Changes

<ref>Achyuta G Atara, R Manjusha, Vinay J Shukla, Dharmendra B Vaghela, Brijesh Rooparalia. Clinical evaluation of Krimidanta Pratishedha (anti-caries) activity of Triphaladi Gandusha in high risk dental caries patients. Ayu. 2014 Jan; 35(1):42-5</ref>  

<ref>Achyuta G Atara, R Manjusha, Vinay J Shukla, Dharmendra B Vaghela, Brijesh Rooparalia. Clinical evaluation of Krimidanta Pratishedha (anti-caries) activity of Triphaladi Gandusha in high risk dental caries patients. Ayu. 2014 Jan; 35(1):42-5</ref>  

==== Pratimarsha [[nasya]] (daily nasal errhine) ====

=== Pratimarsha [[nasya]] (daily nasal errhine) ===

Daily nasal administration (Pratimarsha nasya) of Anu taila, Yogic practices and Diet as daily regimen are effective in prevention of frequent attacks of Pratishyaya. <ref>Dr. Mangalagowri V Rao, Prof. Rajesh Kumar, Prof. S K Tiwari. Role of Pratimarsha Nasya, Yogic Practices and Diet in Pratishyaya (Allergic Rhinitis), European Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research, 2015, 2 (6), 267-275</ref>

Daily nasal administration (Pratimarsha nasya) of Anu taila, Yogic practices and Diet as daily regimen are effective in prevention of frequent attacks of Pratishyaya. <ref>Dr. Mangalagowri V Rao, Prof. Rajesh Kumar, Prof. S K Tiwari. Role of Pratimarsha Nasya, Yogic Practices and Diet in Pratishyaya (Allergic Rhinitis), European Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research, 2015, 2 (6), 267-275</ref>

   

   

====[[Abhyanga]] (therapeutic massage) ====

===[[Abhyanga]] (therapeutic massage) ===

[[Abhyanga]] (therapeutic massage) provides reduction of pain, increased sense of relaxation, emotional well-being, and better sleep. A study was conducted on use of massage therapy on pain levels of patients admitted in medical, surgical, and obstetrics units at an acute care setting. Massage therapy sessions averaging 30 minutes improved pain scores and reduced the dose of pain medication and increased relaxation, emotional well-being, ability to sleep among patients.<ref>Adams R, White B, Beckett C. The effects of massage therapy on pain management in the acute care setting. Int J Ther Massage Bodywork. 2010;3(1):4-11.</ref> Massage therapy also provides benefits in depression, pains, asthma, multiple sclerosis, dementia. A review study on effect of massage therapy showed beneficial effects in variety of conditions like prenatal depression, autism, skin diseases, painful conditions like arthritis and fibromyalgia, autoimmune disorders like asthma and multiple sclerosis, along with diseases like AIDS, HIV and breast cancer and age related issues like Parkinson's disease and dementia.<ref>Field T. Massage therapy research review. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2016;24:19-31.</ref>  

[[Abhyanga]] (therapeutic massage) provides reduction of pain, increased sense of relaxation, emotional well-being, and better sleep. A study was conducted on use of massage therapy on pain levels of patients admitted in medical, surgical, and obstetrics units at an acute care setting. Massage therapy sessions averaging 30 minutes improved pain scores and reduced the dose of pain medication and increased relaxation, emotional well-being, ability to sleep among patients.<ref>Adams R, White B, Beckett C. The effects of massage therapy on pain management in the acute care setting. Int J Ther Massage Bodywork. 2010;3(1):4-11.</ref> Massage therapy also provides benefits in depression, pains, asthma, multiple sclerosis, dementia. A review study on effect of massage therapy showed beneficial effects in variety of conditions like prenatal depression, autism, skin diseases, painful conditions like arthritis and fibromyalgia, autoimmune disorders like asthma and multiple sclerosis, along with diseases like AIDS, HIV and breast cancer and age related issues like Parkinson's disease and dementia.<ref>Field T. Massage therapy research review. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2016;24:19-31.</ref>  

===== Head massage =====

==== Head massage ====

Head massage increases scalp hair thickness. In a study standardized scalp massage for 24 weeks, increased hair thickness (0.085 ± 0.003 mm vs 0.092 ± 0.001 mm). Increased expression of hair cycle–related genes such as NOGGIN, BMP4, SMAD4, and IL6ST and decrease in hair loss–related genes such as IL6 was observed in RTPCR (Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction). Stretching forces result in changes in gene expression in human dermal papilla cells. Standardized scalp massage produces mechanical stress to human dermal papilla cells present in subcutaneous tissue. Hence, increase in Hair thickness was observed when subjected to standardized scalp massage. <ref>Koyama T, Kobayashi K, Hama T, Murakami K, Ogawa R. Standardized Scalp Massage Results in Increased Hair Thickness by Inducing Stretching Forces to Dermal Papilla Cells in the Subcutaneous Tissue. Eplasty. 2016;16: e8.</ref>  

Head massage increases scalp hair thickness. In a study standardized scalp massage for 24 weeks, increased hair thickness (0.085 ± 0.003 mm vs 0.092 ± 0.001 mm). Increased expression of hair cycle–related genes such as NOGGIN, BMP4, SMAD4, and IL6ST and decrease in hair loss–related genes such as IL6 was observed in RTPCR (Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction). Stretching forces result in changes in gene expression in human dermal papilla cells. Standardized scalp massage produces mechanical stress to human dermal papilla cells present in subcutaneous tissue. Hence, increase in Hair thickness was observed when subjected to standardized scalp massage. <ref>Koyama T, Kobayashi K, Hama T, Murakami K, Ogawa R. Standardized Scalp Massage Results in Increased Hair Thickness by Inducing Stretching Forces to Dermal Papilla Cells in the Subcutaneous Tissue. Eplasty. 2016;16: e8.</ref>  

The head massage also promotes hair growth and prevents hair loss. Self-Assessments of standardized scalp massages was done among subjects suffering from Androgenic Alopecia. The results showed that the massages by actions of pressing, pinching and stretching with the help of hands resulted in hair loss stabilization or regrowth among the subjects. But the improvements were less in condition of diffuse versus frontal/temporal or vertex thinning.<ref>Robert S English Jr,  James M Barazesh . Self-Assessments of Standardized Scalp Massages for Androgenic Alopecia: Survey Results. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 9, 167–178 (2019).</ref>   

The head massage also promotes hair growth and prevents hair loss. Self-Assessments of standardized scalp massages was done among subjects suffering from Androgenic Alopecia. The results showed that the massages by actions of pressing, pinching and stretching with the help of hands resulted in hair loss stabilization or regrowth among the subjects. But the improvements were less in condition of diffuse versus frontal/temporal or vertex thinning.<ref>Robert S English Jr,  James M Barazesh . Self-Assessments of Standardized Scalp Massages for Androgenic Alopecia: Survey Results. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 9, 167–178 (2019).</ref>   

===== Foot massage =====

==== Foot massage ====

Foot massage provides improvement in fatigue, sleep and pain and quality of life. The improvement in quality of life scale and psychiatric symptoms were observed (with p<0.05) among subjects after foot bath and massage. <ref>Kazuko Kito , Keiko Suzuki. Research on the Effect of the Foot Bath and Foot Massage on Residual Schizophrenia Patients, Arch Psychiatr Nurs . 2016 Jun;30(3):375-81.</ref> A meta-analysis based review study indicates that foot reflexology is a useful nursing intervention to relieve fatigue and to promote sleep. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effects of foot reflexology on outcome variables other than fatigue, sleep and pain. <ref>Jeongsoon Lee, Misook Han, Younghae Chung, Jinsun Kim, Jungsook Choi. Effects of foot reflexology on fatigue, sleep and pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis, J Korean Acad Nurs. 2011 Dec;41(6):821-33.</ref> Using foot massage, by both nurses and family members can reduce the pain of patients in intensive care unit. This intervention may improve the nursing care quality with the least cost and complications.<ref>Momeni M, Arab M, Dehghan M, Ahmadinejad M. The Effect of Foot Massage on Pain of the Intensive Care Patients: A Parallel Randomized Single-Blind Controlled Trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2020;2020:3450853. Published 2020 Jun 13.</ref> Foot and hand massage proved useful as an effective nursing intervention in controlling postoperative pain.<ref>Nuriye Degirmen PhD, Nebahat Ozerdogan PhD, Deniz Sayiner PhD,  Nedime Kosgeroglu PhD, Unal Ayranci MD. Effectiveness of foot and hand massage in post-cesarean pain control in a group of Turkish pregnant women Applied Nursing Research.23(3);2010:153-158.</ref>  

Foot massage provides improvement in fatigue, sleep and pain and quality of life. The improvement in quality of life scale and psychiatric symptoms were observed (with p<0.05) among subjects after foot bath and massage. <ref>Kazuko Kito , Keiko Suzuki. Research on the Effect of the Foot Bath and Foot Massage on Residual Schizophrenia Patients, Arch Psychiatr Nurs . 2016 Jun;30(3):375-81.</ref> A meta-analysis based review study indicates that foot reflexology is a useful nursing intervention to relieve fatigue and to promote sleep. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effects of foot reflexology on outcome variables other than fatigue, sleep and pain. <ref>Jeongsoon Lee, Misook Han, Younghae Chung, Jinsun Kim, Jungsook Choi. Effects of foot reflexology on fatigue, sleep and pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis, J Korean Acad Nurs. 2011 Dec;41(6):821-33.</ref> Using foot massage, by both nurses and family members can reduce the pain of patients in intensive care unit. This intervention may improve the nursing care quality with the least cost and complications.<ref>Momeni M, Arab M, Dehghan M, Ahmadinejad M. The Effect of Foot Massage on Pain of the Intensive Care Patients: A Parallel Randomized Single-Blind Controlled Trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2020;2020:3450853. Published 2020 Jun 13.</ref> Foot and hand massage proved useful as an effective nursing intervention in controlling postoperative pain.<ref>Nuriye Degirmen PhD, Nebahat Ozerdogan PhD, Deniz Sayiner PhD,  Nedime Kosgeroglu PhD, Unal Ayranci MD. Effectiveness of foot and hand massage in post-cesarean pain control in a group of Turkish pregnant women Applied Nursing Research.23(3);2010:153-158.</ref>  

===== Powder massage (Udvartana) =====

==== Powder massage (Udvartana) ====

A comparative study between usage of tummy trimmer and Kolakulatthadi churna Udvartana for 30 days, showed better result in Udvartana group.<ref> Manjunath Akki, Suresh Hakkandi, Abid Hussaine. A comparative clinical study on the effect of Udvartana and tummy trimmer in Udara Lambanatva with special reference to central obesity. International Journal f Ayurveda and Pharma research, 7 (1) January 2019, Page 32-38</ref>

A comparative study between usage of tummy trimmer and Kolakulatthadi churna Udvartana for 30 days, showed better result in Udvartana group.<ref> Manjunath Akki, Suresh Hakkandi, Abid Hussaine. A comparative clinical study on the effect of Udvartana and tummy trimmer in Udara Lambanatva with special reference to central obesity. International Journal f Ayurveda and Pharma research, 7 (1) January 2019, Page 32-38</ref>

A case study showed intake of  gruel preparation made from buttermilk (Takra-Siddha Yavagu ) and powder massage (Udvartana) is effective in the management of dyslipidemia for normalization of blood lipids. The effect is observed due to drying (shoshana) and  alleviation of vitiated [[Kapha]] and [[Meda dhatu]]  properties. <ref>Patel B, Kamble SB, Vyas HA, Vyas MK, Chinthala R. Hypolipidemic effect of Rukshana Upakrama in the management of dyslipidemia – A case study. AYU 2018;39: Page: 72-75</ref>

A case study showed intake of  gruel preparation made from buttermilk (Takra-Siddha Yavagu ) and powder massage (Udvartana) is effective in the management of dyslipidemia for normalization of blood lipids. The effect is observed due to drying (shoshana) and  alleviation of vitiated [[Kapha]] and [[Meda dhatu]]  properties. <ref>Patel B, Kamble SB, Vyas HA, Vyas MK, Chinthala R. Hypolipidemic effect of Rukshana Upakrama in the management of dyslipidemia – A case study. AYU 2018;39: Page: 72-75</ref>

===== Bath ([[snana]]) =====

=== Bath ([[snana]]) ===

Bath provides cleanliness of body and mind, relief from fatigue. In a study, significant improvement in SCORAD score, itching, and insomnia was observed (with p < 0.001) in children using weakly acidic syndets for daily bath during the summer season. <ref>Kim H, Ban J, Park MR, et al. Effect of bathing on atopic dermatitis during the summer season. Asia Pac Allergy. 2012;2(4):269-274.</ref> Mist sauna bathing in morning results in improvement of work efficiency when compared to other bathing methods. <ref>Lee S, Fujimura H, Shimomura Y, Katsuura T. Verification of impact of morning showering and mist sauna bathing on human physiological functions and work efficiency during the day. Int J Biometeorol. 2015;59(9):1207-1212. doi:10.1007/s00484-014-0932-3</ref>

Bath provides cleanliness of body and mind, relief from fatigue. In a study, significant improvement in SCORAD score, itching, and insomnia was observed (with p < 0.001) in children using weakly acidic syndets for daily bath during the summer season. <ref>Kim H, Ban J, Park MR, et al. Effect of bathing on atopic dermatitis during the summer season. Asia Pac Allergy. 2012;2(4):269-274.</ref> Mist sauna bathing in morning results in improvement of work efficiency when compared to other bathing methods. <ref>Lee S, Fujimura H, Shimomura Y, Katsuura T. Verification of impact of morning showering and mist sauna bathing on human physiological functions and work efficiency during the day. Int J Biometeorol. 2015;59(9):1207-1212. doi:10.1007/s00484-014-0932-3</ref>

==== Important Cross references about diet and daily regimen (Dinacharya) ====

=== Important Cross references about diet and daily regimen (Dinacharya) ===

*Regarding quantity of food: The classification of amount of food in bolus irrespective of food article (Sarvagraha) and amount of each food item like rice, soup, meat soup etc. (Parigraha) is mentioned. [Cha.Sa. [[Vimana Sthana]] 1/21 (4)]  

*Regarding quantity of food: The classification of amount of food in bolus irrespective of food article (Sarvagraha) and amount of each food item like rice, soup, meat soup etc. (Parigraha) is mentioned. [Cha.Sa. [[Vimana Sthana]] 1/21 (4)]