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== Introduction ==

== Introduction ==

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Among the drugs of which bark is utilized as medicine, tilvaka is the best virechaka dravya (purgative) (Su.Su.44/3). It has also been described in the context of sandhaaneeya (healing effect on wounds), pureeshasangrahaneeya (antidiarrheal),  shonithasthaapana dashemaani ganas (hemostatic) and twagasava (fermented prepration from bark). Charaka mentions this in the context of vatavyadhi (Ca. Chi. 28/82). Tilvaka is also told in the context of kashaayaskandha. Tilvaka ghee has been advised in the context of vidradhi (abcess), gulma (abdominal lump) and pittavidagdha (acid dyspepsia) conditions. In hiccups, tilvaka ash is administered with honey (Su. Ut. 50/21).

Among the drugs of which bark is utilized as medicine, tilvaka is the best virechaka dravya (purgative) <ref>Sushruta. Sutra Sthana, Cha.44 Virechanadravyavikalpa Vijnaneeyam Adhyaya verse 3. In: Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya, Editors. Sushruta Samhita. 8th ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Orientalia;2005. p.1.</ref>. It has also been described in the context of sandhaaneeya (healing effect on wounds), pureeshasangrahaneeya (antidiarrheal),  shonithasthaapana dashemaani ganas (hemostatic) and twagasava (fermented prepration from bark). Charaka mentions this in the context of vatavyadhi [Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 28/82]. Tilvaka is also told in the context of kashaayaskandha. Tilvaka ghee has been advised in the context of vidradhi (abcess), gulma (abdominal lump) and pittavidagdha (acid dyspepsia) conditions. In hiccups, tilvaka ash is administered with honey.<ref>Sushruta. Uttara Tantra, Cha.50 Hikkapratishedha Adhyaya verse 21. In: Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya, Editors. Sushruta Samhita. 8th ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Orientalia;2005. p.1.</ref>.

Some experts like Drudhbala mentioned lodhra as synonym of tilwaka. However, there is controversy about the action of this drug. Lodhra possess stambhaka (styptic) action, whereas tilwaka is considered as virechaka ( purgative) in the present chapter. According to Thakur Balavant Singh, Viburnum nervosum is the true botanical source of Classical tilvaka. In the present context of vidhi vimarsha, the probable solution for this controversy will be discussed.  

Some experts like Drudhbala mentioned lodhra as synonym of tilwaka. However, there is controversy about the action of this drug. Lodhra possess stambhaka (styptic) action, whereas tilwaka is considered as virechaka ( purgative) in the present chapter. According to Thakur Balavant Singh, Viburnum nervosum is the true botanical source of Classical tilvaka. In the present context of vidhi vimarsha, the probable solution for this controversy will be discussed.

== Sanskrit Text, Transliteration with English Translation ==

== Sanskrit Text, Transliteration with English Translation ==