosha'' vitiation as well as variations in characteristics like pain, sign, etiology, site of origin, site of manifestation, symptoms and nomenclature. However, only the most important diseases, probably prevalent at that time, have been classified in view of prescribing treatment. Classification of these known diseases, based on characteristics provided above, and coupled with a few more variables such as prognosis, chronicity, treatment etc. have been done at various places within the [[Charak Samhita]]. On critically analyzing, we find that the diseases have been classified into groups having as few as one to as many as eight diseases each.Three disease groups of twenty types each have been classified at the end. It has been observed that the listing of groups by diseases has been done in a descending order - from those having eight diseases to one - because there are no other groups that have greater than eight types of diseases within them, except for the three groups with twenty types. Hence, these outliers (with twenty types) have been enumerated at the end rather than in the beginning of the chapter. Even though there are eighteen types of obstinate skin diseases, only the seven most obstinate ones have been enumerated here.
Important principles of diseases in this section of the ''Roga Chatushka'' (tetrad on diseases) have been described. The preceding chapter provided a broader explanation for the cause of innumerable diseases due to [[dosha]] vitiation as well as variations in characteristics like pain, sign, etiology, site of origin, site of manifestation, symptoms and nomenclature. However, only the most important diseases, probably prevalent at that time, have been classified in view of prescribing treatment. Classification of these known diseases, based on characteristics provided above, and coupled with a few more variables such as prognosis, chronicity, treatment etc. have been done at various places within the [[Charak Samhita]]. On critically analyzing, we find that the diseases have been classified into groups having as few as one to as many as eight diseases each.Three disease groups of twenty types each have been classified at the end. It has been observed that the listing of groups by diseases has been done in a descending order - from those having eight diseases to one - because there are no other groups that have greater than eight types of diseases within them, except for the three groups with twenty types. Hence, these outliers (with twenty types) have been enumerated at the end rather than in the beginning of the chapter. Even though there are eighteen types of obstinate skin diseases, only the seven most obstinate ones have been enumerated here.
As mentioned above, various modes of classification have been used to classify diseases in the Samhita - some diseases have been classified only according to ''doshas'' involved, such as ''apasmara'' (epilepsy), ''akshi roga'' (eye diseases), ''mukha roga'' (diseases of oral cavity), ''pratishyaya'' (rhinitis) etc. In some cases, apart from ''doshas'', certain etiological factors have also been considered and nomenclature has been done accordingly e.g. in case of ''unmada, pandu roga, hridroga, chhardi, shosha, vrana'' etc. Some diseases have been classified taking into consideration only prominent clinical features, such as in the case of ''kushtha, kilasa, arsha, jwara,'' and ''aayama''. In some cases, nomenclature is based on the site involved in pathogenesis, as in ''rakta pitta, kamala'' etc, while in some cases, severity has been the basis for classification e.g. ''vatarakta''. We also find groups containing sub-classes or sub-groups of diseases. This hierarchical basis has been used while classifying the three disease families mentioned that have twenty types of diseases. ''Krimi'' are first classified into ''bahya, raktaja, shleshmaja'' and ''purishaja'' which are sub-classified into other diseases. Similarly, twenty types of ''pramehas'' are broadly classified into three groups on the basis of ''doshas'' and then subtypes are mentioned. ''Yoni vyapada'' (gynecological disorders) are broadly classified into diseases caused by ''dosha'' and diseases caused by amalgamation of ''doshas'' and ''dushyas'', with further sub-classifications. Thus, it can be said that classification has not been restricted to a single hierarchic pattern but a hierarchical system for disease classification as well. Still, the classification of all known diseases is not complete using the above mentioned system. Need-based or contextual re-classification of various disease groups can be found in many places within the Samhita.
As mentioned above, various modes of classification have been used to classify diseases in the Samhita - some diseases have been classified only according to [[dosha]] involved, such as ''apasmara'' (epilepsy), ''akshi roga'' (eye diseases), ''mukha roga'' (diseases of oral cavity), ''pratishyaya'' (rhinitis) etc. In some cases, apart from [[dosha]], certain etiological factors have also been considered and nomenclature has been done accordingly e.g. in case of ''unmada, pandu roga, hridroga, chhardi, shosha, vrana'' etc. Some diseases have been classified taking into consideration only prominent clinical features, such as in the case of ''kushtha, kilasa, arsha, jwara,'' and ''aayama''. In some cases, nomenclature is based on the site involved in pathogenesis, as in ''rakta pitta, kamala'' etc, while in some cases, severity has been the basis for classification e.g. ''vatarakta''. We also find groups containing sub-classes or sub-groups of diseases. This hierarchical basis has been used while classifying the three disease families mentioned that have twenty types of diseases. ''Krimi'' are first classified into ''bahya, raktaja, shleshmaja'' and ''purishaja'' which are sub-classified into other diseases. Similarly, twenty types of ''pramehas'' are broadly classified into three groups on the basis of [[dosha]] and then subtypes are mentioned. ''Yoni vyapada'' (gynecological disorders) are broadly classified into diseases caused by [[dosha]] and diseases caused by amalgamation of [[dosha]] and ''dushyas'', with further sub-classifications. Thus, it can be said that classification has not been restricted to a single hierarchic pattern but a hierarchical system for disease classification as well. Still, the classification of all known diseases is not complete using the above mentioned system. Need-based or contextual re-classification of various disease groups can be found in many places within the Samhita.
This lack of standardization or disease classification or nomenclature does warrant a need to frame some standards that are unanimously acceptable across the world. In fact, the need for standardizing disease classifications has been strongly aired by experts and this body of classification has been given the name of Ayurvedic Classification of Diseases (ACD). Moreover, considering the importance of traditional medicine, the World Health Organization (WHO) is also incorporating Traditional Medicine (TM) in ICD-11. WHO recently completed a survey among member nations and discovered that 82% of the world's population uses some form of TM.[2] To bring all countries onto one platform for health management requires the inclusion of TM in ICD.
This lack of standardization or disease classification or nomenclature does warrant a need to frame some standards that are unanimously acceptable across the world. In fact, the need for standardizing disease classifications has been strongly aired by experts and this body of classification has been given the name of Ayurvedic Classification of Diseases (ACD). Moreover, considering the importance of traditional medicine, the World Health Organization (WHO) is also incorporating Traditional Medicine (TM) in ICD-11. WHO recently completed a survey among member nations and discovered that 82% of the world's population uses some form of TM.[2] To bring all countries onto one platform for health management requires the inclusion of TM in ICD.
To make this happen, immense efforts are required to develop adequate nomenclature and classification for Ayurvedic diseases. However, there are practical challenges associated with correlating all these diseases mentioned in [[Ayurveda]] with modern disease families. For example, certain diseases or disorders such as ''kushtha, pandu, prameha, gulma,'' etc. may not have an equivalent in modern medicine. Some do have a direct correlation with those found or classified today, such as ''bhagandara, kamala, baddhodara, chidrodara, tamaka shwasa'' etc.
To make this happen, immense efforts are required to develop adequate nomenclature and classification for Ayurvedic diseases. However, there are practical challenges associated with correlating all these diseases mentioned in [[Ayurveda]] with modern disease families. For example, certain diseases or disorders such as ''kushtha, pandu, prameha, gulma,'' etc. may not have an equivalent in modern medicine. Some do have a direct correlation with those found or classified today, such as ''bhagandara, kamala, baddhodara, chidrodara, tamaka shwasa'' etc.
The relationship between the ''doshas'' and endogenous diseases can be explained using the following analogy mentioned in this text: just as no bird (under the Sun) can fly without casting a shadow, no endogenous disease (caused by the disturbance of the equilibrium of ''dhatus'') can occur without the vitiation of ''vata, pitta'' and ''kapha''. The exogenous diseases may or may not be caused due to a vitiated ''dosha'' but so far as their treatment is concerned, ''doshas'' need not be factored in. There is also a mention of exogenous and endogenous diseases coexisting together. Endogenous diseases are, at times, followed by the exogenous ones and vice-versa. While treating such conditions, one should start treatment on the basis of the secondary development and our understanding of the primary nature of the disease.
The relationship between the [[dosha]] and endogenous diseases can be explained using the following analogy mentioned in this text: just as no bird (under the Sun) can fly without casting a shadow, no endogenous disease (caused by the disturbance of the equilibrium of [[dhatu]]) can occur without the vitiation of [[vata]], [[pitta]] and [[kapha]]. The exogenous diseases may or may not be caused due to a vitiated [[dosha]] but so far as their treatment is concerned, [[dosha]] need not be factored in. There is also a mention of exogenous and endogenous diseases coexisting together. Endogenous diseases are, at times, followed by the exogenous ones and vice-versa. While treating such conditions, one should start treatment on the basis of the secondary development and our understanding of the primary nature of the disease.
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These diseases will be described in detail in the same order as enumerated earlier.
These diseases will be described in detail in the same order as enumerated earlier.
<div style="text-align:justify;">
<div style="text-align:justify;">
*Eight types of ''udara roga'' (abdominal swelling) are ''vataja, pittaja, kaphaja, sannipataja, plihodara'' (due to splenic disorder), ''baddhodara'' (due to intestinal obstruction), ''chidrodara'' (due to intestinal perforation) and ''dakodara'' (ascites).
*Eight types of ''udara roga'' (abdominal swelling) are [[vata]]ja, [[pitta]]ja, [[kapha]]ja, sannipataja, plihodara(due to splenic disorder), ''baddhodara'' (due to intestinal obstruction), ''chidrodara'' (due to intestinal perforation) and ''dakodara'' (ascites).
*Eight types of ''mutraghatas'' (Oliguria/Anuria) are ''vataja, pittaja, kaphaja, sannipatika, ashmarija'' (due to stone in urinary tract), ''sharkaraja'' (due to gravels in urinary tract), ''shukraja'' (due to spermolith) and ''shonitaja'' (due to hematoma).
*Eight types of ''mutraghatas'' (Oliguria/Anuria) are [[vata]]ja, [[pitta]]ja, [[kapha]]ja, sannipatika, ashmarija(due to stone in urinary tract), ''sharkaraja'' (due to gravels in urinary tract), ''shukraja'' (due to spermolith) and ''shonitaja'' (due to hematoma).
*Eight types of ''ksheera-dosha'' (disorders of breast milk) are ''vaivarnya'' (discoloration), ''vaignadhyam'' (altered smell), ''vairasyam'' (altered taste), ''paichichhilyam'' (sliminess), ''phenasamghata'' (excessive frothiness), ''raukshyam'' (absence of unctuousness), ''gauravam'' (heaviness in digestion/physical character) and ''atisneha'' (excessive unctuousness).
*Eight types of ''ksheera-dosha'' (disorders of breast milk) are ''vaivarnya'' (discoloration), ''vaignadhyam'' (altered smell), ''vairasyam'' (altered taste), ''paichichhilyam'' (sliminess), ''phenasamghata'' (excessive frothiness), ''raukshyam'' (absence of unctuousness), ''gauravam'' (heaviness in digestion/physical character) and ''atisneha'' (excessive unctuousness).
*Eight types of ''reto dosha'' (disorders of semen) are ''tanu'' (increased liquidity/decreased liquefaction time), ''shuskam'' (less viscous/dry), ''phenilam'' (excessive frothiness), ''ashwetam'' (discoloration), ''puti'' (foul smelling), ''atipichichhilam'' (excessive sliminess), ''anyadhatupahitam'' (presence of tissue constituents) and ''avasadi'' (increased specific gravity) (1)
*Eight types of ''reto dosha'' (disorders of semen) are ''tanu'' (increased liquidity/decreased liquefaction time), ''shuskam'' (less viscous/dry), ''phenilam'' (excessive frothiness), ''ashwetam'' (discoloration), ''puti'' (foul smelling), ''atipichichhilam'' (excessive sliminess), ''anyadhatupahitam'' (presence of tissue constituents) and ''avasadi'' (increased specific gravity) (1)
*Seven varieties of ''kushtha'' (obstinate skin diseases) are ''kapala, udumbara, mandala, rishyajihwa, pundarika, sidhma'' and ''kakanaka''.
*Seven varieties of ''kushtha'' (obstinate skin diseases) are ''kapala, udumbara, mandala, rishyajihwa, pundarika, sidhma'' and ''kakanaka''.
*Seven types of ''pidakas'' (inflammatory swellings) are ''sharavika, kachhapika, jalini, sarshapi, alaji, vinata'' and ''vidradhi''.
*Seven types of ''pidakas'' (inflammatory swellings) are ''sharavika, kachhapika, jalini, sarshapi, alaji, vinata'' and ''vidradhi''.
*Seven types of ''visarpa'' (acute spreading inflammatory skin conditions) are vatika, paittika, kaphaja, sannipatika, agni, kardama and granthi. (2)
*Seven types of ''visarpa'' (acute spreading inflammatory skin conditions) are [[vata]]ja, [[pitta]]ja, [kapha]]ja, sannipatika, agni, kardama and granthi. (2)
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==== Diseases of Six Types ====
==== Diseases of Six Types ====
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<div style="text-align:justify;">
*Six types of ''Atisara'' (diarrhoeal disorders) are ''vatika, paittika, kaphaja, sannipatika, bhayaja'' (caused by fear) and ''shokaja'' (caused by grief.)
*Six types of ''Atisara'' (diarrhoeal disorders) are ''vatika, paittika, [[kapha]]ja, sannipatika, bhayaja'' (caused by fear) and ''shokaja'' (caused by grief.)
*Six types of ''Udavartas'' (abdominal diseases due to suppression of natural urges) are ''vataja'' (due to suppression of flatus), ''mutraja'' (due to suppression of urine), ''purishaja'' (due to suppression of feces), ''shukraja'' (Due to suppression of ejaculation of semen), ''chhardija'' (due to suppression of vomiting) and ''kshavathuja'' (due to suppression of sneezing). (3)
*Six types of ''Udavartas'' (abdominal diseases due to suppression of natural urges) are ''vataja'' (due to suppression of flatus), [[mutra]]ja (due to suppression of urine), ''[[purisha]]ja'' (due to suppression of feces), ''[[shukra]]ja'' (Due to suppression of ejaculation of semen), ''chhardija'' (due to suppression of vomiting) and ''kshavathuja'' (due to suppression of sneezing). (3)
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==== Diseases of Five Types ====
==== Diseases of Five Types ====
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<div style="text-align:justify;">
*Five types of ''gulmas'' (abdominal lump/tumour) are ''vataja, pittaja, kaphaja, sannipataja'' and ''raktaja''.
*Five types of ''gulmas'' (abdominal lump/tumour) are [[vata]]ja, [[pitta]]ja, [[kapha]]ja, sannipataja and [[rakta]]j.
*Five types of ''pliha doshas'' (splenic disorders) are of the same type as those of ''gulma''.
*Five types of ''pliha doshas'' (splenic disorders) are of the same type as those of ''gulma''.
*Five types of ''kasa'' (cough) are ''vataja, pittaja, kaphaja, kshataja'' (caused by internal injuries in respiratory tract) and ''kshayaja'' (caused by wasting).
*Five types of ''kasa'' (cough) are ''[[vata]]ja, [[pitta]]ja, [[kapha]]ja, kshataja'' (caused by internal injuries in respiratory tract) and ''kshayaja'' (caused by wasting).
*Five types of ''shwasa'' (dyspnoea) are ''mahashwasa, urdhwashwasa, chhinna shwasa, tamaka shwasa'' and ''kshudra shwasa'' (dyspnoea due to exertion).
*Five types of ''shwasa'' (dyspnoea) are ''mahashwasa, urdhwashwasa, chhinna shwasa, tamaka shwasa'' and ''kshudra shwasa'' (dyspnoea due to exertion).
*Five types of ''hikka'' (hiccup) are ''mahati, gambhira, vyapeta, kshudra'' and ''annaja''.
*Five types of ''hikka'' (hiccup) are ''mahati, gambhira, vyapeta, kshudra'' and ''annaja''.
*Five types of ''trishna'' (thirst) are ''vataja, pittaja, amaja, kshayaja'' (due to wasting) and ''upsargaja'' (secondary to other diseases).
*Five types of ''trishna'' (thirst) are [[vata]]ja,[[pitta]]ja, amaja, kshayaja (due to wasting) and ''upsargaja'' (secondary to other diseases).
*Five types of ''chhardi'' (vomiting) are ''vataja, pittaja, kaphaja, sannipataja'' and ''dwistarthsangyogaja'' (by coming in contact with obnoxious articles).
*Five types of ''chhardi'' (vomiting) are [[vata]]ja, [[pitta]]ja, [[kapha]]ja, sannipataja'' and ''dwistarthsangyogaja'' (by coming in contact with obnoxious articles).
*Five types of ''bhaktasyanasana'' (anorexia) are ''vataja, pittaja, kaphaja, sannipataja'' and ''dweshaja'' (repugnance)
*Five types of ''bhaktasyanasana'' (anorexia) are [[vata]]ja, [[pitta]]ja,[[kapha]]ja, sannipataja'' and ''dweshaja'' (repugnance)
*Five types of ''shiroroga'' (disorders of head) are ''vataja, pittaja, kaphaja, sannipataja'' and ''krimija'' (due to parasitic infection).
*Five types of ''shiroroga'' (disorders of head) are [[vata]]ja, [[pitta]]ja, [[kapha]]ja, sannipataja and ''krimija'' (due to parasitic infection).
*Five varieties of ''hridroga'' (cardiac disorders) are same as disorders of head i.e. ''vataja, pittaja, kaphaja, sannipataja'' and ''krimija'' (due to parasitic infection).
*Five varieties of ''hridroga'' (cardiac disorders) are same as disorders of head i.e. [[vata]]ja,[[pitta]]ja,[[kapha]]ja, sannipataja'' and ''krimija'' (due to parasitic infection).
*Five types of ''pandu'' (anaemia) are ''vataja, pittaja, kaphaja, sannipataja'' and ''mridbhakshanaja'' (due to intake of clay).
*Five types of ''pandu'' (anaemia) are [[vata]]ja, [[pitta]]ja, [[kapha]]ja, sannipataja and ''mridbhakshanaja'' (due to intake of clay).
*Five types of ''unmada'' (insanity) are ''vataja, pittaja, kaphaja, sannipataja'' and ''aagantuja'' (due to exogenous causes). (4)
*Five types of ''unmada'' (insanity) are [[vata]]ja,[[pitta]]ja,[[kapha]]ja, sannipataja and ''aagantuja'' (due to exogenous causes). (4)
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==== Diseases of Four Types ====
==== Diseases of Four Types ====
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*Four types of ''apasmara'' (epilepsy) are ''vataja, pittaja, kaphaja'' and ''sannipataja''.
*Four types of ''apasmara'' (epilepsy) are [[vata]]ja, [[pitta]]ja, [[kapha]]ja and sannipataja.
*Four types of ''akshiroga'' (diseases of the eye)
*Four types of ''akshiroga'' (diseases of the eye)
*Four types of ''karna roga'' (diseases of the ear)
*Four types of ''karna roga'' (diseases of the ear)
*Four types of ''grahani roga'' (mal-absorption disorders)
*Four types of ''grahani roga'' (mal-absorption disorders)
*Four types of ''mada roga'' (intoxication) and
*Four types of ''mada roga'' (intoxication) and
*Four types of ''murchcha'' (fainting) are same as that of ''apasmara'' (epilepsy) i.e. ''vataja, pittaja, kaphaja'' and ''sannipataja.''
*Four types of ''murchcha'' (fainting) are same as that of ''apasmara'' (epilepsy) i.e. [[vata]]ja, [[pitta]]ja, [[kapha]]ja and ''sannipataja.''
*Four varieties of ''shosha'' (consumption/wasting) are ''sahasaja'' (over strain), ''sandharanaja'' (suppression of natural urges), ''kshayaja'' (wasting) and ''vishamashanaja'' (irregularities in diet).
*Four varieties of ''shosha'' (consumption/wasting) are ''sahasaja'' (over strain), ''sandharanaja'' (suppression of natural urges), ''kshayaja'' (wasting) and ''vishamashanaja'' (irregularities in diet).
*Four types of ''klaibya'' (sterility) are ''beejopaghataja'' (affliction of sperm), ''dhwajabhangaja'' (atonia of genital organs/erectile dysfunction), ''jaraaja'' (senility) and ''shukrakshayaja'' (decreased production of sperm) (5)
*Four types of ''klaibya'' (sterility) are ''beejopaghataja'' (affliction of sperm), ''dhwajabhangaja'' (atonia of genital organs/erectile dysfunction), ''jaraaja'' (senility) and ''shukrakshayaja'' (decreased production of sperm) (5)
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*Three types of ''shothas'' (swellings) are ''vataja, pittaja'' and ''kaphaja''.
*Three types of ''shothas'' (swellings) are [[vata]]ja, [[pitta]]ja and [[kapha]]ja.
*Three types of ''kilasas'' (vitiligo) are ''rakta'' (red), ''tamra'' (coppery) and ''shukla'' (white) coloured.
*Three types of ''kilasas'' (vitiligo) are "rakta" (red), ''tamra'' (coppery) and ''shukla'' (white) coloured.
*Three types of ''lohitatapittas'' (coagulopathies) are ''urdhabhagam'' (involving upper channels), ''adhobhagam'' (involving lower channels and ''ubhayabhagam'' (involving both channels). (6)
*Three types of ''lohitatapittas'' (coagulopathies) are ''urdhabhagam'' (involving upper channels), ''adhobhagam'' (involving lower channels and ''ubhayabhagam'' (involving both channels). (6)
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*There is one ''urustambha'' (spastic paraplegia) which is caused by ''ama'' and all three ''doshas''.
*There is one ''urustambha'' (spastic paraplegia) which is caused by ''ama'' and all three [[dosha]].
*''Sanyasa'' (coma) is also of one type that is caused by all three ''doshas'' and is psycho-somatic in nature.
*''Sanyasa'' (coma) is also of one type that is caused by all three [[dosha]] and is psycho-somatic in nature.
*''Mahagada'' (major disease) is one and is due to ''atattvabhinivesha'' (mental and moral perversion). (8)
*''Mahagada'' (major disease) is one and is due to ''atattvabhinivesha'' (mental and moral perversion). (8)
*Twenty types of ''pramehas'' (urinary disorders characterized by abnormal and increased frequency of urine) include ''udakameha'' (polyuria), ''ikshuvalikarasameha'' (glycosuria), ''sandrameha, sandraprasadameha, shuklameha, shukrameha, shitameha, shanairmeha, sikatameha'' and ''lalameha'' (ten diseases caused by ''kapha''). ''Ksharameha, kalameha, nilameha, lohitameha, manjisthameha'' and ''haridrameha'' are six types caused by ''pitta''. Finally, ''vasameha, majjameha, hastimeha'' and ''madhumeha'' are four types caused by ''vata''.
*Twenty types of ''pramehas'' (urinary disorders characterized by abnormal and increased frequency of urine) include ''udakameha'' (polyuria), ''ikshuvalikarasameha'' (glycosuria), ''sandrameha, sandraprasadameha, shuklameha, shukrameha, shitameha, shanairmeha, sikatameha'' and ''lalameha'' (ten diseases caused by ''kapha''). ''Ksharameha, kalameha, nilameha, lohitameha, manjisthameha'' and ''haridrameha'' are six types caused by ''pitta''. Finally, ''vasameha, majjameha, hastimeha'' and ''madhumeha'' are four types caused by ''vata''.
*There are twenty types of ''yoni vyapadas'' (gynaecological disorders). Of these, ''vatika, paittika, kaphaja'' and ''sannipataja'' are produced by ''vata, pitta, kapha'' and a combination of all the three ''doshas'' (''tridosha'') respectively. The remaining sixteen are caused through various permutations and combinations of ''dosha, dushya'' and other causative factors. These are ''raktayoni'' (menorrhagia), ''arajaska'' (amenorroea), ''acharana'' (colpitis mycotica), ''aticharana'' (chronic vaginitis), ''prakcharana'' (deflorative vaginitis), upapluta (secondary dysmenorrhoea), paripluta (acute vaginitis), udavartini (primary dysmenorrhoea), karinini (endo-cervitis), ''putraghini'' (abortive tendency), ''antarmukhi'' (inversion of uterus), ''suchimukhi'' (colpo stenosis), ''sushka'' (culpo xerosis), ''vamini'' (profluvium seminis), ''sandhyayoni'' (undeveloped female sex organs/pseudo-uterus) and ''mahayoni'' (prolapse of the uterus). These are twenty types of gynaecological disorders. (9)
*There are twenty types of ''yoni vyapadas'' (gynaecological disorders). Of these, vatika, paittika and kaphaja and sannipataja are produced by [[vata]], [[pitta]], [[kapha]] and a combination of all the three [[dosha]] (''tridosha'') respectively. The remaining sixteen are caused through various permutations and combinations of [[dosha]], dushya and other causative factors. These are ''raktayoni'' (menorrhagia), ''arajaska'' (amenorroea), ''acharana'' (colpitis mycotica), ''aticharana'' (chronic vaginitis), ''prakcharana'' (deflorative vaginitis), upapluta (secondary dysmenorrhoea), paripluta (acute vaginitis), udavartini (primary dysmenorrhoea), karinini (endo-cervitis), ''putraghini'' (abortive tendency), ''antarmukhi'' (inversion of uterus), ''suchimukhi'' (colpo stenosis), ''sushka'' (culpo xerosis), ''vamini'' (profluvium seminis), ''sandhyayoni'' (undeveloped female sex organs/pseudo-uterus) and ''mahayoni'' (prolapse of the uterus). These are twenty types of gynaecological disorders. (9)
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All the endogenous diseases occur invariably due to the vitiation of ''vata, pitta'' and ''kapha''. As a bird cannot infringe upon its own shadow even by flying throughout the day, in the same way all the diseases are produced by disturbances in equilibrium in ''dhatu'' and cannot occur without vitiation of ''vata, pitta'' and ''kapha''. By examining location, sign and symptoms, causes of vitiation of ''vata'', ''pitta'' and ''kapha'' in any condition, the intelligent physician diagnose all diseases. (5)
All the endogenous diseases occur invariably due to the vitiation of [[vata]], [[pitta]] and [[kapha]]. As a bird cannot infringe upon its own shadow even by flying throughout the day, in the same way all the diseases are produced by disturbances in equilibrium in [[dhatu]] and cannot occur without vitiation of [[vata]], [[pitta]] and [[kapha]]. By examining location, sign and symptoms, causes of vitiation of [[vata]], [[pitta]] and [[kapha]] in any condition, the intelligent physician diagnose all diseases. (5)
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Disturbance in equilibrium of ''dhatus'' results in number of diseases and these are only due to ''pitta, kapha'' and ''vata'' i.e. they cannot be produced without involvement of these three ''doshas''. Exogenous diseases are exception to this. (6)
Disturbance in equilibrium of [[dhatu]] results in number of diseases and these are only due to [[pitta]], [[kapha]] and [[vata]] i.e. they cannot be produced without involvement of these three [[dosha]]. Exogenous diseases are exception to this. (6)
=== Progression of endogenous and exogenous diseases ===
=== Progression of endogenous and exogenous diseases ===