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Changes
→Attributes of mind:
*'''Subtleness''': The mind is the subtlest organ. Ordinary visual senses cannot observe it. One can perceive the mind through its functions associated with senses. This subtleness might be a reason for the limitation to define and conclude the exact physical structure of mind.
*'''Subtleness''': The mind is the subtlest organ. Ordinary visual senses cannot observe it. One can perceive the mind through its functions associated with senses. This subtleness might be a reason for the limitation to define and conclude the exact physical structure of mind.
*'''Oneness''': Mind is only one in an individual. The psyche may appear more than one as it presents multiple roles in an individual. The variation is due to a change in perception as per own suitability (svartha), the capacity of motivation and perception of objects of senses (indriyartha). Similarly, it takes various forms due to its contact with qualities like purity (sattva), activity (rajas), and ignorance (tamas). However, the mind is person-specific and only one. It can unite with only one sense organ at a time to acquire knowledge. [Cha.Su.8/5-6] The other attribute of mana is its fickleness (chanchalatva). Fickle mindedness is one of the significant obstacles in concentration and meditation.
*'''Oneness''': Mind is only one in an individual. The psyche may appear more than one as it presents multiple roles in an individual. The variation is due to a change in perception as per own suitability (svartha), the capacity of motivation and perception of objects of senses (indriyartha). Similarly, it takes various forms due to its contact with qualities like purity (sattva), activity (rajas), and ignorance (tamas). However, the mind is person-specific and only one. It can unite with only one sense organ at a time to acquire knowledge. [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 8/5-6]
The other attribute of mana is its fickleness (chanchalatva). Fickle mindedness is one of the significant obstacles in concentration and meditation.
==Factors related to mind:==
Following factors are related to mind (sattvaja) during embryogenesis. These factors develop further to build the psychic constitution based on exposure and experiences in lifetime.
They are-devotion (bhakti), character (sheela), purity (shaucha), hatred (dvesha), memory (smriti), attachment (moha), sacrifice (tyaga), jealousy (matsarya), valor (shaurya), fear (bhaya), anger (krodha), drowsiness (tandra), enthusiasm (utsaha), sharpness (taikshnya), softness (mardava), seriousness (gambhirya), and unsteadiness (anavasthitatva).
All these are present in the same person, however, do not manifest simultaneously. An individual is said to be of a particular type, based on the predominant type of mind. [ Cha.Sa.[[Sharira Sthana]] 3/13]
==Functions (karma):==
In addition to the vital role in knowledge and understanding, the mind performs the following four functions. [Cha.Sa.[[Sharira Sthana]]1/21 ]
'''1. Control of all sensory and motor faculties (indriyabhigraha):'''
The mind is the prime motivator and controller of all sense organs. The sense and motor organs work only in the presence of an active mind. Thus, the mind is the driving force for the perception of the external world through cognitive and conative senses.
The mind is the prime motivator and controller of all sense organs. The sense and motor organs work only in the presence of an active mind. Thus, the mind is the driving force for the perception of the external world through cognitive and conative senses.
2. Self-restraint (swasya nigraha):
Mind controls and restrains itself from harmful activities. Mind is regulator and coordinator of its own activities. This function of self-restraint is essential in preservation of health and management of diseases. The wholesome and unwholesome regimen is followed or unfollowed by an individual due to self-restraining capacity of mind. Sattvavajaya therapy [Cha. Su. 11/54 ] (conquest of mind) i.e. restraining mind from harmful objects, is a traditional form of psychotherapy. It includes training of mind to avoid harmful things. Meditation practices involve self-restraint.
'''2. Self-restraint (swasya nigraha):'''
Mind can postulate a hypothesis and interpret it logically. The strength of mind is applied to innovate, discover, create new things. Mind is logically applied to make a conjuncture about the possible outcome in a given situation.
Mind controls and restrains itself from harmful activities. Mind is regulator and coordinator of its own activities. This function of self-restraint is essential in preservation of health and management of diseases. The wholesome and unwholesome regimen is followed or unfollowed by an individual due to self-restraining capacity of mind. Sattvavajaya therapy [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 11/54] (conquest of mind) i.e. restraining mind from harmful objects, is a traditional form of psychotherapy. It includes training of mind to avoid harmful things. Meditation practices involve self-restraint.
4. Consideration and thinking (vichara):
'''3. Hypothesis or logical interpretation (uha):'''
Mind can postulate a hypothesis and interpret it logically. The strength of mind is applied to innovate, discover, create new things. Mind is logically applied to make a conjuncture about the possible outcome in a given situation.
'''4. Consideration and thinking (vichara):'''
Mind can think and analyze between right and wrong, correct or incorrect, useful or harmful things. The mind can justify reasons, ascertain possibilities, seek proof or evidence.
Mind can think and analyze between right and wrong, correct or incorrect, useful or harmful things. The mind can justify reasons, ascertain possibilities, seek proof or evidence.
5. Attention and meditation (Dhyeya)
5. Attention and meditation (Dhyeya):
Attending various sensory objects and processing them to acquire knowledge is an essential function of mind.
Attending various sensory objects and processing them to acquire knowledge is an essential function of mind.
6. Resolution or decision (sankalpa):
'''6. Resolution or decision (sankalpa):'''
The mind can resolve a situation or take a willful decision based on its capacity. Determination towards a goal is a function of the mind.
The mind can resolve a situation or take a willful decision based on its capacity. Determination towards a goal is a function of the mind.
Qualities (guna) and impurities (dosha) of mind:
The intellect (buddhi) is superior cognitive faculty over the mind. It acts further on the raw data submitted by the mind. [Cha.Sa.[[Sharira Sthana]] 1/21-23]
Sattva (purity) is the only quality of mana. Rajas (initiator or activity) and tamas (regulator or ignorance) affect the mind. [ Cha.Sha.1/20]
Sattva enlightens the mind with true knowledge. Rajas is the initiator of all activities. Tamas is the regulator or inhibitor of all mental activities. [ Ka.Su.28] These three are fundamental factors responsible for normal or abnormal states of mind. In a normal state, sattva is dominant, and the other two are recessive. Hyperactivity is due to rajas dominance. Hypoactivity is due to the dominancy of tamas. Therefore, the balanced state of all three components is important for normal functions of the mind.
==Qualities (guna) and impurities (dosha) of mind:==
Sattva (purity) is the only quality of mana. Rajas (initiator or activity) and tamas (regulator or ignorance) affect the mind. [Cha.Sa.[[Sharira Sthana]] 1/20]
[[Sattva]] enlightens the mind with true knowledge. [[Rajas]] is the initiator of all activities. [[Tamas]] is the regulator or inhibitor of all mental activities. [Ka.Sa.Sutra Sthana 28] These three are fundamental factors responsible for normal or abnormal states of mind. In a normal state, [[sattva]] is dominant, and the other two are recessive. Hyperactivity is due to [[rajas]] dominance. Hypoactivity is due to the dominancy of [[tamas]]. Therefore, the balanced state of all three components is important for normal functions of the mind.
Some scholars correlate this ancient theory with modern structural, topographic theories of mind as:
Some scholars correlate this ancient theory with modern structural, topographic theories of mind as:
Ayurvedic Theory Structural Theory Topographic Theory
{| class="wikitable"
Sattva Super Ego Conscious
|-
Rajas Ego Fore Conscious
! Ayurvedic Theory !!Structural Theory !!Topographic Theory
Tamas Id Unconscious
|-
Categories of mental strengths:
|Sattva||Super Ego||Conscious
The mental strength of a person is a crucial factor for health. It is also one of the ten points of clinical examination of the patient. [Cha.Sa. Vimana Sthana 8/119] Depending upon the mental strength, clinical categorization is done in three categories viz. superior, mediocre, and inferior or poor mental strength. [Cha.Vi. 8/119]
|-
I. Characteristics of persons with superior mental strength or healthy state of mind:
|Rajas ||Ego ||Fore Conscious
Individuals having superior mental strength have the excellence of psyche or pure quality (sattva sara). The characteristics of these individuals are as follows: [Cha Vi. 8/110]
|-
|Tamas ||Id||Unconscious
|}
==Categories of mental strengths:==
The mental strength of a person is a crucial factor for health. It is also one of the ten points of clinical examination of the patient. [Cha.Sa. [[Vimana Sthana]] 8/119] Depending upon the mental strength, clinical categorization is done in three categories viz. superior, mediocre, and inferior or poor mental strength. [Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 8/119]
===I. Characteristics of persons with superior mental strength or healthy state of mind:===
Individuals having superior mental strength have the excellence of psyche or pure quality (sattva sara).
The characteristics of these individuals are as follows: [Cha Sa. [[Vimana Sthana]] 8/110]
1. Good memory (smritimanta)
1. Good memory (smritimanta)
2. Devotion (bhaktimanta)
2. Devotion (bhaktimanta)
3. Gratefulness in attitude (kritagya)
3. Gratefulness in attitude (kritagya)
4. Wisdom (pragya)
4. Wisdom (pragya)
5. Purity and cleanliness (shuchayo)
5. Purity and cleanliness (shuchayo)
6. Enthusiasm in all good activities (mahotsaha)
6. Enthusiasm in all good activities (mahotsaha)
7. Skillfulness and alertness (daksha)
7. Skillfulness and alertness (daksha)
8. Courage and patience (dheera)
8. Courage and patience (dheera)
9. Valor in fighting for good things (samar vikranta yodhinah)
9. Valor in fighting for good things (samar vikranta yodhinah)
10. Free from sorrow and depression (tyakta vishadah)
10. Free from sorrow and depression (tyakta vishadah)
11. Proper gait and movements (suvyavasthita gati)
11. Proper gait and movements (suvyavasthita gati)
12. Depth of wisdom (gambhira buddhi)
12. Depth of wisdom (gambhira buddhi)
13. Proper connation (cheshta)
13. Proper connation (cheshta)
14. Always indulged in welfare activities (kalyanabhiniveshinah)
14. Always indulged in welfare activities (kalyanabhiniveshinah)
All the above characteristics indicate a ‘healthy and normal mind.’ Opposite characters indicate an unhealthy and abnormal mind. Persons with superior mental strength can tolerate severe diseases without any difficulties, even if they have a weak physique.
All the above characteristics indicate a ‘healthy and normal mind.’ Opposite characters indicate an unhealthy and abnormal mind. Persons with superior mental strength can tolerate severe diseases without any difficulties, even if they have a weak physique.
II. Mediocre mental strength:
===II. Mediocre mental strength:===
The individuals having mediocre mental strength tolerate the pain themselves after realizing the tolerance of other persons towards the same condition. They gain strength from others.
The individuals having mediocre mental strength tolerate the pain themselves after realizing the tolerance of other persons towards the same condition. They gain strength from others.
III. Weak mental strength:
===III. Weak mental strength:===
The person with inferior mental strength can’t tolerate even mild pain, even if they have a plump or big physique. They are susceptible to fear, grief, greed, delusion and ego. When they hear stories of wrathful, fearful, hateful, terrifying and ugly situations, or see flesh or blood of animal or man, they fall victims to depression, pallor, fainting, madness, giddiness, falling on the ground, or such events may even lead them to death. [Cha.Sa. Vimana Sthana 8/ 119]
The person with inferior mental strength can’t tolerate even mild pain, even if they have a plump or big physique. They are susceptible to fear, grief, greed, delusion and ego. When they hear stories of wrathful, fearful, hateful, terrifying and ugly situations, or see flesh or blood of animal or man, they fall victims to depression, pallor, fainting, madness, giddiness, falling on the ground, or such events may even lead them to death. [Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 8/ 119]
All the above types are observed in today’s society. They can be identified by behavior in a crisis. A person with poor mental strength is more susceptible to psychiatric disorders. Therefore, they need careful treatment to improve mental strength. All treatments should be planned according to the strength. This concept of Ayurveda can be widely applied in every preventive as well as curative aspect of psychology and psychiatry.
All the above types are observed in today’s society. They can be identified by behavior in a crisis. A person with poor mental strength is more susceptible to psychiatric disorders. Therefore, they need careful treatment to improve mental strength. All treatments should be planned according to the strength. This concept of Ayurveda can be widely applied in every preventive as well as curative aspect of psychology and psychiatry.
Types of the psychic constitution and their characteristics:
Ayurveda presents an elaborative description of psychic traits or personalities. On the basis of the dominancy of sattva, rajas, and tamas, the psychic personalities are classified into three categories. The specific characteristics of each type are given below. [Cha. Sha.4/38-45 ], [Su. Sha. 4/81-87 ]
'''Types of the psychic constitution and their characteristics:'''
1. Sattva dominant constitution:
Ayurveda presents an elaborative description of psychic traits or personalities. On the basis of the dominancy of sattva, [[rajas]], and [[tamas]], the psychic personalities are classified into three categories. The specific characteristics of each type are given below. [Cha.Sa.[[Sharira Sthana]] 4/38-45 ], [Su.Sa.Sharira Sthana 4/81-87]
'''1. Sattva dominant constitution:'''
A person with the dominance of sattva in the psyche, is kind, benevolent, tolerant, courageous, truthful, religious, intelligent, bold and free. He has a good memory.
A person with the dominance of sattva in the psyche, is kind, benevolent, tolerant, courageous, truthful, religious, intelligent, bold and free. He has a good memory.
2. Rajas dominant constitution:
'''2. Rajas dominant constitution:'''
A person with the dominance of rajas in the psyche, is generally impatient, always dis-satisfied, truthless, egoistic, anxious, has excess anger, pride, and other emotions, hyperactive.
A person with the dominance of rajas in the psyche, is generally impatient, always dis-satisfied, truthless, egoistic, anxious, has excess anger, pride, and other emotions, hyperactive.
3. Tamas dominant constitution:
'''3. Tamas dominant constitution:'''
A person with the dominance of tamas in the psyche is characterized by ignorance, poor intelligence, ill-temper, not believing in God, unreligious, hypoactive, and excessive sleep.
A person with the dominance of tamas in the psyche is characterized by ignorance, poor intelligence, ill-temper, not believing in God, unreligious, hypoactive, and excessive sleep.
Types of behavior traits:
The dominance of sattva, rajas and tamas leads to variable behavior patterns and temperaments. Based on specific temperamental features and behavior patterns, there are sixteen subtypes of psychic constitutions as follow:
'''Types of behavior traits:'''
I. Satttva (purity of mind) dominant:
The dominance of [[sattva]], [[rajas]] and [[tamas]] leads to variable behavior patterns and temperaments.
Based on specific temperamental features and behavior patterns, there are sixteen subtypes of psychic constitutions as follow:
'''I. Satttva (purity of mind) dominant:'''
1. Brahma sattva (God or knowledgeable teacher like psychic constitution)
1. Brahma sattva (God or knowledgeable teacher like psychic constitution)
2. Arsha sattva (Sage or spiritual saint like psychic constitution)
2. Arsha sattva (Sage or spiritual saint like psychic constitution)
3. Indra sattva (King of Gods or president like psychic constitution)
3. Indra sattva (King of Gods or president like psychic constitution)
4. Yamya sattva (God of death or minister or accountant like psychic constitution)
4. Yamya sattva (God of death or minister or accountant like psychic constitution)
5. Varuna sattva (God of water or sportsman or athlete like psychic constitution)
5. Varuna sattva (God of water or sportsman or athlete like psychic constitution)
6. Kubera sattva (God of wealth or business tycoon like psychic constitution)
6. Kubera sattva (God of wealth or business tycoon like psychic constitution)
7. Gandharva sattva (Celestial musician or artist or entertainer like psychic constitution)
7. Gandharva sattva (Celestial musician or artist or entertainer like psychic constitution)
II. Rajasa dominant
8. Asura (King of demons or terrorist like psychic constitution)
'''II. Rajasa dominant'''
8. Asura (King of demons or terrorist like psychic constitution)
9. Rakshasa (Demon or criminal like psychic constitution)
9. Rakshasa (Demon or criminal like psychic constitution)
10. Paishacha (Ghost like psychic constitution)
10. Paishacha (Ghost like psychic constitution)
11. Sarpa (Snake like psychic constitution)
11. Sarpa (Snake like psychic constitution)
12. Preta (Dead body or a person without human feelings like psychic constitution)
12. Preta (Dead body or a person without human feelings like psychic constitution)
13. Shakuna (Omen or bird like unstable psychic constitution)
13. Shakuna (Omen or bird like unstable psychic constitution)
III. Tamas dominant
'''III. Tamas dominant'''
14. Pashava (Animal like psychic constitution)
14. Pashava (Animal like psychic constitution)
15. Vanaspatya (Plant like psychic constitution)
15. Vanaspatya (Plant like psychic constitution)
16. Matsya (Fish like psychic constitution)
16. Matsya (Fish like psychic constitution)
Characteristic features of each of these types are described separately. They represent lifestyle, behavior, fondness, and thought patterns of respective psychic traits. [Cha. Sa. Sharira Sthana 4/36-39] elaborated. The specific behavior pattern and fondness help find suitable professional options in society.
Characteristic features of each of these types are described separately. They represent lifestyle, behavior, fondness, and thought patterns of respective psychic traits. [Cha. Sa.[[Sharira Sthana]] 4/36-39] elaborated. The specific behavior pattern and fondness help find suitable professional options in society.
Inter-dependence of body and mind:
Body and mind both are interrelated & interdependent. The body follows the mind and vice versa. [Cha.Sha.4/36] These two are sites for happiness and misery. [Cha. Sa. Sutra Sthana 1/55] Any somatic disorder affects the mind, and any mental disorder influences the body. Mind can get afflicted by exogenous diseases too. [Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 20/3] Therefore, body and mind cannot be separated from each other. Holistic approach to the preservation of health and management of the disease is essential. The physical (sharira) dosha like vata, pitta and kapha carry various functions related to the psyche. Thus, they directly influence the psyche.
==Inter-dependence of body and mind:==
Vata is considered as the primary dosha to influence mental activities. It is the controller, motivator, and regulator of all mental activities. [Cha.Su.12/6] The dosha, their normal physiological functioning, and pathological impacts are comprised in the table below:
Dosha Subtype Physiological function Gross
Body and mind both are interrelated & interdependent. The body follows the mind and vice versa. [Cha.Sa.[[Sharira Sthana]]4/36] These two are sites for happiness and misery. [Cha. Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 1/55] Any somatic disorder affects the mind, and any mental disorder influences the body. Mind can get afflicted by exogenous diseases too. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 20/3] Therefore, body and mind cannot be separated from each other. Holistic approach to the preservation of health and management of the disease is essential. The physical (sharira) dosha like [[vata]],[[pitta]] and [[kapha]] carry various functions related to the psyche. Thus, they directly influence the psyche.
functions
[Cha.Su.18/49-51 ] Pathological impact
[[Vata]] is considered as the primary [[dosha]] to influence mental activities. It is the controller, motivator, and regulator of all mental activities. [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 12/6] The [[dosha]], their normal physiological functioning, and pathological impacts are comprised in the table below:
Vata Prana Sensations Enthusiasm (utsaha),
{| class="wikitable"
Pleasure (harsha) Fear (bhaya), Depression (vishada),
|-
!Dosha !!Subtype!! Physiological function !!Gross functions[Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]]18/49-51]!!Pathological impact
|-
|Vata ||Prana|| Sensations ||Enthusiasm (utsaha),Pleasure (harsha)|| Fear (bhaya), Depression (vishada),
Grief (shoka), Anhedonia (apraharsha), Insomnia (anidra), Stress (aayasa), Anxiety, worries (chinta), Delirium (atipralapa)
Grief (shoka), Anhedonia (apraharsha), Insomnia (anidra), Stress (aayasa), Anxiety, worries (chinta), Delirium (atipralapa)
|-
|--||Udana || Memory ||-- ||--
Pitta Sadhaka Motivation, determination, and accomplishment Valor (shaurya), Blissful state (prasada), Intelligence (medha) Anger (krodha)
|-
Kapha Tarpaka Nourishment Steadiness or stability (sthairya), Knowledge (Jnana),
|--||Vyana|| Movement || -- ||--
Forgiveness (kshama), Self -control (dhriti), Satisfaction and content or lack of greed (alaulya) Idleness (alasya), Heaviness (gaurava), Ignorance or ack of knowledge (ajnana), Hypersomnolence (atinidra), drowsiness or stupor (tantra)
|-
|Pitta|| Sadhaka ||Motivation, determination, and accomplishment ||Valor (shaurya), Blissful state (prasada), Intelligence (medha) ,Anger (krodha)
Psychological urges (manasika vega):
|-
||Kapha ||Tarpaka ||Nourishment Steadiness or stability (sthairya), Knowledge (Jnana),Forgiveness (kshama), Self -control (dhriti), Satisfaction and content or lack of greed (alaulya)|| Idleness (alasya), Heaviness (gaurava), Ignorance or ack of knowledge (ajnana), Hypersomnolence (atinidra), drowsiness or stupor (tantra)
|}
==Psychological urges (manasika vega):==
An intelligent person should control following psychological urges for preserving mental health.
An intelligent person should control following psychological urges for preserving mental health.
Greed (lobha), grief (shoka), fear (bhaya), anger (krodha, egoism or excess pride (maana), shamelessness or impudence (nairlajjya), jealousy (irshya), excessive affliction (atiraaga), and desire to acquire someone else’s wealth (abhidhya). [Cha. Sa. Sutra Sthana 7/27] If these urges are not controlled, they increase in frequency and intensity. These are converted into psychological disorders.
Psycho-somatic and psychiatric disorders:
Greed (lobha), grief (shoka), fear (bhaya), anger (krodha, egoism or excess pride (maana), shamelessness or impudence (nairlajjya), jealousy (irshya), excessive affliction (atiraaga), and desire to acquire someone else’s wealth (abhidhya). [Cha. Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 7/27] If these urges are not controlled, they increase in frequency and intensity. These are converted into psychological disorders.
The disorders in which only the mind is involved are as mentioned below: [ Ca. Vi. 6/5], [ Su. su. 1/33]
==Psycho-somatic and psychiatric disorders:==
The disorders in which only the mind is involved are as mentioned below: [Cha.Sa.[[Vimana Sthana]] 6/5], [Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana 1/33]
1. Desires or lust (kama)
1. Desires or lust (kama)
2. Anger (krodha)
2. Anger (krodha)
3. Greed (lobha)
3. Greed (lobha)
4 Confusion (moha)
4 Confusion (moha)
5. Envy (irshya)
5. Envy (irshya)
6. Pride or egoism (maana)
6. Pride or egoism (maana)
7. Intoxication or substance dependence (mada)
7. Intoxication or substance dependence (made)
8. Grief (shoka)
8. Grief (shoka)
9. Anxiety (chittodvega)
9. Anxiety (chittodvega)
10. Fear (bhaya)
10. Fear (bhaya)
11. Exhilaration (harsha)
11. Exhilaration (harsha)
12. Depression (vishada)
12. Depression (vishada)
13. Envy or indignation (abhyasuya)
13. Envy or indignation (abhyasuya)
14. Affliction (dainya)
14. Affliction (dainya)
15. Jealousy (matsarya)
15. Jealousy (matsarya)
Cause:
All the above psychiatric disorders are caused due to various types of desires (iccha) and hatred (dvesha). Rajas and Tamas are responsible for these mental disorders. Prajnaparadha (intellectual error) is the root cause of all the disorders. [ Cha.Ni. 7/ 21]
===Cause:===
Dosha specific mental disorders:
All the above psychiatric disorders are caused due to various types of desires (iccha) and hatred (dvesha). [[Rajas]] and [[Tamas]] are responsible for these mental disorders. [[Prajnaparadha]] (intellectual error) is the root cause of all the disorders. [Cha.Sa.[[Nidana Sthana]] 7/ 21]
Total 140 types of disorders due to the involvement of single dosha (nanatmaja vikara) are described. [Cha Su.20 ] Some mental disorders are mentioned among those as follows:
===Dosha specific mental disorders:===
1. Auditory hallucination (Ashabda shravana)
Total 140 types of disorders due to the involvement of single dosha (nanatmaja vikara) are described. [Cha. Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]]20]
Some mental disorders are mentioned among those as follows:
'''a. [[Vata]] [[dosha]] vitiation:'''
1. Auditory hallucination (Ashabda shravana)
2. Fainting (tama darshan)
2. Fainting (tama darshan)
3. Depression (vishada)
3. Depression (vishada)
4. Delirium (atipralapa)
4. Delirium (atipralapa)
5. Insomnia (aswapna)
5. Insomnia (aswapna)
6. Unstable psyche (anavasthita chittatva)
6. Unstable psyche (anavasthita chittatva)
'''b. [[Kapha]] [[dosha]] vitiation:'''
1. Stupor (tandra)
1. Stupor (tandra)
2. Hypersomnolence (nidradhikya)
2. Hypersomnolence (nidradhikya)
Some major psychiatric diseases involve both mental and physical dosha in pathogenesis. [Chakrapani] [Cha. Su.1/55] Such psychiatric diseases are as mentioned below:
1. Psychosis (unmada) [ Cha. Ni. 7, Cha. Chi. 9, Su. U. 62]
Some major psychiatric diseases involve both mental and physical [[dosha]] in pathogenesis. [Chakrapani] [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]]1/55]
2. Epilepsy (apasmara) [ Cha. Ni. 8, Cha. Chi. 10, Su. U. 61]
3. Atattvabhinivesha [Cha. Chi. 10]
Such psychiatric diseases are as mentioned below:
4. Intoxication (mada) [Cha. Su. 24, Su. U. 47 ]
5. Syncope (murccha) [ Cha. Su. 24, Su. U. 46]
1. Psychosis (unmada) [ Cha.Sa.[[Nidana Sthana]] 7, Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 9, Su.Sa. Uttara Tantra 62]
6. Coma (sanyasa) [Cha. Su. 24, Su. U. 46]
7. Alcoholism and substance abuse disorders (madatyaya) [Cha. Su. 24, Su. U. 47 ]
2. Epilepsy (apasmara) [Cha. Sa.[[Nidana Sthana]] 8, Cha. Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 10, Su.Sa. Uttara Tantra 61]
8. Seizure disorder (apatanaka) [Cha. Si. 9, Su. Chi.5 & Ni. 1]
9. Opisthotonos (apatantraka) [ Cha. Si. 9, Su. Chi.5 & Ni. 1]
3. Atattvabhinivesha [Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]]10]
10. Jwara (fever) [ Cha.Sa. Nidana Sthana 1/35]
Diagnosis:
4. Intoxication (mada) [Cha. Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 24, Su. Sa.Uttara Tantra 47]
5. Syncope (murccha) [Cha. Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]]. 24, Su. Sa. Uttara Tantra 46]
6. Coma (sanyasa) [Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 24, Su.Sa.[[Uttara Tantra]] 46]
7. Alcoholism and substance abuse disorders (madatyaya) [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 24, Su.Sa.Uttara Tantra 47]
8. Seizure disorder (apatanaka) [Cha. Sa. [[Siddhi Sthana]]. 9, Su.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]]5 & [[Nidana Sthana]] 1]
9. Opisthotonos (apatantraka) [Cha.Sa.[[Siddhi Sthana]] 9, Su.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]]5 & [[Nidana Sthana]] 1]
10. Jwara (fever) [ Cha.Sa. [[Nidana Sthana]] 1/35]
===Diagnosis:===
Mental disorders can be diagnosed with the help of examinations as given below.
Mental disorders can be diagnosed with the help of examinations as given below.
The psychiatric interview
*Psychiatric Interview for Mental Status Examination(darshana & prashna pariksha)
*Physical examination to rule our somatic illness
*Biological & psychological investigations
====The psychiatric interview====
It differs from a medical interview by many aspects such as:
It differs from a medical interview by many aspects such as:
• Presence of disturbances in thinking & behavior, interfering with meaningful communication
• Presence of disturbances in thinking & behavior, interfering with meaningful communication