Changes

Shwasa results due to chronicity/complication of [[kasa]]. [A.H.NI.4/1]

Shwasa results due to chronicity/complication of [[kasa]]. [A.H.NI.4/1]

=== ''Hikka'' ===

=== Hikka ===

Continuous stimulation of diaphragm causes bouts of hiccups. Due to which the air is expelled out with loud sound (''mahasabdha'') and due to continuous diaphragmatic movement the patient is unable to eat (''margam chaivannapananam runaddhi''). Severe and prolonged hiccups may lead to exhaustion, fatigue, malnutrition, weight loss, dehydration and even death in the extreme situations.  

Continuous stimulation of diaphragm causes bouts of hiccups. Due to which the air is expelled out with loud sound (mahasabdha) and due to continuous diaphragmatic movement the patient is unable to eat (margam chaivannapananam runaddhi). Severe and prolonged hiccups may lead to exhaustion, fatigue, malnutrition, weight loss, dehydration and even death in the extreme situations.  

The hyperventilation due to hiccups can lead to hypocapnia i.e. reduced level of CO2 in blood leading to cerebral vasoconstriction, leading to cerebral hypoxia and this can cause transient dizziness (''upahatasmruteh''), visual disturbances, and anxiety.  

The hyperventilation due to hiccups can lead to hypocapnia i.e. reduced level of CO2 in blood leading to cerebral vasoconstriction, leading to cerebral hypoxia and this can cause transient dizziness (upahatasmruteh), visual disturbances, and anxiety.  

''Pranvahasrotas'' includes the respiratory center in the brain (''prano atra murdhaga'') along with respiratory tract from nasal cavity till the alveoli. Role of ''hridaya'' is also significant. The cardio-pulmonary relationship can be easily understood in diseases like left ventricular failure with marked decrease in ejection fraction and pulmonary congestion leading to respiratory distress. ''Hridaya'' is ''mulasthana'' for ''rasavahasrotas''. ''Rasa'' and ''rakta dhatu'' are part and parcel of ''udakvahasrotas''. The content of ''udakvahasrotas'' is decided by the gastrointestinal tract. Thus one can understand why ''mahasrotas'' has been mentioned as ''mulasthana'' of ''pranvahasrotas''.

Pranvaha srotas includes the respiratory center in the brain (prano atra murdhaga) along with respiratory tract from nasal cavity till the alveoli. Role of hridaya is also significant. The cardio-pulmonary relationship can be easily understood in diseases like left ventricular failure with marked decrease in ejection fraction and pulmonary congestion leading to respiratory distress. Hridaya is site of origin (mula sthana) for rasavaha srotas. Rasa and [[rakta dhatu]] are part and parcel of udakvaha srotas. The content of udakvahasrotas is decided by the gastrointestinal tract. Thus one can understand why mahasrotas has been mentioned as mulasthana of pranvahasrotas.

==== ''Matta rishabha eva nisha'' (like a bull)====  

==== Matta rishabha eva nisha (like a bull)====  

Nasal flaring (Matta rishabha eva nisha) occurs when a person is having severe difficulty in breathing or respiratory distress. It is most commonly seen in children and infants; Respiratory distress is observed in acute respiratory distress syndrome, a serious reaction to various forms of injuries to the lung, and infant respiratory distress syndrome, a syndrome in premature infants caused by developmental insufficiency of surfactant production and structural immaturity in the lungs.

Nasal flaring (Matta rishabha eva nisha) occurs when a person is having severe difficulty in breathing or respiratory distress. It is most commonly seen in children and infants; Respiratory distress is observed in acute respiratory distress syndrome, a serious reaction to various forms of injuries to the lung, and infant respiratory distress syndrome, a syndrome in premature infants caused by developmental insufficiency of surfactant production and structural immaturity in the lungs.